İnsan Eylemlerini Algılama, Önemi ve Nöral Temelleri

Abstract

İnsanlar dahil olmak üzere tüm hayvanların sahip olduğu temel bir beceri, çevredeki diğer canlıların hareket ve eylemlerini algılama ve tanıma yeteneğidir. Günümüze kadar yapılan nörofizyolojik ve nörogörüntüleme çalışmaları, çevremizdeki diğer canlıların eylemlerini algılamak için önemli ve gerekli olan beyin bölgelerini büyük ölçüde tanımlamıştır. Ancak bu çalışmaların büyük bir çoğunluğu, eylemlerin algılanmasını seçici dikkat görevleri altında incelemiştir. Başka bir deyişle, bu çalışmalarda insan eylemlerini gösteren uyaranlar dikkatin odağı olmuş ve katılımcılar izledikleri hareket ve eylemlerle ilgili görevler yapmışlardır. Ancak günlük yaşamda, dikkatimizin odağı olmayan insan hareketleri de sosyal ya da hayati önemlerinden dolayı dikkatimizi çekebilirler ve seçici dikkat dışında otomatik olarak algılanabilirler. Bu derleme makalede, insan hareketlerinin dikkatin odağı olmadığı durumlarda beyin tarafından nasıl işlendiğini inceleyen çalışmalar ele alınmış ve alandaki yeni bilimsel sorulara ışık tutulmuştur. Bu sorular arasında, insan hareketlerinin dikkatin odağı olmadığında nasıl işleneceğinin zamansal boyutları, farklı insan hareketlerinin farklı dikkat çekme kapasitelerine sahip olup olmadıkları, ekolojik geçerlilikleri yüksek doğal düzeneklerde yapılan insan hareketi çalışmalarının laboratuvar ortamında yapılan çalışmalardan farklı sonuçlar doğurup doğurmadığı ve insan hareketlerini algılamada güçlük yaşayan klinik popülasyonlarda dikkat süreçleri de dikkate alındığında ne gibi tablolar çıkacağı soruları yer almaktadır.

Keywords

• görsel algı
• biyolojik hareket algısı
• dikkat
• dikkat yükü
• nörogörüntüleme

Visual Perception of Human Actions and Attention

Abstract

A fundamental skill possessed by all animals, including humans, is the ability to perceive and recognize the movements and actions of other living beings in their environment. Neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies conducted to date have largely identified the brain regions that are important and necessary for perceiving the actions of other beings in our surroundings. However, the majority of these studies have examined the perception of actions under selective attention tasks. In other words, the stimuli depicting human actions were the focus of attention, and participants performed tasks related to the movements and actions they observed. However, in daily life, human movements that are not the focus of our attention can still attract our attention due to their social or vital significance and can be automatically perceived outside of selective attention. This review article discusses studies that examine how the brain processes human movements in situations where they are not the focus of attention, shedding light on new scientific questions in the field. These questions include the temporal dimensions of how human actions will be processed when they are not the focus of attention, whether different human actions have different attention-capturing capacities, whether human action studies conducted in natural settings with high ecological validity yield different results from studies conducted in the laboratory environment, and how clinical populations who have impaired biological motion perception skills behave when attention processes are also taken into account.

Keywords

• visual perception
• biological motion perception
• attention
• attention load
• neuroimagining

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