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The Unique History of Being Oneself: A Review of the Concept of Authenticity within the Framework of Theories, Literature Findings and Progress in Psychotherapy

Year 2024, , 250 - 270, 31.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1405475

Abstract

Authenticity is an important concept that is directly related to psychological well-being and is mentioned in many theories of clinical psychology. Different psychological theories have various views on the definition of authenticity. While varying definitions according to the theory enrich the view of authenticity, they can also make it difficult to work within a common conceptualization of the concept. This paper reviewed the literature to summarize the different definitions of authenticity and unite them in a common ground. Discussing why authenticity would be important for clinical psychology practice and research and framing the role of psychotherapy in ensuring authenticity were also included in the scope of the study. Considering the commonalities among the theories examined in the study, it can be said that authenticity is shaped by many factors, such as temperament, life experiences, interaction with caregivers, and environment, and can develop throughout life. In addition, it was also inferred that authenticity, which is closely related to psychological health, should be addressed and included in interventions by mental health professionals and researchers working in the field. In this context, it was deduced that it would be important for psychotherapists to discuss and work on authenticity in sessions, regardless of the approach they work with.

References

  • Adams, W. W. (2006). Love, open awareness, and authenticity: A conversation with William Blake and DW Winnicott. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 46(1), 9-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167805281189
  • Allan, B. A., Bott, E. M. ve Suh, H. (2015). Connecting mindfulness and meaning in life: Exploring the role of authenticity. Mindfulness, 6(5), 996-1003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-014-0341-z
  • Boone, L., Braet, C., Vandereycken, W. ve Claes, L. (2013). Are maladaptive schema domains and perfectionism related to body image concerns in eating disorder patients?. European Eating Disorders Review, 21(1), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2175
  • Boyraz, G. ve Kuhl, M. L. (2015). Self-focused attention, authenticity, and well- being. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 70-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.029
  • Brandchaft, B., Doctors, S. ve Sorter, D. (2011). Toward an emancipatory psychoanalysis: Brandchaft’s intersubjective vision (1. Basım). Routledge.
  • Bryan, J. L., Baker, Z. G. ve Tou, R. Y. (2017). Prevent the blue, be true to you: Authenticity buffers the negative impact of loneliness on alcohol-related problems, physical symptoms, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Journal of Health Psychology, 22(5), 605-616. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315609090
  • Chen, S. ve Murphy, D. (2019). The mediating role of authenticity on mindfulness an wellbeing: A cross cultural analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 10(1), 40-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/21507686.2018.1556171
  • Deci, E. L. ve Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  • Delcea, C. (2020). Maladaptive cognitive schemas and decision making. İçinde Siserman ve Delcea (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Legal Medicine from Cluj (ss. 145-152).
  • Edwards, D. ve Arntz, A. (2012). Schema Therapy in Historical Perspective. İçinde M. van Vreeswijk, J. Broersen ve M. Nadort (Edl.), The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Schema Therapy: Theory, research, and practice (ss. 3-26). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Ergin, B. E. (2018). Gestalt terapi yaklaşımı ve yaratıcılık. Temas: Gestalt Terapi Dergisi, 2(2), 63-86.
  • Grene, M. (1952). Authenticity: An existential virtue. Ethics, 62(4), 266-274. https://doi.org/10.1086/290847
  • Harter, S. (2002). Authenticity. İçinde C. R. Snyder ve S. J. Lopez (Edl.), Handbook of positive psychology (ss. 382–394). Oxford University Press.
  • Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A. ve Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006
  • Heidegger, M. (1996). Being and time (C. Welch, Çev.). State University of New York Press. (1927)
  • Horney, K. (1945). Our inner conflicts (1. Basım). W. W. Norton. Horney, K. (1950). Neurosis and human growth (1. Basım). W. W. Norton.
  • İmamoğlu, E. O., Günaydın, G. ve Selçuk, E. (2011). Özgün benliğin yordayıcıları olarak kendileşme ve ilişkililik: Cinsiyetin ve kültürel yönelimlerin ötesinde. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 26(67), 27-43.
  • Just, B. (2002). Authenticity: Towards a Perl’s instance. British Gestalt Journal, 11(2), 133-139.
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
  • Kahya, Y. ve Korkmaz, B. (2017). Özgünlük ve psikolojik belirti düzeyi arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik ihtiyaç doyumunun aracı rolü: Bir yapısal eşitlik modeli. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 32(80), 80-92.
  • Kernis, M. H. ve Goldman, B. M. (2006). A multicomponent conceptualization of authenticity: Theory and research. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 283-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38006-9
  • Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self: A systematic approach to the psychoanalytic treatment of narcissistic personality disorders (1. Basım). International Universities Press.
  • Kohut, H. (1977). The restoration of the self (1. Basım). International Universities Press.
  • Kohut, H. (1978). Forms and transformations of narcissism. İçinde P. H. Ornstein (Ed.), The search for the self: Selected writings of Heinz Kohut: 1950–1978 (ss. 427–460). International Universities Press.
  • Kohut, H. (1984). How does analysis cure? (1. Basım). University of Chicago Press.
  • Lutz, P. K., Newman, D. B., Schlegel, R. J. ve Wirtz, D. (2023). Authenticity, meaning in life, and life satisfaction: A multicomponent investigation of relationships at the trait and state levels. Journal of Personality, 91(3), 541-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12753
  • Maffly-Kipp, J., Flanagan, P., Kim, J., Schlegel, R. J., Vess, M. ve Hicks, J. A. (2020). The role of perceived authenticity in psychological recovery from collective trauma. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 39(5), 419-448. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2020.39.5.419
  • Pan, B., Fan, S., Song, Z. ve Li, Y. (2023). Negative bias or positive deficiency, or both? The relationship between individual authenticity and depression among preschool teachers: The sequential mediation effects of mindfulness and self-alienation. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 2023(16), 333-349. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S393191
  • Perls, F. S., Hefferline, R. F. ve Goodman, P. (1951) Gestalt Therapy. New York, 64(7), 19-313.
  • Renner, F., Lobbestael, J., Peeters, F., Arntz, A. ve Huibers, M. (2012). Early maladaptive schemas in depressed patients: Stability and relation with depressive symptoms over the course of treatment. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(3), 581-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.027
  • Riker, J. H. (2021). A critical appraisal of Stolorow’s criticism of Kohut’s concept of the self and his contextualization of Heidegger’s notion of authenticity plus the possibility of an intersubjective self psychology. Psychoanalysis, Self and Context, 16(4), 338-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/24720038.2021.1945065
  • Rogers, C. R. (1959). A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships as developed in the client-centered framework. İçinde S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A study of science. Vol. 3: Formulations of the person and the social context (ss. 181–256). McGraw-Hill.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1965). Toward a modern approach to values: The valuing process in the mature person. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 68(2), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046419
  • Ryan, R. M., LaGuardia, J. G. ve Rawsthorne, L. J. (2005). Self-complexity and the authenticity of self-aspects: Effects on well being and resilience to stressful events. North American Journal of Psychology, 7(3), 431-447.
  • Sartre, J. P. (1956). Being and nothingness: An essay on phenomenological ontology (1. Basım). Philosophical Library.
  • Schmid, P. F. (2005). Authenticity and alienation: Towards an understanding of the person beyond the categories of order and disorder. S. Joseph ve R. Worlsley (Ed.), Person-Centred Psychopathology, içinde (ss. 75-90). PCCS Books.
  • Siegel, A. M. (2008). Heinz Kohut and the psychology of the self (1. Basım). Routledge.
  • Stolorow, R. D., Atwood, G. E. ve Branchaft, B. (Edl.). (1994). The intersubjective perspective. (ss. 41-155). Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Togashi, K. (2012). Mutual finding of oneself and not-oneself in the other as a twinship experience. International Journal of Psychoanalytic Self Psychology, 7(3), 352-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/15551024.2012.686157
  • Togashi, K. (2014). A sense of “being human” and twinship experience. International Journal of Psychoanalytic Self Psychology, 9(4), 265-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/15551024.2014.947676
  • Türk Dil Kurumu (t.y.). Güncel Türkçe Sözlük. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ Ağ adresinden 18.08.2023 tarihinde edinilmiştir.
  • Yacobi, B. G. (2012). The limits of authenticity. Philosophy Now, 92, 28-30.
  • Yalçındağ, B. ve Kahya, Y. (2019). Psikolojik belirti ve duygulanımda özgün yönelim, umut ve canlılığın rolü: Bir klinik örneklem incelemesi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 34(84), 93-110. https://doi.org/10.31828/tpd1300443320180911m000012
  • Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S. ve Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide (1. Basım). The Guilford Press.
  • Winnicott, D. W. (1960). Ego distortion in terms of true and false self. İçinde D. W. Winnicott (Ed.), The maturational process and the facilitating environment (ss. 140–152). International Universities Press.
  • Winnicott, D.W. (1971). Playing: Creative activity and the search for the self. İçinde D.W. Winnicott (Ed.), Playing and reality (ss. 53-65). Tavistock.
  • Wood, A. M., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Baliousis, M. ve Joseph, S. (2008). The authentic personality: A theoretical and empirical conceptualization and the development of the Authenticity Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(3), 385-399. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.55.3.385
  • Zhang, J. W., Chen, S., Tomova Shakur, T. K., Bilgin, B., Chai, W. J., Ramis, T., Shaban-Azad, H., Razavi, P., Nutankumar, T. ve Manukyan, A. (2019). A compassionate self is a true self? Self-compassion promotes subjective authenticity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(9), 1323-1337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218820914

Kendi Olmanın Kendine Has Tarihçesi: Otantiklik Kavramının Kuramlar, Alanyazın Bulguları ve Psikoterapide İlerleyiş Süreci Çerçevesinde Gözden Geçirilmesi

Year 2024, , 250 - 270, 31.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1405475

Abstract

Otantiklik, klinik psikoloji kuramlarının birçoğunda bahsi geçen ve psikolojik iyilik hali ile doğrudan ilişkili olan bir kavramdır. Otantikliğin tanımlanmasında farklı psikoloji kuramlarının çeşitli görüşleri vardır. Kuramlara göre çeşitlenen tanımlamalar otantikliğe bakışı zenginleştirmekle birlikte bir yandan da otantikliği ortak bir tanım çerçevesinde çalışmayı zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu yazıda öncelikle farklı otantiklik tanımlamalarını özetlemek ve bunları ortak bir paydada birleştirmeye katkı sunmak amacıyla alanyazın taranmıştır. Ardından otantikliğin klinik psikoloji uygulama ve araştırmaları için neden önemli olduğunun tartışılması ve otantikliğin sağlanmasında psikoterapinin rolünün çerçevelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. İncelenen kuramlar arasında ortaklaşan noktalar otantikliğin; kişinin doğuştan itibaren getirdiği özellikleri, deneyimleri, bakım verenleri ve çevresiyle etkileşimi gibi birçok faktör aracılığıyla şekillendiğine ve yaşam boyu gelişim gösterebildiğine işaret etmektedir. Bunun yanında psikolojik sağlığı yakından ilgilendiren otantikliğin alanda çalışan uzmanlar ve araştırmacılar tarafından ele alınarak müdahale ve araştırma odaklı çalışmalara dahil edilmesinin önemi de anlaşılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda hangi yaklaşım ile çalışıldığı fark etmeksizin, otantikliğin seanslarda konuşulması ve çalışılmasının psikoterapistler için de önemli olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Thanks

Çalışmanın son okumasında vermiş olduğu destek dolayısıyla Klinik Psikolog Dr. Neslihan Rugancı'ya teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Adams, W. W. (2006). Love, open awareness, and authenticity: A conversation with William Blake and DW Winnicott. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 46(1), 9-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167805281189
  • Allan, B. A., Bott, E. M. ve Suh, H. (2015). Connecting mindfulness and meaning in life: Exploring the role of authenticity. Mindfulness, 6(5), 996-1003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-014-0341-z
  • Boone, L., Braet, C., Vandereycken, W. ve Claes, L. (2013). Are maladaptive schema domains and perfectionism related to body image concerns in eating disorder patients?. European Eating Disorders Review, 21(1), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2175
  • Boyraz, G. ve Kuhl, M. L. (2015). Self-focused attention, authenticity, and well- being. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 70-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.029
  • Brandchaft, B., Doctors, S. ve Sorter, D. (2011). Toward an emancipatory psychoanalysis: Brandchaft’s intersubjective vision (1. Basım). Routledge.
  • Bryan, J. L., Baker, Z. G. ve Tou, R. Y. (2017). Prevent the blue, be true to you: Authenticity buffers the negative impact of loneliness on alcohol-related problems, physical symptoms, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Journal of Health Psychology, 22(5), 605-616. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315609090
  • Chen, S. ve Murphy, D. (2019). The mediating role of authenticity on mindfulness an wellbeing: A cross cultural analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 10(1), 40-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/21507686.2018.1556171
  • Deci, E. L. ve Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  • Delcea, C. (2020). Maladaptive cognitive schemas and decision making. İçinde Siserman ve Delcea (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Legal Medicine from Cluj (ss. 145-152).
  • Edwards, D. ve Arntz, A. (2012). Schema Therapy in Historical Perspective. İçinde M. van Vreeswijk, J. Broersen ve M. Nadort (Edl.), The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Schema Therapy: Theory, research, and practice (ss. 3-26). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Ergin, B. E. (2018). Gestalt terapi yaklaşımı ve yaratıcılık. Temas: Gestalt Terapi Dergisi, 2(2), 63-86.
  • Grene, M. (1952). Authenticity: An existential virtue. Ethics, 62(4), 266-274. https://doi.org/10.1086/290847
  • Harter, S. (2002). Authenticity. İçinde C. R. Snyder ve S. J. Lopez (Edl.), Handbook of positive psychology (ss. 382–394). Oxford University Press.
  • Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A. ve Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006
  • Heidegger, M. (1996). Being and time (C. Welch, Çev.). State University of New York Press. (1927)
  • Horney, K. (1945). Our inner conflicts (1. Basım). W. W. Norton. Horney, K. (1950). Neurosis and human growth (1. Basım). W. W. Norton.
  • İmamoğlu, E. O., Günaydın, G. ve Selçuk, E. (2011). Özgün benliğin yordayıcıları olarak kendileşme ve ilişkililik: Cinsiyetin ve kültürel yönelimlerin ötesinde. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 26(67), 27-43.
  • Just, B. (2002). Authenticity: Towards a Perl’s instance. British Gestalt Journal, 11(2), 133-139.
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
  • Kahya, Y. ve Korkmaz, B. (2017). Özgünlük ve psikolojik belirti düzeyi arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik ihtiyaç doyumunun aracı rolü: Bir yapısal eşitlik modeli. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 32(80), 80-92.
  • Kernis, M. H. ve Goldman, B. M. (2006). A multicomponent conceptualization of authenticity: Theory and research. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 283-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38006-9
  • Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self: A systematic approach to the psychoanalytic treatment of narcissistic personality disorders (1. Basım). International Universities Press.
  • Kohut, H. (1977). The restoration of the self (1. Basım). International Universities Press.
  • Kohut, H. (1978). Forms and transformations of narcissism. İçinde P. H. Ornstein (Ed.), The search for the self: Selected writings of Heinz Kohut: 1950–1978 (ss. 427–460). International Universities Press.
  • Kohut, H. (1984). How does analysis cure? (1. Basım). University of Chicago Press.
  • Lutz, P. K., Newman, D. B., Schlegel, R. J. ve Wirtz, D. (2023). Authenticity, meaning in life, and life satisfaction: A multicomponent investigation of relationships at the trait and state levels. Journal of Personality, 91(3), 541-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12753
  • Maffly-Kipp, J., Flanagan, P., Kim, J., Schlegel, R. J., Vess, M. ve Hicks, J. A. (2020). The role of perceived authenticity in psychological recovery from collective trauma. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 39(5), 419-448. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2020.39.5.419
  • Pan, B., Fan, S., Song, Z. ve Li, Y. (2023). Negative bias or positive deficiency, or both? The relationship between individual authenticity and depression among preschool teachers: The sequential mediation effects of mindfulness and self-alienation. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 2023(16), 333-349. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S393191
  • Perls, F. S., Hefferline, R. F. ve Goodman, P. (1951) Gestalt Therapy. New York, 64(7), 19-313.
  • Renner, F., Lobbestael, J., Peeters, F., Arntz, A. ve Huibers, M. (2012). Early maladaptive schemas in depressed patients: Stability and relation with depressive symptoms over the course of treatment. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(3), 581-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.027
  • Riker, J. H. (2021). A critical appraisal of Stolorow’s criticism of Kohut’s concept of the self and his contextualization of Heidegger’s notion of authenticity plus the possibility of an intersubjective self psychology. Psychoanalysis, Self and Context, 16(4), 338-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/24720038.2021.1945065
  • Rogers, C. R. (1959). A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships as developed in the client-centered framework. İçinde S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A study of science. Vol. 3: Formulations of the person and the social context (ss. 181–256). McGraw-Hill.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1965). Toward a modern approach to values: The valuing process in the mature person. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 68(2), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046419
  • Ryan, R. M., LaGuardia, J. G. ve Rawsthorne, L. J. (2005). Self-complexity and the authenticity of self-aspects: Effects on well being and resilience to stressful events. North American Journal of Psychology, 7(3), 431-447.
  • Sartre, J. P. (1956). Being and nothingness: An essay on phenomenological ontology (1. Basım). Philosophical Library.
  • Schmid, P. F. (2005). Authenticity and alienation: Towards an understanding of the person beyond the categories of order and disorder. S. Joseph ve R. Worlsley (Ed.), Person-Centred Psychopathology, içinde (ss. 75-90). PCCS Books.
  • Siegel, A. M. (2008). Heinz Kohut and the psychology of the self (1. Basım). Routledge.
  • Stolorow, R. D., Atwood, G. E. ve Branchaft, B. (Edl.). (1994). The intersubjective perspective. (ss. 41-155). Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Togashi, K. (2012). Mutual finding of oneself and not-oneself in the other as a twinship experience. International Journal of Psychoanalytic Self Psychology, 7(3), 352-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/15551024.2012.686157
  • Togashi, K. (2014). A sense of “being human” and twinship experience. International Journal of Psychoanalytic Self Psychology, 9(4), 265-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/15551024.2014.947676
  • Türk Dil Kurumu (t.y.). Güncel Türkçe Sözlük. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ Ağ adresinden 18.08.2023 tarihinde edinilmiştir.
  • Yacobi, B. G. (2012). The limits of authenticity. Philosophy Now, 92, 28-30.
  • Yalçındağ, B. ve Kahya, Y. (2019). Psikolojik belirti ve duygulanımda özgün yönelim, umut ve canlılığın rolü: Bir klinik örneklem incelemesi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 34(84), 93-110. https://doi.org/10.31828/tpd1300443320180911m000012
  • Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S. ve Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide (1. Basım). The Guilford Press.
  • Winnicott, D. W. (1960). Ego distortion in terms of true and false self. İçinde D. W. Winnicott (Ed.), The maturational process and the facilitating environment (ss. 140–152). International Universities Press.
  • Winnicott, D.W. (1971). Playing: Creative activity and the search for the self. İçinde D.W. Winnicott (Ed.), Playing and reality (ss. 53-65). Tavistock.
  • Wood, A. M., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Baliousis, M. ve Joseph, S. (2008). The authentic personality: A theoretical and empirical conceptualization and the development of the Authenticity Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(3), 385-399. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.55.3.385
  • Zhang, J. W., Chen, S., Tomova Shakur, T. K., Bilgin, B., Chai, W. J., Ramis, T., Shaban-Azad, H., Razavi, P., Nutankumar, T. ve Manukyan, A. (2019). A compassionate self is a true self? Self-compassion promotes subjective authenticity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(9), 1323-1337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218820914
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy Practise and Research
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Büşra Aktakka Yıldırım 0000-0001-7116-5652

Adviye Esin Yılmaz 0000-0002-1372-2438

Publication Date May 31, 2024
Submission Date December 15, 2023
Acceptance Date May 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Aktakka Yıldırım, B., & Yılmaz, A. E. (2024). Kendi Olmanın Kendine Has Tarihçesi: Otantiklik Kavramının Kuramlar, Alanyazın Bulguları ve Psikoterapide İlerleyiş Süreci Çerçevesinde Gözden Geçirilmesi. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 11(2), 250-270. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1405475