Üstbilişsel Terapi ile Kaygı Belirtilerinin Ele Alınması: Psikolojik Danışmanlık Sürecinde Bir Vaka Çalışması

Abstract

Bu tek vakaya dayalı çalışmada amaç, yaygın kaygı belirtilerinin ele alınmasında Metabilişsel Kuram Temelli Psikolojik Danışma (MKPD) yaklaşımının etkililiğini incelemektedir. Araştırma, sürekli endişe, kontrol edilemeyen düşünceler ve fizyolojik kaygı semptomları yaşayan 22 yaşındaki bir danışanla yürütülen dokuz oturumluk bireysel psikolojik danışma sürecine dayanmaktadır. Psikolojik danışma süreci, Adrian Wells’in metabilişsel modeline göre yapılandırılmış ve sürecin temel hedefi, danışanın işlevsel olmayan üstbilişsel inançlarını fark etmesi, bu inançları yeniden değerlendirmesi ve daha esnek dikkat stratejileri geliştirmesi olmuştur. Süreç boyunca endişe saati, dikkat eğitimi, ayrışmış farkındalık ve Sokratik sorgulama gibi teknikler kullanılmıştır. Müdahalenin etkililiğini değerlendirmek amacıyla Endişe İnançları Ölçeği ve Beck Anksiyete Envanteri hem ön-test hem de son-test olarak uygulanmıştır. Uygulama sonucunda danışanın hem kaygı düzeyinde hem de metabilişsel inançlarında anlamlı azalmalar gözlenmiştir. Danışan, endişeyi kontrol edilebilir bir zihinsel süreç olarak görmeye başlamış, düşüncelerine karşı daha ayrışmış ve esnek bir yaklaşım geliştirmiştir. Bu bulgular, MKPD yaklaşımının bireysel düzeyde uygulanabilirliğini göstermektedir ancak bulguların genellenebilirliğini test etmek amacıyla daha geniş örneklemlerle yapılan araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Keywords

• Metakognitif Teori Tabanlı Psikolojik Danışmanlık
• Yaygın Kaygı
• Danışmanlıkta Vaka Çalışması

Working with Anxiety Symptoms through Metacognitive Theory in Psychological Counseling: A Case Example

Abstract

This single-case study examined the effectiveness of Metacognitive Theory-Based Psychological Counseling (MT-PC) in addressing symptoms of generalized anxiety. The intervention was carried out through nine individual counseling sessions with a 22-year-old client who reported persistent worry, uncontrollable thoughts, and physiological manifestations of anxiety. The counseling process was structured according to Adrian Wells’ metacognitive model and aimed to facilitate the client’s recognition and reevaluation of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, as well as the development of more flexible attentional strategies. Throughout the sessions, techniques such as worry postponement, attention training, detached mindfulness, and Socratic dialogue were employed. To assess the intervention's effectiveness, the Worry Beliefs Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were given before and after the intervention. The results revealed significant reductions in both anxiety levels and maladaptive metacognitive beliefs. By the end of the counseling process, the client began to perceive worry as a manageable cognitive process and developed a more detached and flexible approach to intrusive thoughts. These findings suggest that MT-PC may be a viable approach at the individual level in treating generalized anxiety symptoms. However, further research involving larger and more diverse samples is needed to evaluate the generalizability and long-term effectiveness of this approach.

Keywords

• Metacognitive Theory-Based Psychological Counseling
• Generalized Anxiety
• Case Study in Counseling

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