Borderline Kişilik Bozukluğu Tanılı Bireylerde Duyguların Deneyimlenmesi: Çocukluk Dönemi ve Bugünkü Yansımalar

Abstract

Bu nitel araştırmanın amacı, Borderline Kişilik Bozukluğu (BKB) tanılı bireylerde duyguların nasıl deneyimlendiğini çocukluk dönemi ve bugünkü yansımalar bağlamında incelemektir. Örneklem, DSM-5’e göre BKB tanısı almış, ayaktan tedavi görmekte olan 21-44 yaş aralığında altı yetişkin kadından oluşmuştur. Katılımcılar ile tek oturum olacak şekilde yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yürütülmüştür. Görüşmelerde alınan ses kayıtlarının deşifresi MAXQDA programı ile incelenmiştir. Veriler yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik analiz ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, çocukluk dönemine ilişkin anlatıların iki üst tema etrafında toplandığını göstermektedir: “duygulara yer açmayan ebeveyn tepkileri” ve “karşılığı olmayan yerde duyguyu ifade etme/edememe”. İlk temada, duygunun küçümsenmesi, cezalandırılması, olumsuz duyguya düşük tolerans ve kayıtsızlık gibi geçersizleştirici tepkiler ile kişisel sınır ihlalleri ve mahrem bilgilerin üçüncü kişilerle paylaşılması öne çıkmaktadır. İkinci temada ise duyguların çoğu zaman söze dökülemediği, duygusal yaşantıların “karşılık bulmayacağı” düşünülen bir ortamda içe atıldığı; yoğun öfke anlarında ise duygunun kendine ya da çevreye zarar verme içeren yıkıcı dışavurumlara dönüştüğü görülmüştür. Bugünkü yaşantılarda katılımcılar, bir yandan yoğun, hızla değişen ve birbirine karışan duygular nedeniyle iç dünyalarında kaos ve anlamlandırma güçlüğü, diğer yandan duyguyu paylaşırken içe kapanma, yalnızca güvenli ve yargılayıcı olmadığı düşünülen ilişkilerde koşullu açılma ve zaman zaman yıkıcı, ötekini yeterince gözetmeyen dışavurum örüntüleri bildirmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, BKB’de geçersizleştirici çevre ve duygu düzenleme güçlüklerinin etkileşimini vurgulayan biyososyal model ve zihinselleştirme kuramı gibi çağdaş modellerle uyumludur.

Keywords

• borderline kişilik bozukluğu
• nitel araştırma
• yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik analiz
• duygu
• geçersizleştirici çevre

Emotional Experience in Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder: From Childhood to the Present

Abstract

The aim of this qualitative study is to examine how emotions are experienced by individuals diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), with reference to childhood experiences and current manifestations. The sample consisted of six adult women aged 21–44 who were receiving outpatient treatment and had been diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5 criteria. Single-session semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using MAXQDA. Data were evaluated through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings indicated that childhood narratives clustered around two superordinate themes: “parental responses that leave no room for emotions” and “ expressing feelings when no one is there to respond.” The first theme captured invalidating reactions such as minimization, punishment, low tolerance for negative affect, as well as personal boundary violations and the sharing of private information with third parties. The second theme reflected how emotions were often not verbalized; in contexts where emotional experiences were anticipated to receive “no response,” feelings were kept inside, while intense anger at times escalated into destructive expressions of emotion involving self- or other-directed harm. In their current lives, participants reported intense, rapidly shifting, and overlapping emotions that create inner chaos and make it difficult to make sense of their feelings. They also described withdrawal in emotional sharing, conditional self-disclosure limited to relationships perceived as safe and nonjudgmental, and occasional destructive expressions that insufficiently consider the other person. Overall, the findings align with contemporary models, including the biosocial framework and mentalization-based perspectives, which emphasize the interplay between invalidating environments and emotion regulation difficulties in BPD.

Keywords

• Borderline Personality Disorders
• qualitative research
• interpretative phenomenological analysis
• emotion
• invalidating childhood environment

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