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Ebeveyn Gelişim Görüşmesi Üzerinden Yapılan Yansıtıcı İşleyiş Kodlama Sisteminin Psikometrik Özellikleri

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 241 - 271, 28.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.824479

Abstract

Ebeveynin yansıtıcı işleyişi kendisi, çocuğu ve ikisi arasındaki ilişkiye dair zihin durumları hakkında düşünebilme, bunları birbirine bağlayabilme ve etkilerini tahmin etme becerisidir. Bu çalışmada, Ebeveyn Gelişim Görüşmesi üzerinden yapılan yansıtıcı işleyiş kodlama sisteminin psikometrik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya bir üniversite kliniğinde psikoterapi hizmetine başvurmuş 115 anne (Ortyaş = 36.01 yaş, SS = 4.96) ve çocukları (Ortyaş = 6.99 yaş, SS = 2.09, %41.7 kız) katılmıştır. Ebeveynlerle Ebeveyn Gelişim Görüşmesi yapılmış, görüşme yansıtıcı işleyiş kapasitesi kodlama sistemi üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, ebeveynlerin sosyo-demografik bilgileri ve bağlanma stili ile çocukların duygu düzenlemesi, ifade edici dil becerisi, çocukluk çağı deneyimleri ve davranış sorunları ile ilgili bilgiler toplanmıştır. Açımlayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör analizi sonuçları üç faktörlü bir yapı ortaya çıkarmış ve her faktörün iç tutarlılık değerlerinin yeterli olduğu görülmüştür. Bunlar kavramsal olarak, çocuk- (ebeveynin çocuğunun duygularını yansıtıcı işleyiş kapasitesi), ilişki- (ebeveynin anne-çocuk arasındaki ilişkiyle ilgili yansıtıcı işleyiş kapasitesi) ve kendi-odaklı (ebeveynin kendi duygularını yansıtıcı işleyiş kapasitesi) faktörler şeklinde isimlendirilmiştir. Çocuk-odaklı yansıtıcı işleyiş kapasitesi sosyoekonomik durum ile pozitif yönde ilişkilidir. İlişki-odaklı yansıtıcı işleyiş kapasitesi ebeveynin kaçınmacı bağlanma stili, eğitim seviyesi, sosyoekonomik durumu, annenin sahip olduğu çocuk sayısı ve çocuğun olumlu ve olumsuz deneyimleri ile ilişkilidir. Kendi-odaklı yansıtıcı işleyiş kapasitesi ise annenin sahip olduğu çocuk sayısı, çocuğun ifade edici dil becerisi, duygu düzenlemesi ve dışsallaştırma sorunlarıyla ilişkilidir. Sonuçlar Ebeveyn Gelişim Görüşmesi üzerinden yapılan yansıtıcı işleyiş kodlama sisteminin Türkiye’deki klinik örneklemde kendi-ve ilişki-odaklı yansıtıcı işleyiş kapasitesini ölçmek için yeterli olabileceğini, çocuk-odaklı yansıtıcı işleyiş kapasitesini ölçmek için geliştirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Supporting Institution

Tübitak-Kısmi destek

Project Number

215K180

References

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  • Katznelson, H. (2014). Reflective functioning: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 107-117. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.12.003
  • Kullgard, N., Persson, P., Möller, C., Falkenström, F. ve Holmqvist, R. (2013). Reflective functioning in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-preliminary findings of a comparison between reflective functioning (RF) in general and OCD-specific reflective functioning. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 27, 154-169. doi: 10.1080/02668734.2013.795909
  • Luyten, P. ve Fonagy, P. (2014). Assessing mentalising in attachment contexts. S. Farnfield ve P. Holmes (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of attachment: Assessment içinde (ss. 210-226). Londra; New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Luyten, P., Nijssens, L., Fonagy, P. ve Mayes, L. C. (2017). Parental reflective functioning: Theory, research, and clinical applications. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 70, 174-199. doi: 10.1080/00797308.2016.1277901
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The Psychometric Properties of The Reflective Functioning on the Parent Development Interview

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 241 - 271, 28.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.824479

Abstract

Parental reflective function is parents’ ability to think about, infer, and interpret mental states of themselves, their child, and their relationship. In the current study, we examined the psychometric properties of the reflective function coding system on the Parent Development Interview. Data collected from 115 mothers who applied to a university mental health clinic seeking services (Mage = 36.01 years, SD = 4.96) and their children (Mage = 6.99 years, SD = 2.09, 41.7% girls). Parents were interviewed via the Parent Development Interview which was coded via mentalization coding system. Information about parents’ socio-demographics and attachment organization, and children’s affect-regulation, linguistic aptitude, history of maltreatment, and problem behaviors was collected. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed three-dimensional structure and reliability analyses revealed good internal consistencies for each dimension. These dimensions were termed as child- (parents’ reflective function about child’s feelings), relation- (parents’ reflective function about mother-child relationship), and self-focused (parents’ reflective function about their own feelings) dimensions. Child-focused parental reflective function was associated with socioeconomic status. Relation-focused parental reflective function was related to parents’ avoidant attachment style, education level, socioeconomic status, number of children, and children’s positive and adverse experiences. Self-focused parental reflective function was associated with the number of children, children’s expressive language, affect regulation, and externalizing problems. The results demonstrated that reflective function coding on the Parent Development Interview is a good measure to assess self- and relation-focused parental reflective function, yet improvement seems necessary on child-focused parental reflective function of clinical sample in Turkey.

Project Number

215K180

References

  • Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist: 4-18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
  • Achenbach, T. M. ve Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
  • Alvarez-Monjarás, M., McMahon, T. J. ve Suchman, N. E. (2019). Does maternal reflective functioning mediate associations between representations of caregiving with maternal sensitivity in a high-risk sample?. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 36, 82-92. doi: 10.1037/pap0000166
  • Batum, P. ve Yagmurlu, B. (2007). What counts in externalizing behaviors? The contributions of emotion and behavior regulation. Current Psychology: Developmental Learning Personality Social, 25, 272-294. doi: 10.1007/bf02915236
  • Baydar, N. ve Akcinar, B. (2015). Ramifications of socioeconomic differences for three year old children and their families in Turkey. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 33, 33-48. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.05.002
  • Benbassat, N. ve Priel, B. (2012). Parenting and adolescent adjustment: The role of parental reflective function. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 163-174. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.03.004
  • Berument, S. K. ve Güven, A. G. (2010). Türk İfade Edici ve Alıcı Dil Testi: İfade edici dil kelime alt-testi kullanma kılavuzu. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği.
  • Borelli, J. L., St John, H. K., Cho, E. ve Suchman, N. E. (2016). Reflective functioning in parents of school-aged children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86, 24-36. doi: 10.1037/ort0000141
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  • Collins, W. A., Madsen, S. D. ve Susman-Stillman, A. (2002). Parenting during middle childhood. M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Children and parenting içinde (ss. 73-101). New Jersey, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Corapci, F., Aksan, N. ve Yagmurlu, B. (2012). Socialization of Turkish children’s emotions: Do different emotions elicit different responses? Global Studies of Childhood, 2, 106-116. doi: 10.2304/gsch.2012.2.2.106
  • Ensink, K., Bégin, M., Normandin, L. ve Fonagy, P. (2016). Maternal and child reflective functioning in the context of child sexual abuse: Pathways to depression and externalising difficulties. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 7, 30611-30621. doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v7.30611
  • Erol, N. ve Şimşek, Z. (2010). Okul çağı çocuk ve gençler için davranış değerlendirme ölçekleri el kitabı: Achenbach ampirik temelli değerlendirme sistemi (ASEBA). Ankara: Mentis Yayınevi.
  • Fonagy, P. ve Allison, E. (2013). What is mentalization? The concept and its foundations in developmental research and social-cognitive neuroscience. N. Midgley ve I. Vrouva (Ed.), Minding the child: Mentalization-based interventions with children, young people and their families içinde (ss. 11-34). Londra; New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E. L. ve Target, M. (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self. New York, NY: Other Press.
  • Fonagy, P. ve Target, M. (1997). Attachment and reflective function: Their role in self-organization. Developmental Psychopathology, 9, 679-700. doi: 10.1017/s0954579497001399
  • Fonagy, P. ve Target, M. (1998). Mentalization and the changing aims of child psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 8, 87-114. doi: 10.1080/10481889809539235
  • Fonagy, P., Target, M., Steele, H. ve Steele, M. (1998). Reflective-functioning manual, version 5.0, for application to adult attachment interviews. Londra: University College London.
  • Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G. ve Brennan, K. A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 350-365. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.350
  • Gocek, E., Cohen, N. ve Greenbaum, R. (2008). Mothers’ mental state language and emotional availability: An investigation of the dyadic interaction between mothers and their children. VDM Verlag.
  • Göregenli, M. (1995). Individualistic-collectivistic tendencies in a Turkish sample. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 787-794. doi: 10.1177/0022022197286009
  • Grienenberger, J. F. (2007). Group process as a holding environment facilitating the development of the parental reflective function: Commentary on the article by Arietta Slade. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 26, 668-675. doi: 10.1080/07351690701310714
  • Grienenberger, J. F., Kelly, K. ve Slade, A. (2005). Maternal reflective functioning, mother-infant affective communication, and infant attachment: Exploring the link between mental states and observed caregiving behavior in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Attachment & Human Development, 7, 299-311. doi: 10.1080/14616730500245963
  • Gündüz, A., Yaşar, A. B., Gündoğmuş, I., Savran, C. ve Konuk, E. (2018). Çocukluk Çağı Olumsuz Yaşantılar Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 19, 68-75.
  • Ha, C., Sharp, C. ve Goodyer, I. (2011). The role of child and parental mentalizing for the development of conduct problems over time. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 20, 291-300. doi: 10.1007/s00787-011-0174-4
  • Halfon, S., Bekar, O., Ababay, S. ve Çoklu-Dorlach, G. Ç. (2017). Dyadic mental state talk and sophistication of symbolic play between parents and children with behavioral problems. Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy, 16, 291-307. doi: 10.1080/15289168.2017.1370952
  • Hu, L. ve Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Imamoglu, E. O. ve Karakitapoglu-Aygun, Z. (2006). Actual, ideal and expected relatedness with parents across and within cultures. European Journal of Social Psychology, 36, 721-745. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.313
  • Katznelson, H. (2014). Reflective functioning: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 107-117. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.12.003
  • Kullgard, N., Persson, P., Möller, C., Falkenström, F. ve Holmqvist, R. (2013). Reflective functioning in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-preliminary findings of a comparison between reflective functioning (RF) in general and OCD-specific reflective functioning. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 27, 154-169. doi: 10.1080/02668734.2013.795909
  • Luyten, P. ve Fonagy, P. (2014). Assessing mentalising in attachment contexts. S. Farnfield ve P. Holmes (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of attachment: Assessment içinde (ss. 210-226). Londra; New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Luyten, P., Nijssens, L., Fonagy, P. ve Mayes, L. C. (2017). Parental reflective functioning: Theory, research, and clinical applications. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 70, 174-199. doi: 10.1080/00797308.2016.1277901
  • Murphy, A., Steele, M., Dube, S. R., Bate, J., Bonuck, K., Meissner, P., ... Steele, H. (2014). Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) questionnaire and adult attachment interview (AAI): Implications for parent child relationships. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38, 224-233. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.09.004
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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Burcu Besiroglu 0000-0003-2794-4549

Sibel Halfon This is me 0000-0001-6171-3010

Project Number 215K180
Publication Date June 28, 2021
Submission Date November 11, 2020
Acceptance Date April 22, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Besiroglu, B., & Halfon, S. (2021). Ebeveyn Gelişim Görüşmesi Üzerinden Yapılan Yansıtıcı İşleyiş Kodlama Sisteminin Psikometrik Özellikleri. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 8(2), 241-271. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.824479