Research Article
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Examination of Traffic Accident Survivors’ Experiences: A Glance to the Depth of Life, on the Edge of Death

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 489 - 516, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1262910

Abstract

Every year, 1.1 million traffic accidents occur in Türkiye, resulting in over 6,000 fatalities and 280,000 injuries. The aim of this study was to examine the traffic accidents that cause such losses and injuries from the perspectives of traffic psychology and accident survivors. Nine individuals who reported being affected by a traffic accident within the previous five years were interviewed. The thematic analysis yielded 4 super-ordinate themes. These were the “pre-accident and during-accident situations”, “the effects of the accident”, “ways of coping with the accident”, and “post-accident changes”. The “pre-accident and during-accident situation” theme consisted of the sub-themes of psychological and physiological state before the accident, emotions at the moment of the accident, and behavior at the time of the accident; the theme of “the effects of the accident” consisted of the sub-themes of the psychological effects of the accident, the physical effects of the accident, and the material effects of the accident; “ways of coping with the accident” consisted of the sub-themes such as self-suggestion, social or professional support, and dealing with various activities; and “post-accident changes” theme consisted of attitude and attribution changes, and behavioral changes sub-themes. According to the findings, the traumatic accident experience overshadowed the pre-accident phase. The accident moment not only affected the survivors traumatically, but also provided growth. It was concluded that the participants did not adopt safe driving practices generally; instead, they focused on and changed the behavior that they believed caused the accident. The themes were evaluated based on the existing literature.

References

  • Abedi, M., Gane, E., Aplin, T., Zerguine, H. ve Johnston, V. (2022). Barriers and facilitators associated with return to work following minor to serious road traffic musculoskeletal injuries: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 32, 13-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-021-09994-3
  • Bahari, R., Alwi, M. N. M., Jahan, N., Ahmad, M. R. ve Saiboon, I. M. (2016). How do people cope with post traumatic distress after an accident? The role of psychological, social and spiritual coping in Malaysian Muslim patients. European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 18(4), 349-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642537.2016.1260615
  • Bonanno, F. G. (2011). Clinical pathology of the shock syndromes. Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock, 4(2), 233-243. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2700.82211
  • Braun, V. ve Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Cagnetta, E. ve Cicognani, E. (1999). Surviving a serious traffic accident: Adaptation processes and quality of life. Journal of Health Psychology, 4(4), 551-564. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910539900400408
  • Doohan, I., Gyllencreutz, L., Björnstig, U. ve Saveman, B. I. (2018). Survivors’ experiences of consequences and recovery five years after a major bus crash. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 32, 1179-1187. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12563
  • Giummarra, M. J., Dipnall, J. F., Collie, A., Ponsford, J., Ameratunga, S. ve Gabbe, B. J. (2021). An evaluation of the association between fault attribution and healthcare costs and trajectories in the first three years after transport injury. Injury, 52, 3309-3319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2021.09.027
  • Kaplanhan, F. (2021). Trafik kazalarının Türkiye ekonomisine maliyeti üzerine bir inceleme. The Journal of International Civilization Studies, 6(2), 115-140.
  • Karayolları Trafik Yönetmeliği. (1997, 18 Temmuz). T. C. Resmi Gazete (Sayı: 23053). Erişim adresi:https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=8182&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • Karl, A., Rabe, S., Zöllner, T., Maercker, A. ve Stopa, L. (2009). Negative self-appraisals in treatment-seeking survivors of motor vehicle accidents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 775-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.03.001
  • Kenardy, J., Heron-Delaney, M., Hendrikz, J., Warren, J., Edmed, S. L. ve Brown, E. (2017). Recovery trajectories for long-term health-related quality of life following a road traffic crash injury: Results from the UQ SuPPORT study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 214, 8-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.031
  • Kovacevic, J., Fotez, I., Miskulin, I., Lesic, D., Miskulin, M., Berlancic, T., … Candrlic, M. (2021). Different patterns of mental health outcomes among road traffic crash survivors: A prospective cohort study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041564
  • Kovačević, J., Miškulin, M., Matić Ličanin, M., Barać, J., Biuk, D., Palenkić, H., … Miškulin, I. (2020). Quality of life in road traffic accident survivors. Zdravstveno Varstvo, 59(4), 202-210. https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2020-0026
  • Lucas, J. L. (2003). Drivers’ psychological and physical reactions after motor vehicle accidents. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 6, 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-8478(03)00021-4
  • Markman, K.D. ve McMullen, M. N. (2003). A reflection and evaluation model of comparative thinking. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7(3), 244-267. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0703_04
  • Nickerson, A., Aderka, I. M., Bryant, R. A. ve Hofmann, S. G. (2013). The role of attribution of trauma responsibility in posttraumatic stress disorder following motor vehicle accidents. Depression and Anxiety, 30, 483-488. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22006
  • Pashaei Sabet, F., Norouzi Tabrizi, K., Khankeh, H. R., Saadat, S., Abedi, H. A. ve Bastami, A. (2016a). Experiences of encountering physical trauma caused by traffic accidents: A qualitative study. Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly, 1(4), 187-192. https://doi.org/10.18869/nrip.hdq.1.4.187
  • Pashaei Sabet, F., Norouzi Tabrizi, K., Khankeh, H. R., Saadat, S., Abedi, H. A. ve Bastami, A. (2016b). Road traffic accident victims’ experiences of return to normal life: A qualitative study. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 18(4), e29548. https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.29548
  • Pérez-Núñez, R., Pelcastre-Villafuerte, B., Híjar, M., Ávila-Burgos, L. ve Celis, A. (2012). A qualitative approach to the intangible cost of road traffic injuries. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 19(1), 69-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2011.603155
  • Rajalin, S. ve Summala, H. (1997). What surviving drivers learn from a fatal road accident. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 29(3), 277-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(96)00081-4
  • Samoborec, S., Ruseckaite, R., Ayton, D. ve Evans, S. (2018). Biopsychosocial factors associated with non-recovery after a minor transport-related injury: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 13(6), e0198352. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198352
  • Sleet, D. A., Dellinger, A. M. ve Naumann, R. B. (2011). The intersection of road traffic safety and public health. Içinde B. E. Porter (Ed.), Handbook of traffic psychology (ss. 457-470). Academic Press.
  • Smits, E. J., Gane, E. M., Brakenridge, C. L., Andrews, N. E. ve Johnston, V. (2020). Expert consensus and perspectives on recovery following road traffic crashes: A Delphi study. Disability and Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2020.1855677
  • Thompson, J., O’Donnell, M., Stafford, L., Nordfjaern, T. ve Berk, M. (2014). Association between attributions of responsibility for motor vehicle crashes, depressive symptoms, and return to work. Rehabilitation Psychology, 59(4), 376-385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rep0000012
  • Trafik Kaza İstatistikleri, 2020. (2021, 1 Haziran). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Haber Bülteni, 37436. Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Karayolu-Trafik-Kaza-Istatistikleri-2020-37436
  • Wang, Y., Wang, J. ve Liu, X. (2012). Posttraumatic growth of injured patients after motor vehicle accidents: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of Health Psychology, 17(2), 297-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105311410511
  • Wu, K. K., Leung, P. W. L., Cho, V. W. ve Law, L. S. C. (2016). Posttraumatic growth after motor vehicle crashes. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 23, 181-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-016-9456-9

Trafik Kazazedelerinin Deneyimlerinin İncelenmesi: Ölümün Kıyısında, Yaşamın Derinliğine Bir Bakış

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 489 - 516, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1262910

Abstract

Türkiye’de yılda 1,1 milyon trafik kazası gerçekleşmekte ve bu kazalarda her yıl 6 binin üzerinde insanımız hayatını kaybederken 280 binin üzerinde insanımız da yaralanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı bu kadar büyük sayıda kayıplara ve yaralanmalara neden olan trafik kazalarını, kaza geçirmiş kişilerinin gözünden trafik psikolojisi bakış açısıyla incelemektir. Son 5 yılda trafik kazası deneyimlemiş ve bundan etkilendiğini belirtmiş 9 katılımcıyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Tematik analiz sonucunda 4 üst tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunlar; “kaza öncesi ve kaza anı durum”, “kazanın etkileri”, “kaza ile baş etme yöntemleri”, ve “kaza sonrası değişimler” temalarıdır. “Kaza öncesi ve kaza anı durum” teması kaza öncesi psikolojik ve fizyolojik durum, kaza anı duyguları, kaza anı davranışları alt temalarından; “kazanın etkileri” teması kazanın psikolojik etkileri, kazanın fiziksel etkileri, kazanın maddi etkileri alt temalarından; “kaza ile baş etme yöntemleri” teması kendini telkin, sosyal veya profesyonel destek, çeşitli aktivitelerle uğraşma alt temalarından; “kaza sonrası değişimler” teması tutum ve atıf değişiklikleri, davranış değişiklikleri alt temalarından oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları değerlendirildiğinde kazanın neden olduğu travmatik deneyimin kaza öncesini gölgede bıraktığı gözlemlenmiştir. Kaza anından sonraki sürecin katılımcıları travmatik olarak etkilediği gibi travma sonrası büyüme de sağladığı bulunmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra katılımcıların genel olarak güvenli sürücülüğü benimsemektense kazalarının nedenini atfettikleri davranışa odaklandıkları ve sadece bu davranışı değiştirdikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Ortaya çıkan temalar alanyazın ışığında değerlendirilmiştir.

Thanks

Yaşadıkları bu zor olayı anlatıp, trafik kazazedelerini daha iyi anlamımıza yardımcı olan katılımcılarımıza çok teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Abedi, M., Gane, E., Aplin, T., Zerguine, H. ve Johnston, V. (2022). Barriers and facilitators associated with return to work following minor to serious road traffic musculoskeletal injuries: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 32, 13-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-021-09994-3
  • Bahari, R., Alwi, M. N. M., Jahan, N., Ahmad, M. R. ve Saiboon, I. M. (2016). How do people cope with post traumatic distress after an accident? The role of psychological, social and spiritual coping in Malaysian Muslim patients. European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 18(4), 349-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642537.2016.1260615
  • Bonanno, F. G. (2011). Clinical pathology of the shock syndromes. Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock, 4(2), 233-243. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2700.82211
  • Braun, V. ve Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Cagnetta, E. ve Cicognani, E. (1999). Surviving a serious traffic accident: Adaptation processes and quality of life. Journal of Health Psychology, 4(4), 551-564. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910539900400408
  • Doohan, I., Gyllencreutz, L., Björnstig, U. ve Saveman, B. I. (2018). Survivors’ experiences of consequences and recovery five years after a major bus crash. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 32, 1179-1187. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12563
  • Giummarra, M. J., Dipnall, J. F., Collie, A., Ponsford, J., Ameratunga, S. ve Gabbe, B. J. (2021). An evaluation of the association between fault attribution and healthcare costs and trajectories in the first three years after transport injury. Injury, 52, 3309-3319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2021.09.027
  • Kaplanhan, F. (2021). Trafik kazalarının Türkiye ekonomisine maliyeti üzerine bir inceleme. The Journal of International Civilization Studies, 6(2), 115-140.
  • Karayolları Trafik Yönetmeliği. (1997, 18 Temmuz). T. C. Resmi Gazete (Sayı: 23053). Erişim adresi:https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=8182&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • Karl, A., Rabe, S., Zöllner, T., Maercker, A. ve Stopa, L. (2009). Negative self-appraisals in treatment-seeking survivors of motor vehicle accidents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 775-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.03.001
  • Kenardy, J., Heron-Delaney, M., Hendrikz, J., Warren, J., Edmed, S. L. ve Brown, E. (2017). Recovery trajectories for long-term health-related quality of life following a road traffic crash injury: Results from the UQ SuPPORT study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 214, 8-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.031
  • Kovacevic, J., Fotez, I., Miskulin, I., Lesic, D., Miskulin, M., Berlancic, T., … Candrlic, M. (2021). Different patterns of mental health outcomes among road traffic crash survivors: A prospective cohort study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041564
  • Kovačević, J., Miškulin, M., Matić Ličanin, M., Barać, J., Biuk, D., Palenkić, H., … Miškulin, I. (2020). Quality of life in road traffic accident survivors. Zdravstveno Varstvo, 59(4), 202-210. https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2020-0026
  • Lucas, J. L. (2003). Drivers’ psychological and physical reactions after motor vehicle accidents. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 6, 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-8478(03)00021-4
  • Markman, K.D. ve McMullen, M. N. (2003). A reflection and evaluation model of comparative thinking. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7(3), 244-267. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0703_04
  • Nickerson, A., Aderka, I. M., Bryant, R. A. ve Hofmann, S. G. (2013). The role of attribution of trauma responsibility in posttraumatic stress disorder following motor vehicle accidents. Depression and Anxiety, 30, 483-488. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22006
  • Pashaei Sabet, F., Norouzi Tabrizi, K., Khankeh, H. R., Saadat, S., Abedi, H. A. ve Bastami, A. (2016a). Experiences of encountering physical trauma caused by traffic accidents: A qualitative study. Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly, 1(4), 187-192. https://doi.org/10.18869/nrip.hdq.1.4.187
  • Pashaei Sabet, F., Norouzi Tabrizi, K., Khankeh, H. R., Saadat, S., Abedi, H. A. ve Bastami, A. (2016b). Road traffic accident victims’ experiences of return to normal life: A qualitative study. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 18(4), e29548. https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.29548
  • Pérez-Núñez, R., Pelcastre-Villafuerte, B., Híjar, M., Ávila-Burgos, L. ve Celis, A. (2012). A qualitative approach to the intangible cost of road traffic injuries. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 19(1), 69-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2011.603155
  • Rajalin, S. ve Summala, H. (1997). What surviving drivers learn from a fatal road accident. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 29(3), 277-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(96)00081-4
  • Samoborec, S., Ruseckaite, R., Ayton, D. ve Evans, S. (2018). Biopsychosocial factors associated with non-recovery after a minor transport-related injury: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 13(6), e0198352. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198352
  • Sleet, D. A., Dellinger, A. M. ve Naumann, R. B. (2011). The intersection of road traffic safety and public health. Içinde B. E. Porter (Ed.), Handbook of traffic psychology (ss. 457-470). Academic Press.
  • Smits, E. J., Gane, E. M., Brakenridge, C. L., Andrews, N. E. ve Johnston, V. (2020). Expert consensus and perspectives on recovery following road traffic crashes: A Delphi study. Disability and Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2020.1855677
  • Thompson, J., O’Donnell, M., Stafford, L., Nordfjaern, T. ve Berk, M. (2014). Association between attributions of responsibility for motor vehicle crashes, depressive symptoms, and return to work. Rehabilitation Psychology, 59(4), 376-385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rep0000012
  • Trafik Kaza İstatistikleri, 2020. (2021, 1 Haziran). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Haber Bülteni, 37436. Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Karayolu-Trafik-Kaza-Istatistikleri-2020-37436
  • Wang, Y., Wang, J. ve Liu, X. (2012). Posttraumatic growth of injured patients after motor vehicle accidents: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of Health Psychology, 17(2), 297-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105311410511
  • Wu, K. K., Leung, P. W. L., Cho, V. W. ve Law, L. S. C. (2016). Posttraumatic growth after motor vehicle crashes. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 23, 181-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-016-9456-9
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bilgesu Kaçan-bibican 0000-0001-6139-0944

Gizem Fındık 0000-0001-8245-6324

Bahar Öz 0000-0001-5440-0948

Publication Date September 30, 2023
Submission Date March 9, 2023
Acceptance Date September 11, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kaçan-bibican, B., Fındık, G., & Öz, B. (2023). Trafik Kazazedelerinin Deneyimlerinin İncelenmesi: Ölümün Kıyısında, Yaşamın Derinliğine Bir Bakış. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(3), 489-516. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1262910