Kadmiyum Toksisitesinin Ekmeklik Buğday Çeşitlerinin Tane Sterol Konsantrasyonlarına Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Araştırmada, sera koşullarında üç farklı (Yunus, Osmaniyem ve Ceyhan-99) ekmeklik buğday çeşidine toksik kadmiyum (Cd) uygulamasının tane campesterol, stigmasterol ve β-sitosterol düzeylerine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Materyal ve Yöntem: Tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre gerçekleştirilen çalışmada topraktan 0 ve 20 mg kg-1 Cd uygulaması yapılmıştır. Bitkiler tane olgunluk döneminde hasat edilmiş ve bu örneklerde bitki ve tane verimi ile tane Cd, N, P, K, Zn, Fe, campesterol, stigmasterol ve β-sitosterol konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma Bulguları: Araştırma sonucunda toprağa toksik Cd uygulaması ile üç farklı ekmekli buğday çeşidinin kuru madde verimi ile tane veriminde istatiksel olarak önemli (P<0.05) azalmalar meydana gelmiştir. Çeşitler arasında tane veriminde en fazla azalma Osmaniyem (%17.8 azalma), en az azalma ise Yunus (%8.1 azalma) çeşitinde olmuştur. Toprağa Cd uygulaması ile üç ekmeklik buğday çeşitininde Cd konsantrasyonları önemli düzeyde (P<0.05) artmış, buna karşın tane campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol konsantrasyonları ile besin elementleri (N, P, K, Zn ve Fe) konsantrasyonları azalmıştır. Tane Cd konsantrasyonunun artması ile çeşitlerin ortalama campesterol, stigmasterol ve β-sitosterol konsantrasyonlarında sırası ile %28.6, % 13.6 ve %20 düzeylerinde azalma meydana gelmiştir. Sonuç: Sonuçlar toksik Cd uygulaması ile ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin sterol konsantrasyonlarında önemli düzeyde azalmaya neden olduğu ve çeşitler arasında Cd toksisitesine karşı Yunus çeşidinin toleranslı, Osmaniyem çeşidinin ise hassas olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kadmiyum
• campesterol
• stigmasterol
• β-sitosterol
• verim
• buğday

The Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Grain Sterol Concentrations of Bread Wheat Varieties

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of toxic cadmium (Cd) applications on grain campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol concentrations on three different (Yunus, Osmaniyem and Ceyhan-99) bread wheat cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Materials and Methods: In the study, which was carried out according to the randomized plots experiment design, 0 and 20 mg kg-1 Cd were applied from the soil. Plants were harvested during the grain maturity period and plant and grain yield and grain Cd, N, P, K, Zn, Fe, campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol concentrations were determined in these samples. Results: As a result of the research, statistically significant (P<0.05) decreases occurred in plant yield and grain yield of three different bread wheat varieties with the application of toxic Cd to the soil. Among the cultivars, the highest decrease in grain yield was in Osmaniyem (17.8% decrease), and the least decrease was in Yunus (8.1% decrease). With Cd application to the soil, Cd concentrations increased significantly (P<0.05) in three bread wheat cultivars, whereas grain campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol concentrations and nutrient elements (N, P, K, Zn and Fe) concentrations decreased. With the increase in grain Cd concentration, the average campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol concentrations of the cultivars decreased by 28.6%, 13.6% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: The results revealed that toxic Cd application caused a significant decrease in sterol concentrations of bread wheat cultivars and Yunus cultivar was tolerant and Osmaniyem cultivar sensitive to Cd toxicity among cultivars.

Keywords

• cadmium
• campesterol
• stigmasterol
• β-sitosterol
• yield
• wheat

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