Genetic, Yield and Quality Variations of Samsun Tobacco Are Still Continuing In Production Areas

Abstract

Objective: The production of quality type tobacco in the Samsun region is made with landrace, lines, or ecotypes. These genotypes contain significant variations in yield and quality. The aim of this research is to determine the variation in the landraces used in tobacco production in the region. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight lines were collected from tobacco production areas in Samsun region. Genetic variations were determined with eight SSR markers. The nineteen lines, standards Bafra and Canik 190/5 were evaluated in commonly tobacco production fields of Samsun-Bafra in 2018-2019. Results: SSR marker data revealed 19 different lines. The difference in at least one allele of an SSR markers (67% of the lines) shows that the variation is relatively high in Samsun tobacco. Dry leaf yield of the lines varied between 1266-2199 kg ha-1, yield 43-70%, and gross income 3474-6802 $ ha-1. The nicotine ratio of the lines was between 0.76-1.16%, the reducing sugar ratio was between 6.7-14.2% and the phenolic compounds was between 44.8-938.7 ppm. Lines S4, S5 and S9 had higher Dry leaf yield than standard lines commonly used in Samsun region. There was wide variation in reducing sugar ratio in chemical characters and yield for all characters. Conclusion: For the sustainability of quality Samsun tobacco, Lines S4, S5 and S14 were selected for the further field trials due to their yield and good quality. The use of these lines in production will increase the homogeneity of tobacco products and increase income.

Keywords

• Microsatellite
• Nicotiana tabacum L.
• nicotine
• oriental
• phenolics

Samsun Tütünlerinin Genetik, Verim ve Kalite Varyasyonları Üretim Alanlarında Hala Devam Ediyor

Öz

Amaç: Samsun bölgesi kalite tipi tütünlerin üretimi yerel çeşit, hat ya da ekotiplerle yapılmaktadır. Bu genotipler verim ve kalite bakımından önemli varyasyonlar içermektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı bölgedeki tütün üretiminde kullanılan genotiplerindeki varyasyonun belirlenmesidir. Materyal ve Yöntem: Samsun bölgesi tütün üretim alanlarından toplanan 28 tütün hattındaki genetik varyasyon sekiz SSR markörü ile incelenmiştir. Bu hatlar ile Bafra ve Canik 190/5 standart çeşitlerinin 2018-2019 yıllarında tütün tarımının yaygın yapıldığı Samsun-Bafra’da tarla denemelerinde verim ve kalite performansları belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: SSR markör verileri genetik olarak 19 farklı hattı ortaya çıkarmıştır. Hatların %67’sinin en az bir allel bakımından farklılık belirlenmesi Samsun tütünlerinde varyasyonların yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Hatların kuru yaprak verimleri 1266-2199 kg ha-1, randımanı %43-70, brüt geliri 3474-6802 $ ha-1 arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Hatların nikotin oranının %0.76-1.16, indirgen şeker oranının %6.7-14.2 ve fenolik bileşiklerin 44.8-938.7 ppm arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hatlardan S4, S5 ve S9’un Samsun bölgesinde yaygın kullanılan standart hatlardan daha yüksek yaprak verimine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tüm karakterler bakımından verim ve kimyasal karakterler içerisinde indirgen şeker oranında geniş bir varyasyon saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Kaliteli Samsun tütünlerinin sürdürülebilirliği için verimi ve iyi kalite göstergelerinden dolayı özellikle S4, S5 ve S14 hatları sonraki tarla denemeleri için seçilmiştir. Bu hatların üretimde kullanımı ile tütün ürünlerinin homojenliğini ve gelir artışın sağlanacağı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fenoller
• mikrosatelit
• Nicotiana tabacum L.
• nikotin
• oryantal

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