Tarımsal Endüstriyel Atıklardan Üretilen Kompostun Zambak Yetiştiriciliğinde Alternatif Olarak Kullanım Olanakları

Öz

Amaç: Topraksız tarım süs bitkileri yetiştiriciliğinde tercih edilen yeni yöntemlerden bir tanesidir. Söz konusu tarımda kullanılan yetiştirme ortamlarının özellikleri yanında organik veya inorganik substrat oranları oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, bir gıda işleme fabrikasından temin edilmiş olan üzüm posası kompostlama işlemine tabi tutulmuş ve elde edilen kompost yetiştirme ortamına ilave edilerek “Siberia” kesme zambak çeşidinin yetiştiriciliğine etkileri incelenmiştir. Materyal ve Yöntem: Kompostlama işlemi öncesi 8 ton üzüm posası, 1 ton ahır gübresi, 12 kg'lık 8 adet saman balyası, 40 kg kireç ve 4 kg üre kullanılmıştır. Yaklaşık 3.5 ay sonra kompost kullanılabilir hale gelmiştir. Hazır hale gelen kompost yetiştirme ortamlarına %20 ve %40 oranında eklenmiştir. Ayrıca bitkilere farklı EC seviyelerinde kimyasal gübreleme (EC 0.75 dS m-1, EC 1.10 dS m-1 ve EC 1.90 dS m-1) yapılmıştır. Farklı kompost oranları ve farklı EC seviyelerinin “Siberia” kesme zambak çeşidinin büyümesi, çiçeklenmesi ve vazo ömrüne etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca çeşidin yapraklarındaki alınabilir makro ve mikro element içerikleri de belirlenmiştir. Araştırma Bulguları: Uygulamalar sonucunda en yüksek dal ağırlığı (135.06 g) kompost içermeyen (%0) ve EC seviyesinin 1.10 dS m-1 olduğu ortamdan; en yüksek bitki boyu (89.58 cm) %20 kompost içeren ve EC seviyesinin 1.90 dS m-1 olduğu ortamdan; en fazla kandil sayısı (6.95 adet/bitki) %20 oranında kompost içeren ve en uzun vazo ömrü (14.14 gün) %40 kompost içeren ve EC düzeyinin 0.75 dS m-1 olduğu ortamdan elde edilmiştir. Sonuç: Zambak yetiştiriciliğinde gübreleme istenmekle birlikte, EC değerinin 2.0 dS m-1'yi aşmaması gerektiği belirtilmektedir. Çalışmada, kompost uygulamalarının artmasıyla gübreleme seviyelerinin de artmasının, bitki gelişimini olumsuz etkilediği, bu durumun kompostun yüksek EC içeriğiyle ilişkili olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Kompost kullanım oranları genellikle %0 (kontrol) ile %20 arasında değişmekte; bu oranların üzerine çıkıldığında, beklenen sonuçlar elde edilememiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lilium
• Kesme Çiçek
• topraksız tarım
• gübreleme
• atık yönetimi
• sürdürülebilirlik

Investigation of the Possibilities of Using Compost Produced from Agricultural Industrial Wastes as an Alternative in Soilless Cut Lily Cultivation

Abstract

Objective: Soilless agriculture is one of the new methods preferred in ornamental plant cultivation. Organic or inorganic substrate ratios are very important as well as the properties of the growing media used in this agriculture. In this study, grape pomace obtained from a food processing factory was subjected to a composting process in order to create a new organic growing medium, and the effects of the obtained compost on the cultivation of the ‘Siberia’ cut lily variety were examined. Material and Method: Before the composting process, 8 tonnes of grape pomace, 1 tonne of barnyard manure, 8 straw bales of 12 kg, 40 kg of lime, and 4 kg of urea were used. The compost became usable after about 3.5 months. The ready compost was added to the growing media at the rate of 20% and 40%. In addition, chemical fertilization was applied to the plants at different EC levels (EC 0.75 dS m-1, EC 1.10 dS m-1, and EC 1.90 dS m-1). The effects of different compost rates and different EC levels on the growth, flowering, and vase life of the ‘Siberia’ cut lily cultivar were investigated. The available macro and micro element contents in the leaves of the cultivar were also determined. Results: As a result, the highest branch weight (135.06 g) was obtained from the medium with no compost (0%) and an EC level of 1.10 dS m-1; The highest plant height (89.58 cm) was obtained from the medium containing 20% compost and an EC level of 1.90 dS m-1; the highest number of lamps (6.95 pieces/plant) was obtained from the application of 20% compost plus bacteria, and the longest vase life (14.14 days) was obtained from the medium containing 40% compost and an EC level of 0.75 dS m-1. Conclusion: Although fertilization is desired in lily cultivation, it is stated that the EC value should not exceed 2.0 dS m-1. In the study, it was emphasized that the increase in fertilization levels with the increase in compost applications negatively affected plant growth, and this was related to the high EC content of compost. Compost utilization rates generally varied between 0% (control) and 20%; when these rates were exceeded, the expected results could not be obtained.

Keywords

• Lilium
• Cut flower
• soilless agriculture
• fertilization
• waste management
• sustainability

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