Research Article

Investigation of the Use of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Greenhouse Conditions

Volume: 14 Number: 2 December 29, 2025
EN TR

Investigation of the Use of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Greenhouse Conditions

Abstract

Objective: Despite the known benefits of honey bees, their use in greenhouse agriculture in Türkiye remains limited. In this study, the effectiveness of colonies formed from small populations placed in specially designed hives was investigated within the greenhouse environment. Materials and Methods: A hive box with dimensions of 30x25x19 cm and flight holes on both sides was used. This hive was fitted with five custom-sized frames measuring 33×15 cm. A small colony was established with two frames containing adult worker bees (around 300–400 workers) and a queen. The hive entrances, which could be easily opened or closed with a sliding mechanism, allowed control of flight direction either toward the greenhouse interior or the outside environment. Before the flowering period in the greenhouse, the hive was placed next to a ventilation window, at the same height, with one flight entrance facing the outside and the other directed into the greenhouse. To avoid disturbing producers working in the greenhouse, the configuration was reversed the evening before work: the greenhouse-facing entrance was closed and the outside-facing entrance was opened to send the bees toward outdoor flora. After the workday, the setup was switched back. For the experiment, specific flowers on selected plants at three different points in the greenhouse were marked. Bee visitation counts were recorded on these flowers, and colony strength was assessed through the number of bee-covered frames and brood production activity. Results: The relative humidity inside the hive placed in the greenhouse varied between 64% and 77%, consistently remaining lower than the ambient humidity of the greenhouse itself. Hive temperature fluctuated between 20.3°C and 31.7°C. The initial brood area, which measured 204 cm² at the beginning of the study, increased by 57% after 21 days and by 101% after 42 days. Observations on cucumber flowers revealed that the highest bee visitation rate occurred during morning hours. On average, 3.71 visits were recorded within five minutes on five cucumber flowers during morning periods, while the overall daily mean was approximately 2.42 visits. Conclusion: These findings indicate that honey bees can operate effectively within greenhouses when introduced under controlled conditions using specially designed hives. However, considering the natural behavior of bees, the saying “there is no stingless bee” remains relevant. Therefore, it is crucial that individuals working inside the greenhouse do not suffer from bee allergies, and that colonies with a low tendency toward aggression are selected to minimize risk.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

arıcılık araştırma enstirüsü

Project Number

özel çalışma

References

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  6. Durmuş, İ., & Güler, A., 2000. Kafkas Arısının (Apis mellifera caucasica G.) Bazı Biyolojik ve Davranış Özellikleri. Ondokuzmayıs Üniv. Zir. Fak. Dergisi. Samsun, 15(3), 105-111.
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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Population Ecology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 29, 2025

Submission Date

May 8, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 1, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 14 Number: 2

APA
Kuvancı, A., Ayvaz Baykal, G., Öz, V., & Cınbırtoğlu, Ş. (2025). Sera Koşullarında Bal Arılarının (Apis mellifera L.) Kullanım Olanaklarının Araştırılması. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 14(2), 297-303. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1695231