Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Yield and Quality of Edible Grapevine Leaves (Vitis vinifera L.)

Rüstem Cangi; Fuat Yılmaz; Halil Erdem; Adnan Doğan

doi:10.29278/azd.1932581

TR EN

Yaprak Gübresi Uygulamalarının Yemeklik Asma Yaprağının (Vitis vinifera L.) Verim ve Kalitesine Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, yemeklik yaprak üretimi amacıyla yetiştirilen Narince üzüm çeşidinde yaprak gübresi uygulamalarının (YGU) yemeklik yaprak verimi ve yaprakların fizikokimyasal özelliklere etkilerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırma 110R anacına aşılı Narince üzüm çeşidine ait asmalarda yürütülmüştür. Farklı oranlarda N, P, Mn, Zn, Fe, B ve Mo içeren altı farklı yaprak gübresi, sürgünlerin 15 cm olduğu dönem ve çiçeklenme başlangıcında olmak üzere iki kez uygulanmıştır. Kontrol uygulamasında sadece distile su kullanılmıştır. Beş farklı dönemde hasat edilen yapraklarda; yaprak verimi, yaprak ağırlığı, yaprak alanı, suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM), toplam asitlik, pH ve yaprak rengi parametreleri (L, a, b*) belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bir yaşlı dal çapı, dal boyu ve boğum sayısı ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Yaprak gübre uygulamaları yaprak verimi, yaprak ağırlığı, ortalama yaprak alanı ile yaprak rengi parametrelerinden L, a ve b* değerleri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklara yol açmıştır. En yüksek toplam yaprak verimi YGU-5 (1652.6 g/omca) ve YGU-6 (1627.0 g/omca) uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. YGU-5 uygulaması, kontrol uygulamasına kıyasla yaklaşık %17 oranında bir verim artışı sağlamıştır. En yüksek ortalama yaprak alanı YGU-4 uygulamasında (198.3 cm²) belirlenmiştir. Yaprak gübreleri, bir yaşlı dal çapı ve boyu gibi vejetatif gelişim parametrelerini olumlu yönde etkilemiştir. Buna karşın, yaprak gübresi uygulamalarının taze yapraklarda SÇKM, toplam asitlik ve pH değerleri üzerine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi belirlenmemiştir. Sonuç: Yemeklik yaprak yetiştiriciliği yapılan bağlarda, özellikle YGU-5 (%10 Organik Madde, %5 Toplam N, %40 P₂O₅ ve Zn içeren) ve YGU-6 (%9 Toplam N, %5 P₂O₅, %40 K₂O, B, Fe, Mn ve Zn içeren) gübreleri olmak üzere, uygun doz ve zamanlamayla (çiçeklenme öncesi ve başlangıcı) yapılacak yaprak gübrelemesinin verim ve vejetatif gelişimi teşvik ettiği, kalite parametrelerini olumsuz etkilemediği belirlenmiştir. Benzer ekolojik koşullardaki üreticilere, uygulama zamanı ve uygulama-hasat aralığına (ilk uygulamadan 14 gün, ikinci uygulamadan 9 gün sonra) dikkat etmeleri önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Narince çeşidi, yaprak gübrelemesi, yaprak verimi, fosfor, çinko

Supporting Institution

Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Projeleri Koordinasyon birimi

Project Number

2023/33

Ethical Statement

yok

Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Yield and Quality of Edible Grapevine Leaves (Vitis vinifera L.)

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of foliar fertilizer applications (FFA) on edible leaf yield and physicochemical properties of Narince grapevines grown for edible leaf production. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted on Narince grapevines grafted onto 110R rootstock. Six different foliar fertilizers containing varying concentrations of N, P, Mn, Zn, Fe, B, and Mo were applied twice: once when shoots reached 15 cm and again at the beginning of flowering. Only distilled water was used in the control application. Leaf yield, leaf weight, leaf area, soluble solids (SSS), total acidity, pH, and leaf color parameters (L, a, b*) were determined in leaves harvested at five different periods. Results: Foliar fertilizer applications resulted in statistically significant differences in leaf yield, leaf weight, average leaf area, and the L, a, and b* values of the leaf color parameters. The highest total leaf yield was obtained from FFA-5 (1652.6 g/vine) and YGU-6 (1627.0 g/vine) applications. FFA-5 application resulted in approximately a 17% yield increase compared to the control application. Foliar fertilizers positively affected vegetative growth parameters such as one-year-old branch diameter and height. Conclusion: In vineyards where food leaf cultivation is carried out, it has been determined that foliar fertilization, especially with FFA-5 (containing 10% Organic Matter, 5% Total N, 40% P₂O₅ and Zn) and FFA-6 (containing 9% Total N, 5% P₂O₅, 40% K₂O, B, Fe, Mn and Zn), when applied at the appropriate dose and timing (before and at the beginning of flowering), promotes yield and vegetative growth and does not negatively affect quality parameters. Producers in similar ecological conditions are advised to pay attention to the application time and application-harvest interval (14 days after the first application, 9 days after the second application).

Keywords

Narince variety, foliar fertilization, foliar yield, phosphorus, zinc

Supporting Institution

Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office

Project Number

2023/33

Ethical Statement

No

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Oenology and Viticulture

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Rüstem Cangi ^*
0000-0002-8264-9844
Türkiye

Fuat Yılmaz
0009-0002-2085-3900
Türkiye

Halil Erdem
0000-0002-3296-1549
Türkiye

Adnan Doğan
0000-0002-0349-3846
Türkiye

Publication Date

October 6, 2026

Submission Date

April 17, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 6, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 15

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1932581

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA99HA78ZG

APA

Cangi, R., Yılmaz, F., Erdem, H., & Doğan, A. (2026). Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Yield and Quality of Edible Grapevine Leaves (Vitis vinifera L.). Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 15. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1932581

AMA

1.Cangi R, Yılmaz F, Erdem H, Doğan A. Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Yield and Quality of Edible Grapevine Leaves (Vitis vinifera L.). Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 2026;15. doi:10.29278/azd.1932581

Chicago

Cangi, Rüstem, Fuat Yılmaz, Halil Erdem, and Adnan Doğan. 2026. “Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Yield and Quality of Edible Grapevine Leaves (Vitis Vinifera L.)”. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 15 (October). https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1932581.

EndNote

Cangi R, Yılmaz F, Erdem H, Doğan A (October 1, 2026) Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Yield and Quality of Edible Grapevine Leaves (Vitis vinifera L.). Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 15

IEEE

[1]R. Cangi, F. Yılmaz, H. Erdem, and A. Doğan, “Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Yield and Quality of Edible Grapevine Leaves (Vitis vinifera L.)”, Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, vol. 15, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.29278/azd.1932581.

ISNAD

Cangi, Rüstem - Yılmaz, Fuat - Erdem, Halil - Doğan, Adnan. “Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Yield and Quality of Edible Grapevine Leaves (Vitis Vinifera L.)”. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 15 (October 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1932581.

JAMA

1.Cangi R, Yılmaz F, Erdem H, Doğan A. Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Yield and Quality of Edible Grapevine Leaves (Vitis vinifera L.). Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 2026;15. doi:10.29278/azd.1932581.

MLA

Cangi, Rüstem, et al. “Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Yield and Quality of Edible Grapevine Leaves (Vitis Vinifera L.)”. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, vol. 15, Oct. 2026, doi:10.29278/azd.1932581.

Vancouver

1.Rüstem Cangi, Fuat Yılmaz, Halil Erdem, Adnan Doğan. Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Yield and Quality of Edible Grapevine Leaves (Vitis vinifera L.). Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 2026 Oct. 1;15. doi:10.29278/azd.1932581

Aim & Scope

The Academic Journal of Agriculture is a continuous, international, peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, and is indexed in CAB Abstracts, TR-Dizin (ULAKBİM), and EBSCO.

The journal publishes articles in the fields of agricultural sciences and related disciplines, aiming to disseminate scientific knowledge and significant research findings to a wide audience of readers.

Manuscripts written in English, primarily presenting original research results, may be published in the journal.
Manuscripts submitted to the journal should be within the scope of agricultural sciences and related fields, including but not limited to plant physiology, breeding and genetics, cultivation techniques, biotechnology; horticultural crops, field crops; animal science, physiology, breeding and genetics, biotechnology; plant protection; soil science and plant nutrition; food science, technology, microbiology, preservation, and safety; sustainable agricultural systems such as organic farming and good agricultural practices; greenhouse production, irrigation, agricultural structures, agricultural cytology, and related disciplines.
Manuscripts derived from postgraduate theses or from projects supported by institutions such as TÜBİTAK, DPT, or BAP must be prepared after obtaining the necessary permissions from the relevant authorities, and this information must be clearly stated in a footnote. Likewise, if the manuscript has previously been presented at a congress, symposium, or similar scientific meeting and published in abstract form, this must also be indicated in a footnote. No copyright or publication fee is paid to the authors. One printed copy of the issue containing the article and a PDF version of the published article will be sent to the corresponding author.
Manuscripts submitted for publication must not have been previously published in another journal nor be under consideration elsewhere, and must be deemed suitable for publication. All submissions are evaluated in terms of content, compliance with writing guidelines, and similarity rate before being sent for scientific review. The Editorial Board reserves the right to accept or reject manuscripts after receiving evaluations from at least two referees who are experts in the relevant field.
The authors are solely responsible for the scientific content, results, and ethical compliance of the published manuscripts. The Faculty of Agriculture, the Editor, and the Editorial Board assume no Responsibility for the published information.
Manuscripts must be prepared in accordance with the principles of scientific ethics, and if required, a copy of the Ethics Committee Approval Report must be submitted.

Author Guidelines

Manuscript Preparation Guidelines for the Journal of Academic Agriculture

As of 2026, manuscripts submitted to the journal must be prepared in English.

Research article: maximum 7000 words. (Submission is open for this article type)

Research note: The editor may consider manuscripts submitted as Research Articles for publication as Research Notes. This may be done after submission, subject to the author’s approval.
Review articles: maximum 13000 words. (Review articles are published on an invitation basis and should be prepared by scientists with expertise in the relevant field. Authors are advised to contact the editor before submitting a review article)

Throughout the entire manuscript, double line spacing, 2.5 cm margins on the right, left, top, and bottom, and Arial (12-point) font must be used.

Continuous line numbering must be applied throughout the entire manuscript.

In addition, all headings and paragraphs must be written without indentation and justified on both sides.

The title of the manuscript and subheadings must be written with the first letter of each word capitalized, in bold, and left-aligned.

For manuscripts that have previously been presented as oral or poster abstracts at congresses, symposia, etc.; or that include findings from postgraduate theses or projects supported by institutions such as TÜBİTAK, DPT, BAP, this situation must be indicated by adding a superscript (*) to the manuscript title. The explanation must be written in normal font and left-aligned after the author names and address information.

Author(s): Author names must be written left-aligned, without using titles, with given names in lowercase letters and surnames in uppercase letters.

For author addresses, a superscript number must be placed over the surnames. Full addresses must be written in normal font and left-aligned immediately below the author(s) information.
Example: Name SURNAME¹

Corresponding Author: Below the address information, the name must be written left-aligned, with the given name in lowercase letters and the surname in uppercase letters, and the e-mail address must be indicated.
Example: Name SURNAME, e-mail: name@mail.edu.tr

The submitted research article must consist of the following sections:

- English title

- English abstract (Should not exceed 250 words and abstract must include; Objective: The purpose of the research should be clearly stated. Materials and Methods: The information about material, data collection method, analysis techniques, statistics etc. used in the research should be given briefly. Results: The main findings regarding the research objectives / questions should be given. Conclusion: The main conclusion and suggestions regarding the research objectives/questions should be given.)

- English keywords (Keywords)

- Turkish title of the manuscript

- Turkish abstract (Should not exceed 250 words and Turkish Abstract must include; Objective: The purpose of the research should be clearly stated. Materials and Methods: The information about material, data collection method, analysis techniques, statistics etc. used in the research should be given briefly. Results: The main findings regarding the research objectives / questions should be given. Conclusion: The main conclusion and suggestions regarding the research objectives/questions should be given.)

- Turkish keywords

English text: Introduction, Material and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgements (if necessary), Authors’ Contributions, References

Before the References section, the manuscript should include the following statements: Conflict of Interest (If there is a conflict of interest, please specify it. If not, state: “The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest among the authors.”), Author Contributions (The contributions of each author to the study should be clearly stated, and the initials of the authors’ first and last names should be used. Example: GD: Contributed to the … stages of the research.), Funding and Acknowledgements, if applicable.

Figures: All figures, images, graphs, maps, photographs, and similar materials included in the manuscript must be referred to as “Figure.” If deemed necessary, high-resolution versions of the figures may be requested by the journal.

Tables: Charts and tables must be referred to as “Table.”

Each figure and table must be placed in the appropriate location within the manuscript.

In-text citation must be made in the following format:
Surname, (2020) Surname1 and Surname2, (2020) Surname et al., (2020) etc.

End-of-text references must be made in the following format:
(Surname, 2020) (Surname1 and Surname2, 2020; Surname et al., 2020) etc.

Reference Style of the Journal of Academic Agriculture

Citation Examples

Journal Articles

Journal article: Single author
In-text citation: (Grady, 2019)
Grady, J. S. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

Journal article: Two authors
In-text citation: (Rybaczewska & Sparks, 2005)
Rybaczewska, M., & Sparks, L. (2022). Ageing consumers and e-commerce activities. Ageing and Society, 42(8), 1879–1898. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X20001932

Journal article: Three or more authors
In-text citation: (Grady et al., 2019)
Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

Journal article: With article number (no page numbers)
Schlesselmann, A. J., McNally, R. J., & Held, P. (2025). Using network analysis to characterize clinical improvement during cognitive processing therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 185, Article 104678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104678

Books

Book: Single author
Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

Book: Two authors
Svendsen, S., & Løber, L. (2020). The big picture/Academic writing: The one-hour guide (3rd digital ed.). Hans Reitzel Forlag. https://thebigpicture-academicwriting.digi.hansreitzel.dk/

Book: Single editor
Kesharwani, P. (Ed.). (2020). Nanotechnology based approaches for tuberculosis treatment. Academic Press.

Book: Two or more editors
Torino, G. C., Rivera, D. P., Capodilupo, C. M., Nadal, K. L., & Sue, D. W. (Eds.). (2019). Microaggression theory: Influence and implications. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119466642

Printed Book Chapters

Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115–129). Routledge.

Aron, L., Botella, M., & Lubart, T. (2019). Culinary arts: Talent and their development. In R. F. Subotnik, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, & F. C. Worrell (Eds.), The psychology of high performance: Developing human potential into domain-specific talent (pp. 345–359). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000120-016

Dictionary / Encyclopedia Entries

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Just-world hypothesis. In APA dictionary of psychology. Retrieved January 18, 2020, from https://dictionary.apa.org/just-world-hypothesis

Books Without an Author

In-text citation: (The Australian Oxford Dictionary, 1999)
The Australian Oxford dictionary (3rd ed.). (1999). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

Books with an Institutional Author

In-text citation: (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2000)
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2000). Population by age and sex, New South Wales, 30 June 2000 (ABS Cat. no. 3235.1). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Author.

Conference Proceedings

Conference papers published in journals
Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., & Matthews, M. D. (2019). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 116(47), 23499–23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116

Conference paper published in a proceedings book
Bedenel, A.-L., Jourdan, L., & Biernacki, C. (2019). Probability estimation by an adapted genetic algorithm in web insurance. In R. Battiti, M. Brunato, I. Kotsireas, & P. Pardalos (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 11353. Learning and intelligent optimization (pp. 225–240). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05348-2_21

Theses

Unpublished thesis
Harris, L. (2014). Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary school leaders [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Virginia.

Published thesis
Kabir, J. M. (2016). Factors influencing customer satisfaction at a fast food hamburger chain: The relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty (Publication No. 10169573) [Doctoral dissertation, Wilmington University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

Web Sources

Web page: With author
Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies. HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horror-movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e

Organization as author
In-text citation: (World Health Organization, 2018)
World Health Organization. (2018, May 24). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

Web page: No date
In-text citation: (U.S. Census Bureau, n.d.)
U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. and world population clock. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://www.census.gov/popclock/

Ethical Principles and Publication Policy

The journal adheres to the ethical principles, standards, and guidelines published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All stakeholders involved in the publication process, including authors, reviewers, editors, and the publisher, are expected to comply with these ethical standards in order to ensure transparency, integrity, and academic quality in scientific publishing.
Submitted manuscripts must be original works that have not been previously published and are not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All forms of unethical publishing practices, including plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, duplicate publication, inappropriate authorship, and undisclosed conflicts of interest, are strictly prohibited. Manuscripts are screened for similarity using appropriate plagiarism detection software, and any ethical misconduct identified at any stage of the publication process will be handled in accordance with COPE procedures.
Authors are responsible for ensuring that their studies are conducted in compliance with ethical standards. Where required, approval from an authorized Ethics Committee must be obtained prior to conducting the research, and relevant approval documents must be submitted with the manuscript. Authors must also clearly disclose any financial or institutional support and potential conflicts of interest related to the submitted work.
The peer-review process is conducted in a fair, impartial, and confidential manner. Reviewers are expected to evaluate manuscripts objectively, maintain confidentiality, and declare any conflicts of interest that may affect their assessments. Editorial decisions are based solely on the scientific merit, originality, relevance to the journal’s scope, and compliance with ethical and publication standards.
In cases of alleged or confirmed ethical misconduct, the journal follows COPE flowcharts and recommendations to investigate the issue and take appropriate actions, which may include manuscript rejection, retraction, or notification of the relevant institutions.

Article Withdrawal and Retraction Policy
Published articles may be withdrawn or retracted in cases where serious scientific or ethical errors are identified, such as data fabrication or falsification, plagiarism, duplicate publication, ethical violations, or other similar issues. Retractions are conducted in accordance with the principles and procedures established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
The decision to retract is made after consultation with the editors, editorial board, and, when necessary, the authors and relevant institutions. Retracted articles remain accessible in the journal archive, but all pages of the article are clearly marked with “Retracted”, and the reason for retraction is transparently published.
In cases where the integrity of the work is affected but full retraction is not required, a correction or an editorial expression of concern may be issued.