Rootstock influences on photosynthetic performance of young ‘Interdonato’ trees grown in calcareous soil

Öz

Tree nutrient imbalances stimulated by iron (Fe) deficiency in calcareous soils often affect citrus trees grown in the Mediterranean basin. Rootstock choice can help with nutritional imbalances along with abiotic management issues. The present study evaluated the growth and photosynthetic performances of young ‘Interdonato’ trees grafted on ‘Alemow’, ‘Bitters’, ‘Carpenter’, Carrizo’, ‘Furr’, ‘sour orange’, ‘US812’, ‘Volkameriana’ and ‘X639’ grown in calcareous soils in Mediterranean region of Turkey. Plant growth of the scion budded on Alemow, sour orange and Volkameriana was significantly higher than those grafted on other rootstocks. Bitters produced significantly smaller trees than Alemow, sour orange and Volkameriana. In addition, scion grafted on sour orange (0.99) had the highest compatibility. Rootstocks affected leaf chlorophyll concentration and PSII efficiency. Leaves of ‘Interdonato’ budded on Carrizo citrange displayed a significant decrease in photosynthetic rate (P_N), stomatal conductance and PSII efficiency when compared to other rootstocks evaluated in this study. Young Interdonato trees budded on to Bitters rootstock had significantly higher P_N in comparison to Carpenter, Furr and Carrizo citrange in calcareous soil.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turunçgil,klorofil konsantrasyonu,net fotosentez oranı,klorofil ışıma verimliliği

Rootstock influences on photosynthetic performance of young ‘Interdonato’ trees grown in calcareous soil

Abstract

Tree nutrient imbalances stimulated by iron (Fe) deficiency in calcareous soils often affect citrus trees grown in the Mediterranean basin. Rootstock choice can help with nutritional imbalances along with abiotic management issues. The present study evaluated the growth and photosynthetic performances of young ‘Interdonato’ trees grafted on ‘Alemow’, ‘Bitters’, ‘Carpenter’, Carrizo’, ‘Furr’, ‘sour orange’, ‘US812’, ‘Volkameriana’ and ‘X639’ grown in calcareous soils in Mediterranean region of Turkey. Plant growth of the scion budded on Alemow, sour orange and Volkameriana was significantly higher than those grafted on other rootstocks. Bitters produced significantly smaller trees than Alemow, sour orange and Volkameriana. In addition, scion grafted on sour orange (0.99) had the highest compatibility Rootstocks affected leaf chlorophyll concentration and PSII efficiency. Leaves of ‘Interdonato’ budded on Carrizo citrange displayed a significant decrease in photosynthetic rate (P_N), stomatal conductance and PSII efficiency when compared to other rootstocks evaluated in this study. Young Interdonato trees budded on to Bitters rootstock had significantly higher P_N in comparison to Carpenter, Furr and Carrizo citrange in calcareous soil.

Keywords

• Citrus,chlorophyll concentration,net photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll fluorescence

References

1. Ahmadi, A., Siosemardeh, A. 2005. Investigation on the Physiological Basis of Grain Yield and Drought Resistance in Wheat: Leaf Photosynthetic Rate, Stomatal Conductance, and Non-stomatal Limitations. 7 (5): 5.
2. Bassal, M.A. 2009. Growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Marisol’ clementine grown on four rootstocks in Egypt. Scientia Horticulturae 119 (2): 132–137.
3. Bavaresco, L., Bertamini, M., Iacono, F. 2006. Lime-induced chlorosis and physiological responses in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot blanc) leaves. Vitis -Geilweilerhof 45 (1): 45–46.
4. Bisio, L., Vignale, B., Carrau, F., Diez JC. 2003. Evaluation of nine rootstocks for ‘Owari’ Satsuma mandarin in Uruguay. Proc Int Soc Citriculture, IX Congress 1: 479–481. Bowman, K.D., Rouse, R.E. 2006. US-812 Citrus Rootstock. HortScience 41 (3): 832–836.
5. Brodribb, T.J., Holbrook, N.M. 2003. Stomatal Closure during Leaf Dehydration, Correlation with Other Leaf Physiological Traits. Plant Physiology 132 (4): 2166–2173.
6. Byrne, D.H. (Texas A.U., Rouse, R.E., Sudahono. 1995. Tolerance of citrus rootstocks to lime-induced iron chlorosis. Subtropical plant science : journal of the Rio Grande Valley Horticultural Society (USA).
7. Castle, W.S., Nunnallee, J., Manthey, J.A. 2009. Screening Citrus Rootstocks and Related Selections in Soil and Solution Culture for Tolerance to Low-iron Stress. HortScience 44 (3): 638–645.
8. Chouliaras, V., Therios, I., Molassiotis, A., Patakas, A., Diamantidis, G. 2005. Effect of Iron Deficiency on Gas Exchange and Catalase and Peroxidase Activity in Citrus. Journal of Plant Nutrition 27 (12): 2085–2099.

9. Cimen, B., Yesiloglu, T. 2016. Rootstock Breeding for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Citrus. Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants - Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Cimen, B., Yesiloglu, T., Incesu, M., Yilmaz, B. 2014. Growth and photosynthetic response of young ‘Navelina’ trees budded on to eight citrus rootstocks in response to iron deficiency. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 42 (3): 170–182.
10. Eichert, T., Peguero-Pina, J.J., Gil-Pelegrín, E., Heredia, A., Fernández, V. 2010. Effects of iron chlorosis and iron resupply on leaf xylem architecture, water relations, gas exchange and stomatal performance of field-grown peach (Prunus persica). Physiologia Plantarum 138 (1): 48–59.
11. FAO. 2019. ‘FAOSTAT’ Online at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (accessed 8 April 2019).
12. Federici, C.T., Kupper, R.S., Roose, M.L. 2009. ‘“Bitters”, “Carpenter” and “Furr” Trifoliate Hybrids: Three New Citrus Rootstocks’ Online at https://plantbiology.ucr.edu/faculty/new%20citrus%20rootstocks%202009.pdf.
13. Fernández, V., Del Río, V., Abadía, J., Abadía, A. 2006. Foliar Iron Fertilization of Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch): Effects of Iron Compounds, Surfactants and Other Adjuvants. Plant and Soil 289 (1): 239–252.
14. Forner-Giner, M.A., Alcaide, A., Primo-Millo, E., Forner, J.B. 2003. Performance of ‘Navelina’ orange on 14 rootstocks in Northern Valencia (Spain). Scientia Horticulturae 98 (3): 223–232.
15. González-Mas, M.C., Llosa, M.J., Quijano, A., Forner-Giner, M.A. 2009. Rootstock Effects on Leaf Photosynthesis in ‘Navelina’ Trees Grown in Calcareous Soil. HortScience 44 (2): 280–283.
16. González-Vallejo, E.B., Morales, F., Cistué, L., Abadı́a, A., Abadı́a, J. 2000. Iron Deficiency Decreases the Fe(III)-Chelate Reducing Activity of Leaf Protoplasts. Plant Physiology 122 (2): 337–344.
17. Hamzé, M., Ryan, J., Zaabout, M. 1986. Screening of citrus rootstocks for lime‐induced chlorosis tolerance. Journal of Plant Nutrition 9 (3–7): 459–469.
18. Incesu, M., Ci̇men, B., Yesi̇loglu, T., Yi̇lmaz, B. 2015. Effects Of Some Rootstocks On Photosynthetıc Performance Of Young ‘Valencıa’ Orange Trees In Calcareous Soıl. 6.
19. Jifon, J.L., Syvertsen, J.P., Whaley, E. 2005. Growth Environment and Leaf Anatomy Affect Nondestructive Estimates of Chlorophyll and Nitrogen in Citrus sp. Leaves. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130 (2): 152–158.
20. Larbi, A., Abadía, A., Abadía, J., Morales, F. 2006. Down co-regulation of light absorption, photochemistry, and carboxylation in Fe-deficient plants growing in different environments. Photosynthesis Research 89 (2): 113–126.
21. Lawlor, D.W. 1995. ‘The effects of water deficit on photosynthesis In: Environment and plant metabolisim (Smirnoff ed.)’ResearchGate. Online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284150725_The_effects_of_water_deficit_on_photosynthesis_In_Environment_and_plant_metabolisim_Smirnoff_ed (accessed 19 April 2019).
22. Legua, P., Bellver, R., Forner, J., Forner-Giner, M.A. 2011. Plant growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Lane Late’ navel orange on four citrus rootstocks. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 9 (1): 271–279.
23. López-Millán, A.F., Morales, F., Andaluz, S., Gogorcena, Y., Abadía, A., Rivas, J.D.L., Abadía, J. 2000. Responses of Sugar Beet Roots to Iron Deficiency. Changes in Carbon Assimilation and Oxygen Use. Plant Physiology 124 (2): 885–898.
24. Meinzer, F.C. 2002. Co-ordination of vapour and liquid phase water transport properties in plants. Plant, Cell & Environment 25 (2): 265–274.
25. Molassiotis, A., Tanou, G., Diamantidis, G., Patakas, A., Therios, I. 2006. Effects of 4-month Fe deficiency exposure on Fe reduction mechanism, photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant defense in two peach rootstocks differing in Fe deficiency tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology 163 (2): 176–185.
26. Morales, F., Abadía, A., Belkhodja, R., Abadía, J. 1994. Iron deficiency-induced changes in the photosynthetic pigment composition of field-grown pear (Pyrus communis L) leaves. Plant, Cell & Environment 17 (10): 1153–1160.
27. Morales, F., Belkhodja, R., Abadía, A., Abadía, J. 2000. Photosystem II efficiency and mechanisms of energy dissipation in iron-deficient, field-grown pear trees (Pyrus communis L.). Photosynthesis Research 63 (1): 9–21.
28. Nenova, V.R. 2008. Growth and photosynthesis of pea plants under different iron supply. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 31 (2): 385.
29. Pestana, M., Correia, P.J., David, M., Abadía, A., Abadía, J., Varennes, A. de. 2011. Response of five citrus rootstocks to iron deficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 174 (5): 837–846.
30. Pestana, M., Varennes, A. de, Abadía, J., Faria, E.A. 2005. Differential tolerance to iron deficiency of citrus rootstocks grown in nutrient solution. Scientia Horticulturae 104 (1): 25–36.
31. Ribeiro, R.V., Machado, E.C., Santos, M.G., Oliveira, R.F. 2009. Photosynthesis and water relations of well-watered orange plants as affected by winter and summer conditions. Photosynthetica 47 (2): 215–222.
32. Salvo, A., Bruno, M., Torre, G.L.L., Vadalà, R., Mottese, A.F., Saija, E., Mangano, V., Casale, K.E., Cicero, N., Dugo, G. 2016. Interdonato lemon from Nizza di Sicilia (Italy): chemical composition of hexane extract of lemon peel and histochemical investigation. Natural Product Research 30 (13): 1517–1525.
33. Shah, S.T., Rahman, S., Khan, N. 2016. Viability of meyer lemon over sour orange rootstock. Pure and Applied Biology 5 (2): 326–331.
34. Sperry, J.S. 2000. Hydraulic constraints on plant gas exchange. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 104 (1): 13–23.
35. UCR. 2019. ‘X639’ Online at https://citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/X639.html (accessed 22 April 2019).   Yang, C.W., Wang, P., Li, C.Y., Shi, D.C., Wang, D.L. 2008. Comparison of effects of salt and alkali stresses on the growth and photosynthesis of wheat. Photosynthetica 46 (1): 107–114.
36. Yildirim, B., Ye, T., Çimen, B. 2010. Fruit yield and quality of Santa Teresa lemon on seven rootstocks in Adana (Turkey). African Journal of Agricultural Research 5 (10): 1077–1081.