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Effects of some environmental factors on somatic cell count and milk chemical composition in cow bulk tank milk

Year 2020, , 163 - 170, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.725884

Abstract

The aim of our research was to determine the influences of some environmental factors on somatic cell count (SCC) and chemical composition of cow bulk tank milk. A total of 428 bulk tank milk samples of Brown Swiss cows were collected between January and October 2016 from family dairy farms located in Kırşehir province of Turkey. To evaluate the effect of farm scale, daily total bulk tank milk production was classified in three groups (small: <20 lt/d; medium: 20-40 lt/d and large: >40 lt/d). Also, three groups were designed according to average SCC values as low (<200x103 cells/ml), medium (200-500x103 cells/ml) and high SCC (>500x103 cells/ml). SCC was transformed according to the base of log10, because it did not show normal distribution. The results showed that sampling season was significantly affected fat content (P<0.05), logSCC, solids-not-fat (SNF), protein, lactose and pH (P<0.01). SCC was the highest in large-scale farms, while the highest fat content was determined in small-scale farms (P<0.01). Also, the lowest pH was found in large-scale farms compared to small and medium-scale farms (P<0.01). Of all bulk tank milk composition, SCC only affected fat content (P<0.05), and the lowest fat content was determined in bulk tank milk with high SCC (>500x103 cell/ml). As a result, it was concluded that season was primarily responsible among the most important environmental factor to increase bulk tank milk quality.

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

Thanks

Yok

References

  • Agabriel, C., Coulon, J. B., Marty, G., & Bonaiti, B. (1993). Changes in fat and protein concentrations in farms with high milk production. Journal of Dairy Science, 76(3), 734-741.
  • Albenzio, M., Caroprese, M., Santillo, A., Marino, R., Muscio, A., & Sevi, A. (2005). Proteolytic patterns and plasmin activity in ewes' milk as affected by somatic cell count and stage of lactation. Journal of Dairy Research, 72(1), 86-92.
  • Anonymous (2000). Turkish food codex regulation, Notification No. 2000/6 on raw and UHT milk. Official Journal, Number, 23964, 14 February 2000.
  • Chandan, R. (2006). Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks. Blackwell Publishing Lowa, USA.
  • Cinar, M., Serbester, U., Ceyhan, A., and Gorgulu, M. (2015). Effect of somatic cell count on milk yield and composition of first and second lactation dairy cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14(1), 3646.
  • Dobranić, V., Njari, B., Samardžija, M., Mioković, B., & Resanović, R. (2008). The influence of the season on the chemical composition and the somatic cell count of bulk tank cow’s milk. Veterinarski Arhiv, 78(3), 235-242.
  • El-Tahawy, A. S., & El-Far, A. H. (2010). Influences of somatic cell count on milk composition and dairy farm profitability. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 63(3), 463-469.
  • Fernandes, A. M., Oliveira, C. D., & Tavolaro, P. (2004). Relationship between somatic cell counts and composition of milk from individual Holstein cows. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 71(4), 163-166.
  • Garcia, R. R., Maion, V. B., de Almeida, K. M., de Santana, E. H. W., Costa, M. R., Fagnani, R., & Ludovico, A. (2015). Relationship between somatic cell counts and milk production and composition in Jersey cows. Revista de Salud Animal, 37(3), 137.
  • Guo, J. Z., Liu, X. L., Xu, A. J., & Zhi, X. I. A. (2010). Relationship of somatic cell count with milk yield and composition in Chinese Holstein population. Agricultural Sciences in China, 9(10), 1492-1496.
  • Harmon, R. J. (1994). Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts. Journal of Dairy Science, 77(7), 2103-2112.
  • Hillerton, J. E., & Berry, E. A. (2004). Quality of the milk supply: European regulations versus practice. Proc. of 43rd Annual Meeting of the National Mastitis Council, p. 207-214.
  • Ivanov, G. Y., Bilgucu, E., Balabanova, T. B., Ivanova, I. V., & Uzatici, A. (2017). Effect of animal breed, season and milk production scale on somatic cell count and composition of cow milk. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 23(6), 1047-1052.
  • Jaeggi, J. J., Govindasamy-Lucey, S., Berger, Y. M., Johnson, M. E., McKusick, B. C., Thomas, D. L., & Wendorff, W. L. (2003). Hard ewe's milk cheese manufactured from milk of three different groups of somatic cell counts. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(10), 3082-3089.
  • Kuczaj, M. (2001). Interrelations between year season and raw milk hygienic qualiry indices. Series Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Animal Hasbandry, 4(1), 1-7.
  • Kul, E., Sahin, A., Ugurlutepe, E., Soydaner, M., & Özlem, O. (2018). Milk somatic cell count and pH as an indicator of udder health status in Holstein cows. Advances in Food Sciences, 40(2), 76-80. Macedo, S. N., Gonçalves, J. L., Cortinhas, C. S., Leite, R. F., & Santos, M, V. (2018). Effect of somatic cell count on composition and hygiene indicators of bulk tank milk. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 55(1), 1-11.
  • Maciuc, V., Radu-Rusu, C. G., Popescu, E. C., Radu-Rusu, R. M., & Jurco, E. C. (2017). Influence of season and cows farming system on milk physical, chemical and hygienic traits. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 22(6), 13108-13119.
  • Maha, E. H., Linda, Z., Abdellah, E. H, Mohamed, B., Ahmed, D., Abdelmajid, Z., Khadija, O., & Mohammed, B. (2016). Seasonal effect on bovine raw milk composition of oulmes local race in Morocco. Food Science and Quality Management, 52, 49-55.
  • Moslehishad, M., Ezzatpanah, H., & Aminafshar, M. (2010). Chemical and electrophoretic properties of Holstein cow milk as affected by somatic cell count. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 63(4), 512-515.
  • Najafi, M. N., Mortazavi, S. A., Koocheki, A., Khorami, J., & Rekik, B. (2009). Fat and protein contents, acidity and somatic cell counts in bulk milk of Holstein cows in the Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 62(1), 19-26.
  • Noro, G., González, F. H. D., Campos, R., & Dürr, J. W. (2006). Effects of environmental factors on milk yield and composition of dairy herds assisted by cooperatives in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 35(3), 1129-1135.
  • Ozrenk, E., & Inci, S. S. (2008). The effect of seasonal variation on the composition of cow milk in Van province. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 7(1), 161-164.
  • Pavel, E. R., & Gavan, C. (2011). Seasonal and milking-to-milking variations in cow milk fat, protein and somatic cell counts. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 3(2), 20-23.
  • Pitkala, A., Haveri, M., Pyorala, S., Myllys, V., & Honkanen-Buzalski, T. (2004). Bovine mastitis in Finland 2001-prevalence, distribution of bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(8), 2433-2441.
  • Rajčevič, M., Potočnik, K., & Levstek, J. (2003). Correlations between somatic cells count and milk composition with regard to the season. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 68(3), 221-226.
  • Ribas, N, P., Junior, P. R., Monardes, H. G., Andrade, U. V. C., Valotto, A. A., & Regonato, D. (2014). Bulk tank somatic cell count in milk samples from state of Paraná. Archives of Veterinary Science, 19(1), 70-78.
  • Roma Júnior, L. C., Montoya, J. F. G., Martins, T. T., Cassoli, L. D., & Machado, P. F. (2009). Seasonability of protein and others milk components related with quality payment program. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 61(6), 1411-1418.
  • Sert, M., Mercan, M., Aydemir, S., & Civelek, M. (2016). Effects of milk somatic cell counts on some physicochemical and functional characteristics of skim and whole milk powders. Journal of Dairy Science, 99, 5254-5264.
  • Simioni, F. J., Lopes, L. S., Nespolo, C. R., Stefani, L. M., Bordignon, R., & Bittelbrun, M. S. (2014). Season influence on milk physico-chemical and microbiological aspects in Western Santa Catarina. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 35(4), 2033-2046.
  • Sobczuk-Szul, M., Wielgosz-Groth, Z., Nogalski, Z., Mochol, M., Rzemieniewski, A., & Pogorzelska-Przybyłek, P. (2015). Changes in the fatty acid profile of cow’s milk with different somatic cell counts during lactation. Veterinarija ir Zootechnika, 69(91), 52-57. Sun, Y., Niu, L. X., Zhang, Y. L., & Gao, T. Y. (2009). Change patterns of SCC in milk of dairy cows and its relationship with composition. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 30, 133-134.
  • Syridion, D., Layek, S. S., Behera, K., Mohanty, T. K., Kumaresan, A., Manimaran, A., Dang, A. K., & Prasad, S. (2012). Effects of parity, season, stage of lactation, and milk yield on milk somatic cell count, pH and electrical conductivity in crossbred cows reared under subtropical climatic conditions. Milchwissenschaft, 67(4): 362-365.
  • Vasconcelos, C. G. C., Nader, A., Amaral, L. A., & Pereira, G. T. (1997). Influence of the season of the the year, stage of lactation and milking time on somatic cell counts in bovine milk. Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinaria E Zootecnia, 49(4), 483-491.   Vu, N. H., Lambertz, C., & Gauly, M. (2016). Factors influencing milk yield, quality and revenue of dairy farms in Southern Vietnam. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences, 10(6), 290-299.
  • Yang, L., Yang, O., Yi, M., Pang, Z. H., & Xiong, B. H. (2013). Effects of seasonal change and parity on raw milk composition and related indices in Chinese Holstein cows in northern China. Journal of Dairy Science, 96, 6863–6869.

Effects of some environmental factors on somatic cell count and milk chemical composition in cow bulk tank milk

Year 2020, , 163 - 170, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.725884

Abstract

The aim of our research was to determine the influences of some environmental factors on somatic cell count (SCC) and chemical composition of cow bulk tank milk. A total of 428 bulk tank milk samples of Brown Swiss cows were collected between January and October 2006 from family dairy farms located in Kırşehir province of Turkey. To evaluate the effect of farm scale, daily total bulk tank milk production was classified in three groups (small: <20 kg/d; medium: 20-40 kg/d and large: >40 kg/d). Also, three groups were designed according to average SCC values as low (<200x103 cells/ml), medium (200-500x103 cells/ml) and high SCC (>500x103 cells/ml). SCC was transformed according to the base of log10, because it did not show normal distribution.The results showed that sampling season was significantly affected fat content (P<0.05), logSCC, solids-not-fat (SNF), protein, lactose and pH (P<0.01). SCC was the highest in large-scale farms, while the highest fat content was determined in small-scale farms (P<0.01). Also, the lowest pH was found in large-scale farms compared to small and medium-scale farms (P<0.01). Of all bulk tank milk composition, SCC only affected fat content (P<0.05), and the lowest fat content was determined in bulk tank milk with high SCC (>500x103 cell/ml). As a result, It was concluded that season was primarily responsible among the most important environmental factor to increase bulk tank milk quality.

Project Number

Yok

References

  • Agabriel, C., Coulon, J. B., Marty, G., & Bonaiti, B. (1993). Changes in fat and protein concentrations in farms with high milk production. Journal of Dairy Science, 76(3), 734-741.
  • Albenzio, M., Caroprese, M., Santillo, A., Marino, R., Muscio, A., & Sevi, A. (2005). Proteolytic patterns and plasmin activity in ewes' milk as affected by somatic cell count and stage of lactation. Journal of Dairy Research, 72(1), 86-92.
  • Anonymous (2000). Turkish food codex regulation, Notification No. 2000/6 on raw and UHT milk. Official Journal, Number, 23964, 14 February 2000.
  • Chandan, R. (2006). Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks. Blackwell Publishing Lowa, USA.
  • Cinar, M., Serbester, U., Ceyhan, A., and Gorgulu, M. (2015). Effect of somatic cell count on milk yield and composition of first and second lactation dairy cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14(1), 3646.
  • Dobranić, V., Njari, B., Samardžija, M., Mioković, B., & Resanović, R. (2008). The influence of the season on the chemical composition and the somatic cell count of bulk tank cow’s milk. Veterinarski Arhiv, 78(3), 235-242.
  • El-Tahawy, A. S., & El-Far, A. H. (2010). Influences of somatic cell count on milk composition and dairy farm profitability. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 63(3), 463-469.
  • Fernandes, A. M., Oliveira, C. D., & Tavolaro, P. (2004). Relationship between somatic cell counts and composition of milk from individual Holstein cows. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 71(4), 163-166.
  • Garcia, R. R., Maion, V. B., de Almeida, K. M., de Santana, E. H. W., Costa, M. R., Fagnani, R., & Ludovico, A. (2015). Relationship between somatic cell counts and milk production and composition in Jersey cows. Revista de Salud Animal, 37(3), 137.
  • Guo, J. Z., Liu, X. L., Xu, A. J., & Zhi, X. I. A. (2010). Relationship of somatic cell count with milk yield and composition in Chinese Holstein population. Agricultural Sciences in China, 9(10), 1492-1496.
  • Harmon, R. J. (1994). Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts. Journal of Dairy Science, 77(7), 2103-2112.
  • Hillerton, J. E., & Berry, E. A. (2004). Quality of the milk supply: European regulations versus practice. Proc. of 43rd Annual Meeting of the National Mastitis Council, p. 207-214.
  • Ivanov, G. Y., Bilgucu, E., Balabanova, T. B., Ivanova, I. V., & Uzatici, A. (2017). Effect of animal breed, season and milk production scale on somatic cell count and composition of cow milk. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 23(6), 1047-1052.
  • Jaeggi, J. J., Govindasamy-Lucey, S., Berger, Y. M., Johnson, M. E., McKusick, B. C., Thomas, D. L., & Wendorff, W. L. (2003). Hard ewe's milk cheese manufactured from milk of three different groups of somatic cell counts. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(10), 3082-3089.
  • Kuczaj, M. (2001). Interrelations between year season and raw milk hygienic qualiry indices. Series Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Animal Hasbandry, 4(1), 1-7.
  • Kul, E., Sahin, A., Ugurlutepe, E., Soydaner, M., & Özlem, O. (2018). Milk somatic cell count and pH as an indicator of udder health status in Holstein cows. Advances in Food Sciences, 40(2), 76-80. Macedo, S. N., Gonçalves, J. L., Cortinhas, C. S., Leite, R. F., & Santos, M, V. (2018). Effect of somatic cell count on composition and hygiene indicators of bulk tank milk. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 55(1), 1-11.
  • Maciuc, V., Radu-Rusu, C. G., Popescu, E. C., Radu-Rusu, R. M., & Jurco, E. C. (2017). Influence of season and cows farming system on milk physical, chemical and hygienic traits. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 22(6), 13108-13119.
  • Maha, E. H., Linda, Z., Abdellah, E. H, Mohamed, B., Ahmed, D., Abdelmajid, Z., Khadija, O., & Mohammed, B. (2016). Seasonal effect on bovine raw milk composition of oulmes local race in Morocco. Food Science and Quality Management, 52, 49-55.
  • Moslehishad, M., Ezzatpanah, H., & Aminafshar, M. (2010). Chemical and electrophoretic properties of Holstein cow milk as affected by somatic cell count. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 63(4), 512-515.
  • Najafi, M. N., Mortazavi, S. A., Koocheki, A., Khorami, J., & Rekik, B. (2009). Fat and protein contents, acidity and somatic cell counts in bulk milk of Holstein cows in the Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 62(1), 19-26.
  • Noro, G., González, F. H. D., Campos, R., & Dürr, J. W. (2006). Effects of environmental factors on milk yield and composition of dairy herds assisted by cooperatives in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 35(3), 1129-1135.
  • Ozrenk, E., & Inci, S. S. (2008). The effect of seasonal variation on the composition of cow milk in Van province. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 7(1), 161-164.
  • Pavel, E. R., & Gavan, C. (2011). Seasonal and milking-to-milking variations in cow milk fat, protein and somatic cell counts. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 3(2), 20-23.
  • Pitkala, A., Haveri, M., Pyorala, S., Myllys, V., & Honkanen-Buzalski, T. (2004). Bovine mastitis in Finland 2001-prevalence, distribution of bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(8), 2433-2441.
  • Rajčevič, M., Potočnik, K., & Levstek, J. (2003). Correlations between somatic cells count and milk composition with regard to the season. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 68(3), 221-226.
  • Ribas, N, P., Junior, P. R., Monardes, H. G., Andrade, U. V. C., Valotto, A. A., & Regonato, D. (2014). Bulk tank somatic cell count in milk samples from state of Paraná. Archives of Veterinary Science, 19(1), 70-78.
  • Roma Júnior, L. C., Montoya, J. F. G., Martins, T. T., Cassoli, L. D., & Machado, P. F. (2009). Seasonability of protein and others milk components related with quality payment program. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 61(6), 1411-1418.
  • Sert, M., Mercan, M., Aydemir, S., & Civelek, M. (2016). Effects of milk somatic cell counts on some physicochemical and functional characteristics of skim and whole milk powders. Journal of Dairy Science, 99, 5254-5264.
  • Simioni, F. J., Lopes, L. S., Nespolo, C. R., Stefani, L. M., Bordignon, R., & Bittelbrun, M. S. (2014). Season influence on milk physico-chemical and microbiological aspects in Western Santa Catarina. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 35(4), 2033-2046.
  • Sobczuk-Szul, M., Wielgosz-Groth, Z., Nogalski, Z., Mochol, M., Rzemieniewski, A., & Pogorzelska-Przybyłek, P. (2015). Changes in the fatty acid profile of cow’s milk with different somatic cell counts during lactation. Veterinarija ir Zootechnika, 69(91), 52-57. Sun, Y., Niu, L. X., Zhang, Y. L., & Gao, T. Y. (2009). Change patterns of SCC in milk of dairy cows and its relationship with composition. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 30, 133-134.
  • Syridion, D., Layek, S. S., Behera, K., Mohanty, T. K., Kumaresan, A., Manimaran, A., Dang, A. K., & Prasad, S. (2012). Effects of parity, season, stage of lactation, and milk yield on milk somatic cell count, pH and electrical conductivity in crossbred cows reared under subtropical climatic conditions. Milchwissenschaft, 67(4): 362-365.
  • Vasconcelos, C. G. C., Nader, A., Amaral, L. A., & Pereira, G. T. (1997). Influence of the season of the the year, stage of lactation and milking time on somatic cell counts in bovine milk. Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinaria E Zootecnia, 49(4), 483-491.   Vu, N. H., Lambertz, C., & Gauly, M. (2016). Factors influencing milk yield, quality and revenue of dairy farms in Southern Vietnam. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences, 10(6), 290-299.
  • Yang, L., Yang, O., Yi, M., Pang, Z. H., & Xiong, B. H. (2013). Effects of seasonal change and parity on raw milk composition and related indices in Chinese Holstein cows in northern China. Journal of Dairy Science, 96, 6863–6869.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Osman Özlem This is me 0000-0001-8315-5427

Ertuğrul Kul 0000-0003-4961-5607

Project Number Yok
Publication Date June 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Özlem, O., & Kul, E. (2020). Effects of some environmental factors on somatic cell count and milk chemical composition in cow bulk tank milk. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 9(1), 163-170. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.725884