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Çakıldak fındık çeşidinde iç meyve iriliğine bağlı olarak biyokimyasal özelliklerin değişimi

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: Özel Sayı, 61 - 70, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.649586

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Çakıldak
fındık çeşidinde iç meyve iriliği ile biyokimyasal özellikler arasındaki
ilişkiyi belirlemek amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla meyveler iç iriliğine
göre küçük (
9.0-11.0),
orta (11.01-13.0) ve büyük (13.01-15.0) olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. İç meyve
iriliğine göre sınıflandırılan meyvelerde yağ oranı, protein oranı, toplam
fenolik içeriği, toplam flavonoid içeriği ve antioksidan kapasitesi (FRAP ve
DPPH testlerine göre) belirlenmiştir. Protein oranı üzerine iç meyve iriliğinin
etkisi önemsiz bulunurken (p>0.05), yağ oranı, toplam fenolik içeriği,
toplam flavonoid içeriği ve antioksidan kapasitesi üzerine ise önemli bir
etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). İç meyve iriliğine göre; yağ
oranı %56.74 (küçük)-58.02 (orta), protein oranı %16.24 (küçük)-17.85
(büyük), toplam fenolik içeriği 662.3 (orta)-763.5 (küçük) mg 100 g-1,
toplam flavonoid içeriği 5.42 (büyük)-11.56 (küçük) mg 100 g-1, FRAP
testine göre antioksidan kapasitesi 3348.0 (orta)-5883.3 (küçük) µmol 100 g-1
ve DPPH testine göre ise 3160.0 (orta)-4418.2 (küçük) µmol 100 g-1 arasında
belirlenmiştir. İç meyve iriliği ile toplam flavonoid içeriği (r= -0.957***) ve
antioksidan kapasitesi (FRAP ve DPPH testlerine göre, sırasıyla r= -0.799** ve
r= -0.739*) arasında negatif bir korelasyon belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Bunun
yanı sıra iç meyve iriliği ile toplam flavonoid içeriği (R2=0.917) ve antioksidan
kapasitesi (FRAP ve DPPH testlerine göre, sırasıyla R2=0.637 ve R2=0.546) arasında negatif bir
ilişki tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, yağ oranı bakımından orta
irilikteki meyvelerin, protein oranı bakımından büyük irilikteki meyvelerin ve
toplam fenolik içeriği, toplam flavonoid içeriği ve antioksidan kapasitesi bakımından
ise küçük iç iriliğine sahip meyvelerin yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu
belirlenmiştir.

References

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  • Alasalvar, C., Shahidi, F., Cadwallader, K.R., (2003). Comparison of natural and roasted Turkish Tombul hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) volatiles and flavor by DHA/GC/MS and descriptive sensory analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(17): 5067-5072.
  • Altun, M., Celik, S.E., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., Erçağ, E., Apak, R., 2013. Total antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) kernels and oils. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 37(1): 53-61.
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  • Isfahlan, A. J., Mahmoodzadeh, A., Hasanzadeh, A., Heidari, R., Jamei, R., 2010. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of phenolic extracts from Iranian almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) hulls and shells. Turkish Journal of Biology, 34(2): 165-173.
  • İslam, A., Özgüven, A.I., 2001. Clonal selection in the Turkish hazelnut cultivars grown in Ordu province. Acta Horticulture, 556: 203-208.
  • Kaleoğlu, M., Bayindirli, L., Bayindirli, A., 2004. Lye peeling of ‘Tombul’hazelnuts and effect of peeling on quality. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 82(3): 201-206.Karadeniz, T., Küp, M., 1997. The effects on quality hazelnut of direction. Acta Horticulture, 445: 285-294.
  • Kıralan, S., Yorulmaz, A., Şimşek, A., Tekin, A., 2015. Classification of Turkish hazelnut oils based on their triacylglycerol structures by chemometric analysis. European Food Research and Technology, 240(4): 679-688.
  • Koyuncu, M.A., Balta, F., Koyuncu, F., Balta, M.F., 1997a. Main composition of the fruits of the hazelnuts Tombul and Palaz cultivars preselected in Carsamba and Terme (Samsun) districts. Acta Horticulturae 445: 119-122.
  • Koyuncu, M.A., Koyuncu, F., Bostan, S.Z., İslam, A., 1997b. Change of fat content and fatty acid composition during the fruit development period in the hazelnuts Tombul and Palaz cultivars grown in Ordu. Acta Horticulturae 45: 229-236.
  • Köksal, A. İ., Artık, N., Şimşek, A., Güneş, N., 2006. Nutrient composition of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) varieties cultivated in Turkey. Food Chemistry, 99(3): 509-515.
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  • Mercanlıgil, S. M., Arslan, P., Alasalvar, C., Okut, E., Akgül, E., Pınar, A., Geyik, P.Ö., Tokgözoğlu, L., Shahidi, F., 2007. Effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic adult men. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61(2): 212.
  • Okatan, V., Bulduk, I., Sekara, A., Colak, A. M., Kaki, B., Gundogdu, M., 2018. Bioactive components and market quality of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruits could be effectively controlled by trees pretreatment wıth boric acid, melatonin and gibberellic acid. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(10): 6933-6944.
  • Oliveira, I., Sousa, A., Morais, J.S., Ferreira, I.C., Bento, A., Estevinho, L., Pereira, J.A., 2008. Chemical composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of three hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(5): 1801-1807.
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  • Pantelidis, G.E., Vasilakakis, M., Manganaris, G.A., Diamantidis, G.R., 2007. Antioxidant capacity, phenol, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents in raspberries, blackberries, red currants, gooseberries and Cornelian cherries. Food Chemistry, 102(3): 777-783.
  • Parcerisa, J., Boatella, J., Codony, R., Farrà, A., Garcia, J., Lopez, A., Rafecas, M., Romero, A. (1993). Influence of variety and geographical origin on the lipid fraction of hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) from Spain: I. Fatty acid composition. Food Chemistry, 48(4): 411-414.
  • Pelvan, E., Alasalvar, C., Uzman, S., 2012. Effects of roasting on the antioxidant status and phenolic profiles of commercial Turkish hazelnut varieties (Corylus avellana L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(5): 1218-1223.
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  • Shahidi, F., Alasalvar, C., Liyana-Pathirana, C.M., 2007. Antioxidant phytochemicals in hazelnut kernel (Corylus avellana L.) and hazelnut byproducts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(4): 1212-1220.
  • Simsek, A., Aykut, O., 2007. Evaluation of the microelement profile of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) varieties for human nutrition and health. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 58(8): 677-688.
  • Şahin, İ., Erkut, A., Öztek, L., Üstün, Ş., Oysun, G., 1990. Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde yetiştirilen fındık çeşitlerinin teknolojik özellikleri üzerinde araştırmalar. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Yayınları, 63: 54.
  • Şahin, S., 2019. Farklı İllerden Temin Edilen Fındık Zarının Bileşimi ve Antioksidan Etkinliğinin Araştırılması. Ordu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 9(1): 27-35.
  • Tonkaz, T., Bostan, S. Z., Korkmaz, K., 2017a. Effects of supplematry irrigation on hazelnut yield and pomological traits, IX. International Congress on Hazelnut (15-19 August 2017, Samsun/Turkey),134.
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Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: Özel Sayı, 61 - 70, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.649586

Abstract

References

  • Alasalvar, C., Amaral, J.S., Shahidi, F., 2006. Functional lipid characteristics of Turkish Tombul hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 54(26): 10177-10183.
  • Alasalvar, C., Bolling, B.W., 2015. Review of nut phytochemicals, fat-soluble bioactives, antioxidant components and health effects. British Journal of Nutrition, 113(S2): 68-78.
  • Alasalvar, C., Odabasi, A. Z., Demir, N., Balaban, M. Ö., Shahidi, F., Cadwallader, K.R., 2004. Volatiles and flavor of five Turkish hazelnut varieties as evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis, electronic nose, and dynamic headspace analysis/gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Journal of Food Science, 69(3): 99-106.
  • Alasalvar, C., Shahidi, F., Cadwallader, K.R., (2003). Comparison of natural and roasted Turkish Tombul hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) volatiles and flavor by DHA/GC/MS and descriptive sensory analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(17): 5067-5072.
  • Altun, M., Celik, S.E., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., Erçağ, E., Apak, R., 2013. Total antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) kernels and oils. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 37(1): 53-61.
  • Amaral, J. S., Valentao, P., Andrade, P.B., Martins, R.C., Seabra, R.M., 2010. Phenolic composition of hazelnut leaves: Influence of cultivar, geographical origin and ripening stage. Scientia Horticulturae, 126(2): 306-313.
  • Amaral, J.S., Casal, S., Alves, M.R., Seabra, R.M., Oliveira, B.P., 2006. Tocopherol and tocotrienol content of hazelnut cultivars grown in Portugal. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(4): 1329-1336.
  • Anonim, 2019. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, TSE 3075 İç Fındık Standardı. https://www.tse.org.tr/. (Erişim tarihi: 12.05.2019).
  • AOCS, O.O., 1989. Official and Recommended Methods of the American Oil Chemists’ Society. AOCS Press, Champaign.
  • Balık, H.I., Karakaya, O., Öztürk, B., Gün, S., Öztürk, A., 2017. Bioactive compounds of Turkish hazelnut cultivars, IX. International Congress on Hazelnut (15-19 August 2017, Samsun/Turkey),189.
  • Balta, M. F., Yarılgaç, T., Aşkın, M. A., Kuçuk, M., Balta, F., Özrenk, K., 2006. Determination of fatty acid compositions, oil contents and some quality traits of hazelnut genetic resources grown in eastern Anatolia of Turkey. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19(6-7): 681-686.
  • Baş, F., Ömeroğlu, S., Türdü, S., Aktaş, S., 1986. Önemli Türk fındık çeşitlerinin bileşim özelliklerinin saptanması. GIDA, 11(4): 194-203.
  • Benzie, I.F., Strain, J.J., 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239(1): 70-76.
  • Beyhan, O., Elmastas, M., Genc, N., Aksit, H., 2011. Effect of altitude on fatty acid composition in Turkish hazelnut (Coryllus avellana L.) varieties. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(71): 16064-16068.
  • Beyhan, Ö., Elmastas, M., Gedikli, F., 2010. Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of leaf, dry fruit and fresh fruit of feijoa (Acca sellowiana, Myrtaceae). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(11): 1065-1072.
  • Blois, M.S., 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181(4617): 1199-1200.
  • Bostan, S. Z., 2003. Important chemical and physical traits and variation in these traits in 'Tombul' hazelnut cultivar at different elevations. Grasas y Aceites, 54(3): 234-239.
  • Contini, M., Baccelloni, S., Frangipane, M. T., Merendino, N., Massantini, R., 2012. Increasing espresso coffee brew antioxidant capacity using phenolic extract recovered from hazelnut skin waste. Journal of Functional Foods, 4(1): 137-146.
  • Cristofori, V., Bertazza, G., Bignami, C., 2015. Changes in kernel chemical composition during nut development of three Italian hazelnut cultivars. Fruits, 70(5): 311-322.
  • Çayan, M., 2019. Ordu İli Gürgentepe İlçesinde Yetiştirilen Çakıldak Fındık Çeşidinde Klon Seleksiyonu. Ordu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ordu, 99 s.
  • FAO, 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United State. http://www.fao.org/home/en/. (Erişim tarihi: 17.09.2019).
  • Gharibzahedi, S.M.T., Mousavi, S.M., Hamedi, M., Rezaei, K., Khodaiyan, F., 2013. Evaluation of physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of Persian walnut oil obtained by several extraction methods. Industrial crops and products, 45(2013): 133-140.
  • Isfahlan, A. J., Mahmoodzadeh, A., Hasanzadeh, A., Heidari, R., Jamei, R., 2010. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of phenolic extracts from Iranian almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) hulls and shells. Turkish Journal of Biology, 34(2): 165-173.
  • İslam, A., Özgüven, A.I., 2001. Clonal selection in the Turkish hazelnut cultivars grown in Ordu province. Acta Horticulture, 556: 203-208.
  • Kaleoğlu, M., Bayindirli, L., Bayindirli, A., 2004. Lye peeling of ‘Tombul’hazelnuts and effect of peeling on quality. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 82(3): 201-206.Karadeniz, T., Küp, M., 1997. The effects on quality hazelnut of direction. Acta Horticulture, 445: 285-294.
  • Kıralan, S., Yorulmaz, A., Şimşek, A., Tekin, A., 2015. Classification of Turkish hazelnut oils based on their triacylglycerol structures by chemometric analysis. European Food Research and Technology, 240(4): 679-688.
  • Koyuncu, M.A., Balta, F., Koyuncu, F., Balta, M.F., 1997a. Main composition of the fruits of the hazelnuts Tombul and Palaz cultivars preselected in Carsamba and Terme (Samsun) districts. Acta Horticulturae 445: 119-122.
  • Koyuncu, M.A., Koyuncu, F., Bostan, S.Z., İslam, A., 1997b. Change of fat content and fatty acid composition during the fruit development period in the hazelnuts Tombul and Palaz cultivars grown in Ordu. Acta Horticulturae 45: 229-236.
  • Köksal, A. İ., Artık, N., Şimşek, A., Güneş, N., 2006. Nutrient composition of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) varieties cultivated in Turkey. Food Chemistry, 99(3): 509-515.
  • Maguire, L. S., O'sullivan, S. M., Galvin, K., O'connor, T. P., O'brien, N.M., 2004. Fatty acid profile, tocopherol, squalene and phytosterol content of walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts and the macadamia nut. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 55(3): 171-178.
  • Mercanlıgil, S. M., Arslan, P., Alasalvar, C., Okut, E., Akgül, E., Pınar, A., Geyik, P.Ö., Tokgözoğlu, L., Shahidi, F., 2007. Effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic adult men. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61(2): 212.
  • Okatan, V., Bulduk, I., Sekara, A., Colak, A. M., Kaki, B., Gundogdu, M., 2018. Bioactive components and market quality of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruits could be effectively controlled by trees pretreatment wıth boric acid, melatonin and gibberellic acid. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(10): 6933-6944.
  • Oliveira, I., Sousa, A., Morais, J.S., Ferreira, I.C., Bento, A., Estevinho, L., Pereira, J.A., 2008. Chemical composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of three hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(5): 1801-1807.
  • Ozdemir, F., Akinci, I. 2004. Physical and nutritional properties of four major commercial Turkish hazelnut varieties. Journal of Food Engineering, 63(3): 341-347.
  • Pantelidis, G.E., Vasilakakis, M., Manganaris, G.A., Diamantidis, G.R., 2007. Antioxidant capacity, phenol, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents in raspberries, blackberries, red currants, gooseberries and Cornelian cherries. Food Chemistry, 102(3): 777-783.
  • Parcerisa, J., Boatella, J., Codony, R., Farrà, A., Garcia, J., Lopez, A., Rafecas, M., Romero, A. (1993). Influence of variety and geographical origin on the lipid fraction of hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) from Spain: I. Fatty acid composition. Food Chemistry, 48(4): 411-414.
  • Pelvan, E., Alasalvar, C., Uzman, S., 2012. Effects of roasting on the antioxidant status and phenolic profiles of commercial Turkish hazelnut varieties (Corylus avellana L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(5): 1218-1223.
  • Seabra, R.M., Andrade, P.B., Valentao, P., Fernandes, E., Carvalho, F., Bastos, M.L., 2006. Biomaterials From Aquatic And Terrestrial Organisms, Bocca Raton, CRC Press, 622 s.
  • Seyhan, F., Ozay, G., Saklar, S., Ertaş, E., Satır, G., Alasalvar, C., 2007. Chemical changes of three native Turkish hazelnut varieties (Corylus avellana L.) during fruit development. Food Chemistry, 105(2): 590-596.
  • Shahidi, F., Alasalvar, C., Liyana-Pathirana, C.M., 2007. Antioxidant phytochemicals in hazelnut kernel (Corylus avellana L.) and hazelnut byproducts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(4): 1212-1220.
  • Simsek, A., Aykut, O., 2007. Evaluation of the microelement profile of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) varieties for human nutrition and health. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 58(8): 677-688.
  • Şahin, İ., Erkut, A., Öztek, L., Üstün, Ş., Oysun, G., 1990. Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde yetiştirilen fındık çeşitlerinin teknolojik özellikleri üzerinde araştırmalar. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Yayınları, 63: 54.
  • Şahin, S., 2019. Farklı İllerden Temin Edilen Fındık Zarının Bileşimi ve Antioksidan Etkinliğinin Araştırılması. Ordu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 9(1): 27-35.
  • Tonkaz, T., Bostan, S. Z., Korkmaz, K., 2017a. Effects of supplematry irrigation on hazelnut yield and pomological traits, IX. International Congress on Hazelnut (15-19 August 2017, Samsun/Turkey),134.
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Horticultural Production
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Muharrem Yılmaz 0000-0003-1489-6859

Orhan Karakaya 0000-0003-0783-3120

Mehmet Fikret Balta 0000-0002-3859-6490

Fikri Balta 0000-0003-4414-8501

İzzet Yaman This is me 0000-0002-2576-7721

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: Özel Sayı

Cite

APA Yılmaz, M., Karakaya, O., Balta, M. F., Balta, F., et al. (2019). Çakıldak fındık çeşidinde iç meyve iriliğine bağlı olarak biyokimyasal özelliklerin değişimi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 8(Özel Sayı), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.649586

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