Fındık ıslahında gelişmeler

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: Özel Sayı, 167 - 174, 31.12.2019

Ali İslam

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.667662

Cited By: 17

Abstract

Dünya fındık üretimi son yılların ortalamalarına
göre yaklaşık olarak 900 bin ton olup bu üretim sürekli artış eğilimindedir. En
önemli fındık çeşitleri doğal yetişme alanlarındaki geniş bir popülasyon
içerisinden üretici gözlemlerine dayalı seleksiyonlarla ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
Buna en güzel örnek üstün kalitesi ile ‘Tombul’ çeşidi verilebilir. Fındık
ıslahında dikkate alınan temel özellikler meyve ve verim özellikleri,
morfolojik ve fenolojik özellikler, dayanıklılık ve anaç üzerine
yoğunlaşmaktadır. Türkiye ve İtalya en büyük üretici ülke olmasına rağmen son
yıllarda fındık ıslahı konusunda en geniş çalışmalar ABD’de yürütülmektedir.
Son yıllarda moleküler marker tekniklerine dayalı çalışmalar üzerine
yoğunlaşılmış ve önemli ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. EFB ye dayanıklı yeni çeşit
olarak ‘Gasaway’ geliştirilmiş ve sonraki çalışmalarda bu dayanıklılık genleri
kullanılmıştır. ‘Okay28’, ‘Giresun Melezi’, ‘Allahverdi’, ‘Jefferson’,
Webster’, ‘Yamhill’, ‘PollyO’ son yıllarda geliştirilen yeni çeşitlere örnek olarak
verilebilir. Çeşit ve anaç ıslahı uzun süreli ve sabır isteyen bir iştir. Çok
yönlü, kapsamlı ve sürdürülebilir olan çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulur. Farklı
ekolojiler için yüksek verimli, kaliteli, biotik ve abiyotik koşullara
dayanıklı çeşitler elde etmek esastır. Farklı tüketim alışkanlıklarına uygun
çeşitlerin de geliştirilmesi arzulanmaktadır. Ayrıca rekreasyonel açıdan da
peyzaj tasarımlarında fındık ıslahı önem taşımaktadır. 

Keywords

Fındık, Corylus, seleksiyon, melezleme

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