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Biochar Uygulamalarının Ekmeklik Buğdayın Kadmiyum (Cd) Alımına Etkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 327 - 336, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.813360

Abstract

Günümüzde çevresel felaketlerin başında yer alan küresel ısınma ve son zamanlarda adından çokça bahsedilen ağır metal kirliliği, insanoğlunun yaşam standartlarını sınırlandırmaktadır. Ağır metallerden kadmiyum, topraklarda yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bulunduğunda hem bitkilere hem de bu bitkilerle beslenen canlılara zarar vermektedir. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı, yüksek Cd konsantrasyonuna sahip topraklarda organik madde miktarını artırarak Cd hareketliliğini ve bitkiye Cd taşınmasını azaltmaktır. Organik materyal olarak, özellikle son zamanlarda küresel ısınmanın etkisini azaltabilmek için organik materyalin piroliz edilmesi ile elde edilen biochar seçilmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında, biochar materyali olarak mahlep çekirdeği kullanılmış ve biochar materyali biyokütlenin yavaş piroliz işlemi ile elde edilmiştir. Deneme sera koşullarında yürütülmüş ve Ceyhan-99 ekmeklik buğday çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Denemede 5 farklı kadmiyum dozu (0, 2.5, 5, 10 ve 20 mg kg-1) ve 6 farklı biochar dozu (%0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 ve 4) uygulanmıştır. Hasat edilen bitkilerin yeşil aksam kuru madde verimi ile Cd, N, P, K, Zn ve Fe konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre toprağa artan düzeyde biochar ve Cd uygulanması ile kuru madde verimi kontrol uygulamalarına göre istatistiksel olarak azalmıştır. Elde edilen başka önemli bir sonuç ise, Cd 10 ve Cd 20 mg kg-1 dozunda %4 oranında uygulanan biochar materyalinin Cd’un bitkideki konsantrasyonunu kontrol uygulamasına göre sırasıyla % 40,49 ve % 35,76 oranında azaltmasıdır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler Cd ile kirlenmiş topraklara biochar uygulanması ile bitkilerin Cd alımının azaltılabileceğini göstermiştir.

References

  • Al-Wabel, M., Usman, A.R.A., El-Naggar, A.H., Aly, A.A., Ibrahim, H.M., Elmaghraby, S. ve Al-Omran, A., (2014). Conocarpus biochar as a soil amendment for reducing heavy metal availability and uptake by maize plants. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 22(4), 503-511.
  • Alloway, B. J. (2012). Heavy metals in soils: trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability (Vol. 22). Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Asri, F.Ö. ve Sönmez, S. (2006). Ağır Metal Toksisitesinin Bitki Metabolizması Üzerine Etkileri. Derim, Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(2), 36-45. Asri, F. Ö., Sönmez, S., ve Çitak, S. (2007). Kadmiyumun Çevre ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri. Derim, 24(1), 32-39.
  • Bolan, N., Naidu, S., Mahimairaja, R., ve Baskaran, S. (1994). Influence of low-molecular-weight organic acid on the solubilization of phosphates. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 18, 311-319.
  • Bremner, J.M. (1965). Total nitrogen. In C.A.Black et al. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Am. Soc. of Agron., Inc.Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Part 2. Agron. 9: 1149-1178. Chen, W.F., Zhang, W.M., Meng, J., ve Xu, Z.J. (2011). Researches on biochar application technology. Engineering Sciences, 13, 83-89.
  • Erdem, H., Kınay, A., Oztürk, M. and Tutus, Y., (2012). Effect of cadmium stress on growth and mineral composition of two tobacco cultivars. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment 10 (1), 965-969.
  • Goyer, R.A., Miller C.R., Zhu S.Y. ve Victery W. (1989). Non-metallothionein bound cadmium in the pathogenesis of cadmium nephropathy in the rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 101, 232- 244.
  • Gussarson, M., Asp, H., Adalststeinsson, S.,ve Jensen, P. (1996). Enhancement of cadmium effects on growth and nutrient composition of birch (Betula pendula) by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). J. Exper. Bot., 47, 211-215.
  • Gür, N., Topdemir, A., Munzuroğlu, Ö ve Çobanoğlu, D., (2004). Ağır Metal İyonlarının (Cu+2, Pb+2, Hg+2, Cd+2) Clivia sp. Bitkisi Polenlerinin Çimlenmesi ve Tüp Büyümesi Üzerine Etkileri. F.Ü. Fen ve Matematik Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2), 177-182.
  • Haktanır, K., (1987). Çevre Kirliliği. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Notu, Teksir No:140.
  • Hernandez, L.E., Ramos, I., Carpena-Ruiz, R.,Lucena, J.J. ve Garate, A. (1996). Effect ofcadmium on the distribution ofmicronutrients in Lactuca spp., maize andpea plants. In: Fertilizers and Environment,ed, C. Rodriguez-Barrueco, KluwerAcademic Publishers, 503-508.
  • Houben, D., Evrard, L. and Sonnet, P. (2013). Beneficial effects of biochar application to contaminated soils on the bioavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn and the biomass production of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Biomass and Bioenergy, 57, 196-204.
  • Jarup, L., Berglund, M., Elinder, C. G., Nordberg, G. ve Vather, M. (1998). Health effects of cadmium exposurea review of the literature and risk estimate. Scandinavian Journal of World Environmental Health. 24, 1- 52.
  • Kacar, B., İnal, A. (2008). Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Kalınbacak, K., Yurdakul, İ., ve Gedikoğlu, İ. (2012). Buğdayda Kadmiyumun Toksiklik Sınırının Belirlenmesi ve BazıEkstraksiyon Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Toprak Su Dergisi, 1 (1), 28-37.
  • Khurana, M. P. S., ve Jhanji, S. (2014). Influence of cadmium on dry matter yield, micronutrient content and its uptake in some crops. Journal of Environmental Biology, 35(5), 865.
  • Kramer, R.W., Kujawinski, E.B., ve Hatcher, P.G. (2004). Identification of black carbon derived structures in a volcanic ash soil humicacid by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Environmental Science ve Technology, 38, 387-3395.
  • Lehmann, J., Rillig, M. C., Thies, J., Masiello, C. A., Hockaday, W. C., ve Crowley, D. (2011). Biochar effects on soil biota–a review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43(9), 1812-1836.
  • Lu, H., Zhang, Y.Y., Huang, X., Wang, S., ve Qiu, R. (2012). Relative distributionof Pb2+ sorption mechanisms by sludge-derived biochar. WatRes 46, 854–862.
  • Major, J., Rondon, M., Molina, D., Riha, S. J., ve Lehmann, J. (2012). Nutrient leaching in a Colombian savanna Oxisol amended with biochar. Journal of environmental quality, 41(4), 1076-1086.
  • Namgay, T., Singh, B., ve Singh, B. P. (2010). Influence of biochar application to soil on the availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to maize (Zea mays L.). Soil Research, 48(7), 638-647.
  • Nigussie, A., Kissi, E., Misganaw, M. and Ambaw, G. (2012). Effect of Biochar Application on Soil Properties and Nutrient Uptake of Lettuces (Lactuca sativa) Grown in Chromium Polluted Soils. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 12 (3), 369-376.
  • Pena, J.M., Allen, N.S., ve Edge, M. (2000). Analysis of radical content on carbon black pigments by electron spinresonance: Influence of functionality, thermal treatment and adsorption of acidic and basic probes. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 71, 153-170.
  • Pereira, B. F. F., Rozane, D. E., Araújo, S. R., Barth, G., Queiroz, R. J. B., Nogueira, T. A. R., ve Malavolta, E. (2011). Cadmium availability and accumulation by lettuce and rice. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 35(2), 645-654.
  • Rengel, Z. (2003). Handbook of soil acidity (Vol. 94). CRC Press.
  • Sheoran, I.S., Singal, H.R ve Singh, R. (1990). Effect of cadmium and nickel on photosynthesis and enzymes of the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.). Photosynthesis Research, 23, 345-351.
  • Van A., Clijsters, H. (1990). Effect of metalson enzyme activity in plants. Plant CellEnvironment, 13, 195-206.
  • Washington, J.B., ve Joseph J.P. (2003). Sorption hystersis of ben-zene in charcoal particles. Environmental Science ve Technology, 37, 409-417.
  • Yang, X., Baligar, V.C., Martens, D.C. ve Clark, R.B. (1996). Cadmium effects on influx and transport of mineral nutrients in plant species. J. Plant Nutr., 19, 643-656.
  • Yıldız, N. (2001). Toprak Kirletici Bazı Ağır Metallerin (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Co ve Ni) Belirlenmesinde Kullanılan Yöntemler. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi.
  • Zhang, A.F,. Pang, X., ve Li, L.Q. (2009). Biochar and the effect on c stock enhancement, emission reduction of greenhouse gases and soil reclamation. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 28, 2459-2463.
  • Zheng, R., Chen, Z., Cai, C., Wang, X., Huang, Y., Xiao, B. And Sun, G., (2013). Effect of biochars from rice husk, bran and straw on heavy metal uptake by pot grown wheat seedling in a historically contaminated soil. BioResources, 8(4), 5965-5982.
Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 327 - 336, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.813360

Abstract

References

  • Al-Wabel, M., Usman, A.R.A., El-Naggar, A.H., Aly, A.A., Ibrahim, H.M., Elmaghraby, S. ve Al-Omran, A., (2014). Conocarpus biochar as a soil amendment for reducing heavy metal availability and uptake by maize plants. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 22(4), 503-511.
  • Alloway, B. J. (2012). Heavy metals in soils: trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability (Vol. 22). Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Asri, F.Ö. ve Sönmez, S. (2006). Ağır Metal Toksisitesinin Bitki Metabolizması Üzerine Etkileri. Derim, Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(2), 36-45. Asri, F. Ö., Sönmez, S., ve Çitak, S. (2007). Kadmiyumun Çevre ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri. Derim, 24(1), 32-39.
  • Bolan, N., Naidu, S., Mahimairaja, R., ve Baskaran, S. (1994). Influence of low-molecular-weight organic acid on the solubilization of phosphates. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 18, 311-319.
  • Bremner, J.M. (1965). Total nitrogen. In C.A.Black et al. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Am. Soc. of Agron., Inc.Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Part 2. Agron. 9: 1149-1178. Chen, W.F., Zhang, W.M., Meng, J., ve Xu, Z.J. (2011). Researches on biochar application technology. Engineering Sciences, 13, 83-89.
  • Erdem, H., Kınay, A., Oztürk, M. and Tutus, Y., (2012). Effect of cadmium stress on growth and mineral composition of two tobacco cultivars. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment 10 (1), 965-969.
  • Goyer, R.A., Miller C.R., Zhu S.Y. ve Victery W. (1989). Non-metallothionein bound cadmium in the pathogenesis of cadmium nephropathy in the rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 101, 232- 244.
  • Gussarson, M., Asp, H., Adalststeinsson, S.,ve Jensen, P. (1996). Enhancement of cadmium effects on growth and nutrient composition of birch (Betula pendula) by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). J. Exper. Bot., 47, 211-215.
  • Gür, N., Topdemir, A., Munzuroğlu, Ö ve Çobanoğlu, D., (2004). Ağır Metal İyonlarının (Cu+2, Pb+2, Hg+2, Cd+2) Clivia sp. Bitkisi Polenlerinin Çimlenmesi ve Tüp Büyümesi Üzerine Etkileri. F.Ü. Fen ve Matematik Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2), 177-182.
  • Haktanır, K., (1987). Çevre Kirliliği. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Notu, Teksir No:140.
  • Hernandez, L.E., Ramos, I., Carpena-Ruiz, R.,Lucena, J.J. ve Garate, A. (1996). Effect ofcadmium on the distribution ofmicronutrients in Lactuca spp., maize andpea plants. In: Fertilizers and Environment,ed, C. Rodriguez-Barrueco, KluwerAcademic Publishers, 503-508.
  • Houben, D., Evrard, L. and Sonnet, P. (2013). Beneficial effects of biochar application to contaminated soils on the bioavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn and the biomass production of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Biomass and Bioenergy, 57, 196-204.
  • Jarup, L., Berglund, M., Elinder, C. G., Nordberg, G. ve Vather, M. (1998). Health effects of cadmium exposurea review of the literature and risk estimate. Scandinavian Journal of World Environmental Health. 24, 1- 52.
  • Kacar, B., İnal, A. (2008). Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Kalınbacak, K., Yurdakul, İ., ve Gedikoğlu, İ. (2012). Buğdayda Kadmiyumun Toksiklik Sınırının Belirlenmesi ve BazıEkstraksiyon Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Toprak Su Dergisi, 1 (1), 28-37.
  • Khurana, M. P. S., ve Jhanji, S. (2014). Influence of cadmium on dry matter yield, micronutrient content and its uptake in some crops. Journal of Environmental Biology, 35(5), 865.
  • Kramer, R.W., Kujawinski, E.B., ve Hatcher, P.G. (2004). Identification of black carbon derived structures in a volcanic ash soil humicacid by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Environmental Science ve Technology, 38, 387-3395.
  • Lehmann, J., Rillig, M. C., Thies, J., Masiello, C. A., Hockaday, W. C., ve Crowley, D. (2011). Biochar effects on soil biota–a review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43(9), 1812-1836.
  • Lu, H., Zhang, Y.Y., Huang, X., Wang, S., ve Qiu, R. (2012). Relative distributionof Pb2+ sorption mechanisms by sludge-derived biochar. WatRes 46, 854–862.
  • Major, J., Rondon, M., Molina, D., Riha, S. J., ve Lehmann, J. (2012). Nutrient leaching in a Colombian savanna Oxisol amended with biochar. Journal of environmental quality, 41(4), 1076-1086.
  • Namgay, T., Singh, B., ve Singh, B. P. (2010). Influence of biochar application to soil on the availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to maize (Zea mays L.). Soil Research, 48(7), 638-647.
  • Nigussie, A., Kissi, E., Misganaw, M. and Ambaw, G. (2012). Effect of Biochar Application on Soil Properties and Nutrient Uptake of Lettuces (Lactuca sativa) Grown in Chromium Polluted Soils. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 12 (3), 369-376.
  • Pena, J.M., Allen, N.S., ve Edge, M. (2000). Analysis of radical content on carbon black pigments by electron spinresonance: Influence of functionality, thermal treatment and adsorption of acidic and basic probes. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 71, 153-170.
  • Pereira, B. F. F., Rozane, D. E., Araújo, S. R., Barth, G., Queiroz, R. J. B., Nogueira, T. A. R., ve Malavolta, E. (2011). Cadmium availability and accumulation by lettuce and rice. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 35(2), 645-654.
  • Rengel, Z. (2003). Handbook of soil acidity (Vol. 94). CRC Press.
  • Sheoran, I.S., Singal, H.R ve Singh, R. (1990). Effect of cadmium and nickel on photosynthesis and enzymes of the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.). Photosynthesis Research, 23, 345-351.
  • Van A., Clijsters, H. (1990). Effect of metalson enzyme activity in plants. Plant CellEnvironment, 13, 195-206.
  • Washington, J.B., ve Joseph J.P. (2003). Sorption hystersis of ben-zene in charcoal particles. Environmental Science ve Technology, 37, 409-417.
  • Yang, X., Baligar, V.C., Martens, D.C. ve Clark, R.B. (1996). Cadmium effects on influx and transport of mineral nutrients in plant species. J. Plant Nutr., 19, 643-656.
  • Yıldız, N. (2001). Toprak Kirletici Bazı Ağır Metallerin (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Co ve Ni) Belirlenmesinde Kullanılan Yöntemler. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi.
  • Zhang, A.F,. Pang, X., ve Li, L.Q. (2009). Biochar and the effect on c stock enhancement, emission reduction of greenhouse gases and soil reclamation. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 28, 2459-2463.
  • Zheng, R., Chen, Z., Cai, C., Wang, X., Huang, Y., Xiao, B. And Sun, G., (2013). Effect of biochars from rice husk, bran and straw on heavy metal uptake by pot grown wheat seedling in a historically contaminated soil. BioResources, 8(4), 5965-5982.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Soil Sciences and Ecology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Yasemin Acir 0000-0001-6284-1671

Halil Erdem 0000-0002-3296-1549

Publication Date December 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Acir, Y., & Erdem, H. (2020). Biochar Uygulamalarının Ekmeklik Buğdayın Kadmiyum (Cd) Alımına Etkisi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 9(2), 327-336. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.813360