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Bazı Çevre Dostu Ürünlerin Erysiphe corylacearum'un Neden Olduğu Fındıkta Külleme Hastalığı Üzerindeki Etkinliği

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: Özel Sayı, 173 - 176, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1364119

Abstract

Amaç: Erysiphe corylacearum'un neden olduğu külleme hastalığı, Türkiye'nin en önemli tarımsal ürünlerinden biri olan fındığın (Corylus avellana L.) verim ve kalitesini etkileyen başlıca hastalıklarından biridir. Çalışma 2017 yılında hastalığa karşı çevre dostu bazı ürünlerin (bir biyolojik fungisit, bir bitki ekstraktı içeren fungisit ve bir bitki aktivatörü) etkisini belirlemek amacıyla Giresun’da yürütülmüştür.
Matertal ve Yöntem: Ticari ürünler AQ 10 (Ampelomyces quisqualis M-10 izolatı), Regalia (Reynoutria spp. ekstraktı) ve ISR 2000 (Lactobacillus acidophilus fermantasyon ürünü) hastalığa karşı çevre dostu ürünler olarak kullanılmıştır. Karşılaştırma amacıyla bu hastalığa karşı etkili olduğu bilinen kimyasal bir fungisit olan Quadris Maxx (Azoxystrobin 200 g/l + Difenoconazole 125 g/l) da çalışmada ele alınmıştır. Hastalık belirtileri ortaya çıkmadan önce, meyve bağlama döneminde başlayarak toplam 5 ilaçlama uygulaması yapılmıştır. Fındık yaprak ve çotanaklarındaki hastalık şiddeti değerleri 0-4 skalası kullanılarak Townsend-Heuberger formülüne göre hesaplanmıştır. Fungisitlerin etkinliği ise Abbott formülü kullanılarak belirlenmiştir.
Araştırma Bulguları AQ 10 (Ampelomyces quisqualis M-10 izolatı) için etkinlik yapraklarda %21.07, çotanaklarda %21.29; yaprak ve çotanaklarda sırasıyla Regalia (Reynoutria spp. ekstraktı) için %19.13 ve %28.09; ISR 2000 (Lactobacillus acidophilus fermantasyon ürünü) için %19.23 ve %10.80 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kimyasal fungisidin yapraklarda etkinliği %91.98, çotanaklarda ise %73.63 olarak belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada kullanılan kimyasal fungisit Quadris Maxx (Azoxystrobin 200 g/l+Difenoconazole 125 g/l) hastalık kontrolü için yeterli etkinlik sağlarken, kullanılan çevre dostu ürünlerin etkinliği oldukça düşük bulunmuştur. Ancak hastalığın kontrolü için çevre dostu ürünlerin kullanılması çok önemli olup gelecekte yeni çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.

Supporting Institution

Hazelnut Research Institute, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies

Thanks

The author would like to thank the author Mustafa ACAR (Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, Samsun) for carrying out the statistical analysis.

References

  • on powdery mildews of the genus Erysiphe from Azerbaijan. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology, 8(1), 30-53.
  • Arzanlou, M., Torbati, M., & Golmohammadi, H. (2018). Powdery mildew on hazelnut (Corylus avellana) caused by Erysiphe corylacearum in Iran. Forest Pathology, 48,e12450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/efp.12450
  • Beenken, L., Kruse, J., Schmidt, A., & Braun, U. (2022). Epidemic spread of Erysiphe corylacearum in Europe–first records from Germany. Schlechtendalia, 39, 112-118.
  • BKÜ Data Base. (2023). Access address https://bku.tarimorman.gov.tr
  • Boneva, D.V., Bobev, S.G., & Van Poucke, K. (2023). First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe corylacearum on hazelnut in Bulgaria. Plant Disease. Electronic early view. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-23-0840-PDN.
  • EPPO, (2021). Erysiphe corylacearum, an emerging pathogen of hazelnut in the EPPO region. EPPO Reporting Service no. 02-2021 Num. article: 2021/042. https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-6981
  • FAOSTAT, (2022). Crops and livestock products. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/qcl.
  • Gulcu, B. (2022). Field efficacy of trans-Cinnamic Acid against powdery mildew disease, Erysiphe corylacearum, in hazelnut fields. Phytoparasitica, 50(5), 1091-1096.
  • Heluta V.P., Makarenko N.V., & Al-Maali G.A., (2019). First records of Erysiphe corylacearum (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) on Corylus avellana in Ukraine. Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 76(3), 252-259.
  • Kalmár, K., Desiderio, F., & Varjas, V. (2023). First report of Erysiphe corylacearum causing powdery mildew on hazelnut in Hungary. Plant Disease, 107(2), 579.
  • Mazzaglia, A., Drais, M.I., Turco, S., Silvestri, C., Cristofori, V., Aymami, A. Casadó, V., & Rovira, M. (2021). First report of Erysiphe corylacearum causing powdery mildew on Corylus avellana in Spain. New Disease Reports, 44(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12035.
  • Meparishvili, G., Gur, L., Frenkel, O., Gorgiladze, L., Meparishvili, S., Muradashvili, M., & Jabnidze, R. (2019). First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe corylacearum on hazelnuts in Georgia. Plant Disease, 103(11), 2952.
  • Mezzalama, M., Guarnaccia, V., Martano, G., & Spadaro, D. (2021). Presence of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe corylacearum on hazelnut (Corylus avellana) in Italy. Plant Disease, 105(05), 1565.
  • Özsoy, E. (2023). Bazı bitki uçucu yağlarının fındıkta tahripkâr külleme hastalığı etmeni erysiphe corylacearum'a karşı in vitro antifungal etkinliğinin belirlenmesi. Master's thesis, Ordu University, Ordu.
  • Rosati, M., Bogoescu, M., & Spadaro, D. (2021). First report of Erysiphe corylacearum, agent of powdery mildew, on hazelnut (Corylus avellana) in Romania. Plant Disease, 105(9), 2728.
  • Sezer, A. (2016). Fındıkta külleme. Ünye Ticaret Borsası Dergisi, 2, 42-45.
  • Sezer, A., Dolar, F.S., Lucas, S.J, Köse, Ç., & Gümüş, E. (2017) First report of the recently introduced, destructive powdery mildew Erysiphe corylacearum on hazelnut in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 45, 577-581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-017-0610-1
  • Sezer, A., Bilgen, Y., Duyar, Ö., Köse, Ç., Gümüş, E., & Er, T. (2019). Erysiphe corylacearum’un neden olduğu külleme hastalığına karşı Giresun ili fındık üretim alanlarında kimyasal mücadele olanaklarının belirlenmesi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 8(Özel Sayı), 71-78.
  • Tanrıvermiş, H., Gönenç, S., & Terzioğlu, S.B. (2006). Türkiye’de fındık üretiminin sosyo-ekonomik yapısı tamamlayıcı gelir kaynaklarını geliştirilebilme olanakları ve etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. In 3. Milli Fındık Şurası (p. 125-144). Giresun.
  • Townsend, G.R., & Heuberger, J.W. (1943) Methods for estimating losses caused by diseases in fungicide experiments. Plant Disease Reporter, 27, 340-343.
  • Tuğlu, Ş.Ç., & Coşkuntuna, A. (2019). Sakarya ilinde fındık bahçelerinde külleme hastalığının mücadelesi. H. Demir (Ed.) In II. International Agricultural and Forest Congress Abstract Book (p. 22). İzmir.
  • Türkkan, M., Erper İ., Eser Ü., & Baltacı A. (2018). Evaluation of inhibitory effect of some bicarbonate salts and fungicides against hazelnut powdery mildew. Gesunde Pflanzen, 70, 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-017-0411-y
  • Yıldırım, İ. (2022). Effects of eco-frıendly treatment programs on powdery mildew (Erysiphe corylacearum Braun & Takam) in hazelnut. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 32(4), 1018-1027.
  • Zajc, J., Rot, M., Snoj, D., Žerjav, M., Schroers, H.-J., Piškur, B., Ogris, N., & Brglez, A. (2023). First report of Erysiphe corylacearum on Corylus avellana and C. colurna in Slovenia. New Disease Reports, 47. e12160. https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12160

Effectiveness of Some Environmentally Friendly Products on Hazelnut Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe corylacearum

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: Özel Sayı, 173 - 176, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1364119

Abstract

Objective: Powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe corylacearum is one of the main diseases affecting the yield and quality of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), one of the most important agricultural products of Türkiye. The study was conducted in Giresun in 2017 to determine the effect of some environmentally fiendly products (one biological fungicide, one fungicides containing plant extract and one plant activator) against the disease.
Materials and Methods: As environmentally fiendly products against to disease, commercial products including AQ 10 (Ampelomyces quisqualis M-10 isolate), Regalia (Reynoutria spp. extract) and ISR 2000 (Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product) were used. For comparison Quadris Maxx (Azoxystrobin 200 g/l+Difenoconazole 125 g/l), a chemical fungicide known to be effective against this disease, was also used in the study. A total of five spraying applications beginning at the fruit setting time, prior to appearance of disease symptoms were performed. Disease severity values on hazelnut leaves and fruits were calculated according to the Townsend-Heuberger formula using the 0-4 scale. The efficacy of fungicides was determined using Abbott’s formula.
Results: The effectiveness of AQ 10 (Ampelomyces quisqualis M-10 isolate) was 21.07% on leaves and 21.29% on clusters; for Regalia (Reynoutria spp. extract) 19.13% and 28.09% anf for ISR 2000 (Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product) 19.23% and 10.80% on leaves and fruits respectively. Regarding chemical fungicide, Quadris Maxx (Azoxystrobin 200 g/l+Difenoconazole 125 g/l), the effectiveness was 91.98% on leaves and 73.63% on clusters.
Conclusion: The chemical fungicide Quadris Maxx (Azoxystrobin 200 g/l+Difenoconazole 125 g/l), used in this study provided sufficient efficacy for the disease control, while the efficacy of environmentally friendly products used was found to be quite low. However, it is very important to use of environmentally friendly products for the disease control and the further studies should be conducted.

References

  • on powdery mildews of the genus Erysiphe from Azerbaijan. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology, 8(1), 30-53.
  • Arzanlou, M., Torbati, M., & Golmohammadi, H. (2018). Powdery mildew on hazelnut (Corylus avellana) caused by Erysiphe corylacearum in Iran. Forest Pathology, 48,e12450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/efp.12450
  • Beenken, L., Kruse, J., Schmidt, A., & Braun, U. (2022). Epidemic spread of Erysiphe corylacearum in Europe–first records from Germany. Schlechtendalia, 39, 112-118.
  • BKÜ Data Base. (2023). Access address https://bku.tarimorman.gov.tr
  • Boneva, D.V., Bobev, S.G., & Van Poucke, K. (2023). First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe corylacearum on hazelnut in Bulgaria. Plant Disease. Electronic early view. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-23-0840-PDN.
  • EPPO, (2021). Erysiphe corylacearum, an emerging pathogen of hazelnut in the EPPO region. EPPO Reporting Service no. 02-2021 Num. article: 2021/042. https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-6981
  • FAOSTAT, (2022). Crops and livestock products. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/qcl.
  • Gulcu, B. (2022). Field efficacy of trans-Cinnamic Acid against powdery mildew disease, Erysiphe corylacearum, in hazelnut fields. Phytoparasitica, 50(5), 1091-1096.
  • Heluta V.P., Makarenko N.V., & Al-Maali G.A., (2019). First records of Erysiphe corylacearum (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) on Corylus avellana in Ukraine. Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 76(3), 252-259.
  • Kalmár, K., Desiderio, F., & Varjas, V. (2023). First report of Erysiphe corylacearum causing powdery mildew on hazelnut in Hungary. Plant Disease, 107(2), 579.
  • Mazzaglia, A., Drais, M.I., Turco, S., Silvestri, C., Cristofori, V., Aymami, A. Casadó, V., & Rovira, M. (2021). First report of Erysiphe corylacearum causing powdery mildew on Corylus avellana in Spain. New Disease Reports, 44(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12035.
  • Meparishvili, G., Gur, L., Frenkel, O., Gorgiladze, L., Meparishvili, S., Muradashvili, M., & Jabnidze, R. (2019). First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe corylacearum on hazelnuts in Georgia. Plant Disease, 103(11), 2952.
  • Mezzalama, M., Guarnaccia, V., Martano, G., & Spadaro, D. (2021). Presence of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe corylacearum on hazelnut (Corylus avellana) in Italy. Plant Disease, 105(05), 1565.
  • Özsoy, E. (2023). Bazı bitki uçucu yağlarının fındıkta tahripkâr külleme hastalığı etmeni erysiphe corylacearum'a karşı in vitro antifungal etkinliğinin belirlenmesi. Master's thesis, Ordu University, Ordu.
  • Rosati, M., Bogoescu, M., & Spadaro, D. (2021). First report of Erysiphe corylacearum, agent of powdery mildew, on hazelnut (Corylus avellana) in Romania. Plant Disease, 105(9), 2728.
  • Sezer, A. (2016). Fındıkta külleme. Ünye Ticaret Borsası Dergisi, 2, 42-45.
  • Sezer, A., Dolar, F.S., Lucas, S.J, Köse, Ç., & Gümüş, E. (2017) First report of the recently introduced, destructive powdery mildew Erysiphe corylacearum on hazelnut in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 45, 577-581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-017-0610-1
  • Sezer, A., Bilgen, Y., Duyar, Ö., Köse, Ç., Gümüş, E., & Er, T. (2019). Erysiphe corylacearum’un neden olduğu külleme hastalığına karşı Giresun ili fındık üretim alanlarında kimyasal mücadele olanaklarının belirlenmesi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 8(Özel Sayı), 71-78.
  • Tanrıvermiş, H., Gönenç, S., & Terzioğlu, S.B. (2006). Türkiye’de fındık üretiminin sosyo-ekonomik yapısı tamamlayıcı gelir kaynaklarını geliştirilebilme olanakları ve etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. In 3. Milli Fındık Şurası (p. 125-144). Giresun.
  • Townsend, G.R., & Heuberger, J.W. (1943) Methods for estimating losses caused by diseases in fungicide experiments. Plant Disease Reporter, 27, 340-343.
  • Tuğlu, Ş.Ç., & Coşkuntuna, A. (2019). Sakarya ilinde fındık bahçelerinde külleme hastalığının mücadelesi. H. Demir (Ed.) In II. International Agricultural and Forest Congress Abstract Book (p. 22). İzmir.
  • Türkkan, M., Erper İ., Eser Ü., & Baltacı A. (2018). Evaluation of inhibitory effect of some bicarbonate salts and fungicides against hazelnut powdery mildew. Gesunde Pflanzen, 70, 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-017-0411-y
  • Yıldırım, İ. (2022). Effects of eco-frıendly treatment programs on powdery mildew (Erysiphe corylacearum Braun & Takam) in hazelnut. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 32(4), 1018-1027.
  • Zajc, J., Rot, M., Snoj, D., Žerjav, M., Schroers, H.-J., Piškur, B., Ogris, N., & Brglez, A. (2023). First report of Erysiphe corylacearum on Corylus avellana and C. colurna in Slovenia. New Disease Reports, 47. e12160. https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12160
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Phytopathology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Arzu Sezer 0000-0002-8215-2125

Publication Date October 29, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: Özel Sayı

Cite

APA Sezer, A. (2023). Effectiveness of Some Environmentally Friendly Products on Hazelnut Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe corylacearum. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 12(Özel Sayı), 173-176. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1364119