The journal adheres to the ethical principles, standards, and guidelines published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All stakeholders involved in the publication process, including authors, reviewers, editors, and the publisher, are expected to comply with these ethical standards in order to ensure transparency, integrity, and academic quality in scientific publishing.
Submitted manuscripts must be original works that have not been previously published and are not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All forms of unethical publishing practices, including plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, duplicate publication, inappropriate authorship, and undisclosed conflicts of interest, are strictly prohibited. Manuscripts are screened for similarity using appropriate plagiarism detection software, and any ethical misconduct identified at any stage of the publication process will be handled in accordance with COPE procedures.
Authors are responsible for ensuring that their studies are conducted in compliance with ethical standards. Where required, approval from an authorized Ethics Committee must be obtained prior to conducting the research, and relevant approval documents must be submitted with the manuscript. Authors must also clearly disclose any financial or institutional support and potential conflicts of interest related to the submitted work.
The peer-review process is conducted in a fair, impartial, and confidential manner. Reviewers are expected to evaluate manuscripts objectively, maintain confidentiality, and declare any conflicts of interest that may affect their assessments. Editorial decisions are based solely on the scientific merit, originality, relevance to the journal’s scope, and compliance with ethical and publication standards.
In cases of alleged or confirmed ethical misconduct, the journal follows COPE flowcharts and recommendations to investigate the issue and take appropriate actions, which may include manuscript rejection, retraction, or notification of the relevant institutions.

Article Withdrawal and Retraction Policy
Published articles may be withdrawn or retracted in cases where serious scientific or ethical errors are identified, such as data fabrication or falsification, plagiarism, duplicate publication, ethical violations, or other similar issues. Retractions are conducted in accordance with the principles and procedures established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
The decision to retract is made after consultation with the editors, editorial board, and, when necessary, the authors and relevant institutions. Retracted articles remain accessible in the journal archive, but all pages of the article are clearly marked with “Retracted”, and the reason for retraction is transparently published.
In cases where the integrity of the work is affected but full retraction is not required, a correction or an editorial expression of concern may be issued.