Publication Ethics Principles
Publication ethics can be defined as a self-regulatory mechanism that insists on honesty on behalf of authors, reviewers, and publishers to create higher editorial processing standards. Ethical standards for publication are in place to ensure high-quality scientific publications, public trust in scientific findings, and respect for people's opinions.
Honest researchers do not:
• Plagiarize
• Cite sources incorrectly
• Hide objections they cannot refute
• Misrepresent opposing views
• Destroy or hide data

Peer-reviewed studies are studies that support and implement the scientific method. At this point, all parties involved in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publisher, reviewers and editors) must comply with ethical principles. Baberti journal adheres to national and international standards in research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works and the YÖK Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Guidelines. Baberti has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA). It also complies with the decisions of the Turkish Editors' Workshop.
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• YÖK Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Guidelines (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice Principles in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)
• Decisions of the Turkish Editors' Workshop (National Criteria)

Re-publication
Re-publication is the publication of the same or broadly similar articles in multiple journals. The editor returns such an article without review. After that, the editor may impose an embargo on the author who attempts to re-publish, may publicly disclose this situation in the journal where the author previously published (perhaps as a simultaneous announcement with the editor of the journal that published the previous article), or may apply all of these measures together.

Simultaneous submission of the same work to multiple journals
Authors cannot submit the same article to multiple journals simultaneously. If the editor learns of a possible simultaneous submission, they reserve the right to consult with the other editor(s) who received the article. The editor may also return the article without review or reject it without considering the reviews or discuss this decision with the other relevant editor(s) and decide not to accept article submissions from the authors for a certain period. They may also write to the author's employers or implement these measures together.

Plagiarism Control
They present the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, figures or works of others as their work, in whole or in part, without proper attribution to the owners by scientific rules.
Baberti scans all submitted articles for plagiarism. Whether or not the submitted works are plagiarized is checked using the intihal.net & Ithenticate software. A similarity rate of less than 20% is expected. The primary similarity measure is the author's compliance with citation and quotation rules. Even if the similarity rate is 1%, plagiarism may still be questioned if citation and quotation are not done correctly. In this respect, the author should know and carefully apply citation and quotation rules.
Plagiarism, duplication, false authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, slicing and publishing, copyright infringement and concealment of conflict of interest are considered unethical behaviours. All articles that do not comply with the accepted ethical standards are withdrawn from publication. This also includes articles containing possible irregularities and inconsistencies detected after publication.

Fabrication
Producing data that is not based on research, editing or changing the work presented or published based on unreal data, reporting or publishing it, showing that research that has yet to be done has been done.
Falsifying research records and obtained data, showing methods, devices and materials that were not used in the research as if they were used, not evaluating data that is not by the research hypothesis, manipulating data and results to fit the relevant theory or assumptions, distorting or shaping research results in the interests of the people and institutions that support it.

Protection of Participants' Personal Data
Baberti requires all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials related to human participants that are not legally publicly available to be subject to formal ethical review.

Handling Allegations of Research Misconduct
Baberti adheres to COPE's Ethical Toolkit for Successful Publication. Journal editors will take measures to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data fabrication, data falsification, and other research misconduct have occurred. In no case will the journal editors knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. Baberti editors will follow COPE's guidelines if they become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journals.

Reporting Ethical Violations
Readers can report any significant errors or inaccuracies they notice in an article published in Baberti Journal or any complaints about editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.) by emailing ilafdergi@bayburt.edu.tr. We welcome applications because they will provide us with opportunities for improvement, and we will respond quickly and constructively.

Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
If the editors find minor errors that do not affect the published article's findings, interpretations, and conclusions, they may consider publishing a correction. If some significant errors/violations invalidate the findings and conclusions, the editors should consider retracting the article. Suppose there is a possibility of research or publication misconduct by the authors. In that case, if there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and that the authors' institutions have not investigated the incident, or if the possible investigation seems unfair or inconclusive, the editors should consider publishing an expression of concern. COPE guidelines regarding correction, retraction, or expression of concern are considered.
Publication of Studies Based on Surveys and Interviews
Baberti Journal adopts the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)'s "Codes of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "Codes of Conduct for Journal Publishers" to establish ethical assurance in scientific periodical publishing. In this context, the following should be observed in the studies submitted to the journal:
1. For research conducted in all scientific fields that require ethical board approval (ethical board approval must be obtained; this approval must be stated and documented in the article).
2. In research requiring ethical board approval, information about the approval (board name, date and number) should be included in the methods section, as well as on one of the first/last pages of the article; information about the signature of the informed volunteer consent form should be included in the case presentations.

Special Issue Publication Policy
A special issue can be published once a year in our journal at the request of the Editorial Board. Articles submitted for inclusion in the special issue are first subjected to editorial pre-review. Then, they are examined for compliance with the journal's writing rules and scanned for plagiarism. After these stages, they are taken to the peer review process using the double-blind peer review model.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
The editors of Baberti Journal treat all submitted papers as confidential documents; this means that they will not disclose information about a paper to anyone without the authors' permission. The following people can access articles during the article review process: Editors, Reviewers, and Editorial Board Members. The only situation where details about an article can be communicated to a third party without the authors' permission is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
Baberti Journal's editors treat all submitted papers as confidential documents, meaning they will not disclose information about a paper to anyone without the authors' permission. The following people can access articles during the article review process: Editors, Reviewers, and Editorial Board Members. The only situation where details about an article can be communicated to a third party without the authors' permission is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.

Scientific Misconduct Allegations-Suspicions
There are different definitions of scientific misconduct. We handle these issues on a case-by-case basis, following the guidance established by major publication ethics organizations. The editor is responsible for taking action if they suspect or are alleged to have committed an ethical violation. This duty covers both published and unpublished articles. The editor should not simply reject articles that raise concerns about possible misconduct. They are responsible for following up on ethically alleged cases. The editor should follow COPE flowcharts when appropriate. The editors should first request a response from the person suspected of misconduct. If they are unsatisfied with the response, they should ask the relevant employer or institution to review it. The editor should make all reasonable efforts to ensure that a proper investigation is conducted into the alleged misconduct; if this does not happen, the editor should make all reasonable attempts to insist on a solution to the problem. This is a tedious but essential task.
Baberti adheres to COPE's Ethical Toolkit for Successful Publication. Journal editors will take measures to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data fabrication, data falsification, and other research misconduct have occurred. In no case will the editorial board or editors knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. If Baberti editors become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journals, they will follow COPE's guidelines to deal with the allegations.
Reviewers should report any suspicion of research or publication misconduct to the editor. The editor is responsible for taking the necessary action following COPE recommendation.
Baberti is committed to applying COPE flowcharts when faced with allegations of misconduct in the following or similar areas:
• What to do when there is a suspicion of duplicate publication
• What to do when there is a suspicion of plagiarism
• What to do when there is a suspicion of data fabrication
• What to do when there are requests for changes in authorship
• What to do when there is a suspicion of an undisclosed conflict of interest
• What to do when there is a suspicion of ghost-writing or gift authorship
• What to do when there is a suspicion of an ethical problem in an article
• What to do when there is a suspicion of an ethical violation directly reported by email
• What to do when there is a suspicion of an ethical violation announced through social media

Complaint Procedure
This procedure applies to complaints about content, procedures, or policies that are the responsibility of the editor or our editorial staff. Complaints can provide an opportunity and incentive for improvement, and we aim to respond quickly, politely, and constructively.
The complaint must be about content, procedures, or policies that are the responsibility of the editor or our editorial staff. Complaints should be sent directly to ilafdergi@bayburt.edu.tr by email and will be treated confidentially. The editor will respond to complaints as soon as possible. The editor will follow the procedure outlined in the COPE flowchart for complaints.
Complaints will be reviewed by the relevant member of the editorial team, and if they cannot be resolved, the following processes will be followed:
• If this initial response is deemed inadequate, the complainant may request that their complaint be referred to a more senior journal member.
• If the complainant is unsatisfied, complaints can be referred to the Editor-in-Chief.
Just to let you know, a complete response will be provided within two weeks.
COPE publishes a code of conduct for scientific journal editors. This will facilitate the resolution of disputes between editors, journals, and publishers, but it can only be resolved after the journal's own complaints procedure has been exhausted.

Appeals Process
We welcome severe appeals against decisions made by editors and reviewers. If you believe we have rejected your article due to a misunderstanding of its scientific content, please send an appealing message to our editorial team at ilafdergi@bayburt.edu.tr. Please don't try to submit a revised version of your article at this stage. If we agree with your appeal after reading your appeal letter, we invite you to submit a revised version of your article for further peer review. Please include as much detail as possible in your appeal letter. Finally, we can only consider one appeal per article, so please take the time and effort to write your letter in detail to state your appeal clearly - you only have one chance, so make it good. We have found that prolonged discussions over rejected articles are generally unsatisfactory for authors or editors, so we only process one appeal for the same work.

Conflicts of Interest
A conflict of interest arises when professional judgment regarding a primary interest could be influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal competition). We need to know about authors' competing interests to make the best decision about how to handle a paper, and readers should also know about them if we publish the paper.
These are any financial or other interests that could create a conflict for the person in their work, significantly impair their objectivity, or provide an unfair advantage to any person or organization. All sources of financial support received during the research and the role of sponsors in the study should be disclosed. If there is no source of funding, this should also be stated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that must be disclosed include consultancies, salaries, and grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed as early as possible.
Baberti has a designated process for handling submissions from editors, employees, or editorial board members to ensure impartial review. Such submissions are primarily directed to other journals. If this is not possible, the owner of the submission is suspended from their position in the journal. These submissions are reviewed in a double-masked process.
The editor should not be involved in decisions about articles written by themselves or family members. In addition, such work must be subject to all the journal's usual procedures. The editor should follow the COPE guidelines on disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers.

Research Ethics Principles
Baberti adheres to the highest standards of research ethics and adopts the international research ethics principles defined below. The authors are responsible for compliance with the ethical rules of the manuscripts.
• Integrity, quality, and transparency principles should be sustained when designing, reviewing, and conducting research.
• The research team and participants should be fully informed about the research's aim, methods, anticipated potential uses, and the requirements and risks of participation in the study.
• The confidentiality of the information the research participants provided and the respondents' anonymity should be protected. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the research participants.
• Research participants should voluntarily participate in the research and should not be under any coercion.
• Harm to participants should be avoided. Research should be planned in such a way that does not put participants at risk.
• There should be openness and clarity regarding research independence; conflicts of interest should be disclosed.
• In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent must be obtained from participants who agree to participate. Approval of the legal guardian of children and wards or those with a certified mental illness should be obtained.
• If the study is to be conducted in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from that institution or organization for the study to be undertaken.
• In studies involving human subjects, it must be stated in the "methods" section that informed consent was obtained from the participants and ethical committee approval was obtained from the institution where the study was conducted.