Review Article

Elisions of -g- at an Unusually Early Date in Turkic

Volume: 4 Number: 1 June 19, 2025
TR EN

Elisions of -g- at an Unusually Early Date in Turkic

Abstract

This study presents a re-evaluation of certain morphologically problematic words in Turkic languages, such as yastuk, batak, and batuk. It is observed that previous analyses have remained insufficient due to an underestimation of both semantic structure and phonological development. The conventional derivation of yastuk from yasta- with the suffix -(O)k is shown to be problematic on semantic and morphological grounds. Instead, it is proposed that the form derives either from yasta-gak (agentive) or yasta-gOk (instrumental), both of which align more consistently with expected functional roles. Similarly, batak is identified as polysemous, appearing both in the sense of ‘bog’ and ‘diving bird’, and it is demonstrated that these meanings arise from distinct morphological processes. The former is traced to bat-ïg+gak, indicating resemblance to a sinking place, while the latter is derived from bat-gak, with agentive semantics. The early elision of -g- in some derivations is discussed, with reference to multiple historical attestations, and is argued to be phonologically regular within specific contexts. Additionally, the origin of kulak (‘ear’) is reassessed, and the form kul-gA+gAk is proposed, justified through its morphological consistency and phonological variants. It is concluded that several Early Turkic word forms can be more adequately explained when morphological complexity and diachronic sound change are jointly taken into account.

Keywords

References

  1. Clauson, G. (1972). An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish. Oxford: Clarendon.
  2. Erdal, M. (1991). Old Turkic Word Formation: A Functional Approach to the Lexicon. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 2 vols.
  3. Işık, M. (2021). The animal names in the Book of Leviticus of the Gözleve Bible (1841). Part II: Bird species. Acta Orientalia 74.2: 345-372. DOI: 10.1556/062.2021.00017
  4. Stachowski, M. (2010a): Türkisch kulak ‘Ohr’, kul ‘Sklave’, kulun ‘Fohlen’. In Elżbieta Mańczak-Wohlfeld & Barbara Podolak (eds.): Studies on the Turkic World [= Fs S. Stachowski], 233–239.
 Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Linguistics (Other)

Journal Section

Review Article

Publication Date

June 19, 2025

Submission Date

May 17, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 30, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 4 Number: 1

APA
Manaster Ramer, A. (2025). Elisions of -g- at an Unusually Early Date in Turkic. BABUR Research, 4(1), 131-135. https://izlik.org/JA23KB92DX
AMA
1.Manaster Ramer A. Elisions of -g- at an Unusually Early Date in Turkic. BABUR Research. 2025;4(1):131-135. https://izlik.org/JA23KB92DX
Chicago
Manaster Ramer, Alexis. 2025. “Elisions of -G- at an Unusually Early Date in Turkic”. BABUR Research 4 (1): 131-35. https://izlik.org/JA23KB92DX.
EndNote
Manaster Ramer A (June 1, 2025) Elisions of -g- at an Unusually Early Date in Turkic. BABUR Research 4 1 131–135.
IEEE
[1]A. Manaster Ramer, “Elisions of -g- at an Unusually Early Date in Turkic”, BABUR Research, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 131–135, June 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA23KB92DX
ISNAD
Manaster Ramer, Alexis. “Elisions of -G- at an Unusually Early Date in Turkic”. BABUR Research 4/1 (June 1, 2025): 131-135. https://izlik.org/JA23KB92DX.
JAMA
1.Manaster Ramer A. Elisions of -g- at an Unusually Early Date in Turkic. BABUR Research. 2025;4:131–135.
MLA
Manaster Ramer, Alexis. “Elisions of -G- at an Unusually Early Date in Turkic”. BABUR Research, vol. 4, no. 1, June 2025, pp. 131-5, https://izlik.org/JA23KB92DX.
Vancouver
1.Alexis Manaster Ramer. Elisions of -g- at an Unusually Early Date in Turkic. BABUR Research [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 1;4(1):131-5. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA23KB92DX