Avrupa Savunma Entegrasyonu: İlk Evre ve Günümüze Mirası, Lizbon Öncesi (1999–2009) Birleşme ve Satın Alma Dalgasının Avrupa Savunma Mimarisine Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 115 - 148, 29.12.2025

Mahmut Şener

Abstract

Bu makale, Soğuk Savaş sonrasında 1999’da kurumsallaşan Avrupa Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası’nın (AGSP/ESDP), Lizbon Antlaşması’nın 2009’da yürürlüğe girmesiyle hukuki metinlere tam olarak dâhil edilerek Ortak Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası (OGSP/CSDP) adını aldığı dönemde, savunma sanayisindeki ilk dalga şirket birleşmelerini ele almakta ve bu süreci inşacı bir perspektiften stratejik, ekonomik ve politik boyutlarıyla incelemektedir. Temel araştırma sorusu: Bu Birleşme ve Satın Almalar (M&A), Avrupa Birliği’nin stratejik özerklik arayışını ve küresel bir güvenlik aktörü olarak ortaya çıkışını ne ölçüde desteklemiştir? M&A yalnızca ekonomik ve teknolojik bir süreç olarak değil, aynı zamanda AB seviyesinde kimlik ve norm inşasının bir mekanizması olarak da görülmektedir. Metodolojik açıdan çalışma; literatür taraması, BAE Systems, EADS/Airbus, Thales ve MBDA üzerine vaka analizleri ile Fransa, Almanya, İtalya ve Birleşik Krallık’taki stratejik kültürlerin karşılaştırmalı analizini kapsamaktadır. Bulgular, 1999-2009 dönemindeki birleşmelerin yenilik, verimlilik ve kısmi Avrupalılaşmayı artırdığını, ancak devletlerin farklı stratejileri ve korumacılık nedeniyle etkilerinin sınırlı kaldığını göstermektedir. Genel olarak birleşmeler, AB’nin güvenlik entegrasyonunu güçlendirirken stratejik kültürlerin kalıcı rolünü de vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

Avrupa Savunma Sanayi , Birleşme ve Satın Almalar (M&A) , İnşacılık , Stratejik Kültür , Stratejik Özerklik , Avrupa Güvenliği.

European Defence Integration: The First Phase and Its Legacy, The Impact of the Pre-Lisbon (1999–2009) M&A Wave on Europe’s Contemporary Defence Architecture

Abstract

This article examines the first wave of corporate mergers in the European defence industry during the period in which the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP), institutionalised in 1999, was fully incorporated into the EU’s legal framework and renamed the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) with the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009. The central research question asks: to what extent did these mergers and acquisitions (M&A) support the European Union’s pursuit of strategic autonomy and its emergence as a global security actor? M&A are understood not only as economic and technological processes but also as mechanisms of identity and norm construction at the EU level. Methodologically, the study employs a literature review, case studies of BAE Systems, EADS/Airbus, Thales and MBDA, and a comparative analysis of strategic cultures in France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom. The findings indicate that mergers between 1999 and 2009 enhanced innovation, efficiency and partial Europeanisation, yet their overall impact remained constrained by divergent national strategies and protectionist practices. Overall, these mergers strengthened the EU’s security integration while underscoring the enduring influence of national strategic cultures.

Keywords

European Defence Industry , Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) , Constructivism , Strategic Culture , Strategic Autonomy , European Security

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