BALKANLAR’DA BİR ANTİK ÇAĞ BÖLGESİ: DACİA

Year 2024, , 481 - 512, 25.12.2024

Rahim Kızgut

https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.1606794

Abstract

Eskiçağ’da dünyanın farklı coğrafyalarında pek çok medeniyet ve kültür görülmüştür. Bu coğrafyalardan biri de Balkan ya da Doğu Avrupa coğrafyasıdır. Dacia, bu bölgede var olan önemli bir merkezdir. Roma kaynaklarında genel olarak Dacia, Yunan Kaynaklarında ise Getae olarak adlandırılan bölge ağırlıklı olarak günümüzdeki Romanya ve kısmen Macaristan, Sırbistan, Moldova, Ukrayna ve Bulgaristan topraklarında yer alan bir bölgedir. Bölgede yaşayan halk da Dacialılar olarak adlandırılmıştır. Tuna nehri, Dacia ve Dacialılar için hayati önem arz etmiştir. MÖ I. binyıldan itibaren yerleşime sahne olan ve ilk Dacialılar olarak isimlendirilen kabilelere ev sahipliği yapan Dacia bölgesi, Roma dönemine kadar kesintisiz bir kültürel ve siyasal devamlılık göstermiştir. Sahip olduğu yer altı kaynakları ve konumu nedeniyle oldukça önemli bir bölge olan Dacia, Roma’nın geleneksel yayılım politikası içerisinde yerini almıştır. Bu bölgeyi ele geçiren Roma imparatorları “Dacicus Maximus” unvanına sahip olmuşlardır. Bölgenin yerli halkı olan ve yaygın tabirle Dacialılar olarak adlandırılan insanlar hem Roma tesirinden önceki kendine özgü sosyal, kültürel ve askeri yapıları hem de Roma kültürü ile tanıştıktan sonraki daha kozmopolit yapıları ile dikkat çekici bir yapı ortaya koymuşlardır. Bu çalışmadaki temel amaç; Dacia bölgesinin tarihî coğrafyası ile bölgenin sakinleri olan Dacialıların sosyo-kültürel ve sosyo-politik yapılarını antik ve modern kaynakların ışığında değerlendirmektir.

Keywords

Dacia, Getae, Tuna Nehri, Transilvania, Karpat Dağları

AN ANCIENT REGION IN THE BALKANS: DACIA

Abstract

In ancient times, many civilisations and cultures were observed in different geographical areas of the world. One of these geographies is the Balkan or Eastern Europe. Dacia is an important center in this region. The region, which is generally called Dacia in Roman sources and Getae in Greek sources, is predominantly located in today's Romania and partly in Hungary, Serbia, Moldova, Ukraine and Bulgaria. The people living in the region were also called Dacians. The Danube was of vital importance for Dacia and the Dacians. The Dacia Region, which has been the scene of settlement since the first millennium BC and hosted the tribes called the first Dacians, showed an uninterrupted cultural and political continuity until the Roman period. Dacia, a very important region due to its underground resources and location, took its place in Rome’s traditional policy of expansion. The Roman emperors who conquered this region had the title “Dacicus Maximus”. The indigenous inhabitants of the region, commonly known as the Dacians, were remarkable both for their distinctive social, cultural and military structures prior to Roman influence and for their more cosmopolitan structure after encountering Roman culture. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the historical geography of Dacia and the socio-cultural and socio-political structures of the Dacians in the light of ancient and modern sources.

Keywords

Dacia, Getae, Danube River, Transilvania, Carpathian Mountains

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