IMPACTS OF BALKAN WARS ON THE BIRTH OF TURKISH NATIONALISM: EXAMPLES FROM NAZIM HİKMET’S YOUTHFUL POEMS (1913-1930)

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 391 - 410, 30.12.2018

Bilge Kaan Topçu

https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.504209

Cited By: 1

Abstract

This study examines the influence of the
Balkan Wars on the formation of Turkish nationalism through examples from the
youth poems of Nazım Hikmet. The traces of the traumas created by the spatial
and cultural consequences of the Balkan Wars on the Turkish intellectuals of
the postwar period have been tried to be interpreted through literary works. In
this context, inferences were made through quotations from Nazım Hikmet’s poems
written between 1913 and 1930.

Keywords

Nazim Hikmet, Trauma, Balkans, Poetry

BALKAN SAVAŞLARI’NIN TÜRK MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİNİN DOĞUŞUNA ETKİLERİ: NAZIM HİKMET’İN GENÇLİK ŞİİRLERİNDEN ÖRNEKLER (1913-1930)

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Balkan Savaşları’nın Nazım
Hikmet’in gençlik şiirlerinden örneklerle Türk milliyetçiliğinin oluşumuna
etkisini incelemektedir. Balkan Savaşlarının savaş sonrası dönemin Türk
aydınları üzerindeki mekânsal ve kültürel sonuçlarının yarattığı travmaların
izleri edebi eserler üzerinden yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Nazım
Hikmet'in 1913-1930 yılları arasında yazdığı şiirlerinden alıntılar yaparak
çıkarımlar yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Nazım Hikmet, Travma, Balkanlar, Şiir

References

• A’dan Z’ye Nazım Hikmet, Ed. Memet FUAT, YKY, İstanbul 2002.
• AHMAD, Feroz, The Making Of Modern Turkey, Routledge: London and New York 1993.
• ________, The Young Turks The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish Policy 1908-1914, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1969.
• ________, Turkey The Quest For Identity, Oneworld, Oxford 2003.
• AKSAN, Doğan, Nazım Hikmet Şiirinin Gücü, Bilgi Yayınevi, Ankara 2009.
• AKYAZ, Doğan, “The Legacy and Impacts of the Defeat in the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 on their Psychological Makeup of the Turkish Officer Corps”, War & Nationalism The Balkan Wars. 1912-1913. And Their Sociopolitical Implications, Eds. M. Hakan Yavuz, Isa Blumi, The Universtiy of Utah Press, Salt Lake City 2013, pp. 739-769.
• ARISAN, Mehmet, “The Loss of Lost The Effects of the Balkan Wars on the Construction of Modern Turkish Nationalism”, War & Nationalism The Balkan Wars. 1912-1913. And Their Sociopolitical Implications, Eds. M. Hakan Yavuz, Isa Blumi, The Universtiy of Utah Press, Salt Lake City 2013, pp. 704-727.
• AYDEMİR, Sırrı Süreyya, Suyu Arayan Adam, 29th Edition, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul 2015.
• BABAYEV, Ekber, Nâzım Hikmet Yaşamı ve Yapıtları, İnklap Yayınevi, İstanbul 2002.
• BORA, Tanıl, “Türk Milli Kimliği: Türk Milliyetçiliği ve Balkan Savaşı”, In Yeni Balkanlar Eski Sorunlar, Eds. Kemali Saybaşılı-Gencer Özcan, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul 1997, pp. 183-207.
• ERSOY, Mehmed Âkif, Safahat, 6th Edition, Çağrı Yayınları, İstanbul 2008.
• ________, Çanakkale Şehitlerine, 1915, Translated by Halil Berktay.
• ________, İstiklal Marşı 1921, Translated by Halil Berktay.
• FUAT, Memet, NÂZIM HİKMET Yaşamı, Ruhsal Yapısı, Davaları, Tartışmaları, Dünya Görüşü, Şiirinin Gelişmeleri, 3rd Edition, Adam Yayınları, İstanbul 2001.
• GINIO, Eyal, The Ottoman Culture of Defeat The Balkan Wars and their Aftermath, Hurst, London 2016.
• GLENNY, Misha, Balkans 1804-1999, Granta Books, London 2000.
• HİKMET, Nazım, İlk Şiirler, 15th Edition, Adam Yayınları, İstanbul 1987.
• ________, İlk Şiirler, 16th Edition, Adam Yayınları, İstanbul 1998.
• ________, Şiirler 1 835 Satır, 13th Edition, Translated by Halil Berktay, Adam Yayınları, İstanbul 1995.
• HOBSBAWM, E. J., Nations and Nationalism Since 1780, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 1992.
• KARACA, Emin, Nazım Hikmet’in Şiirinde GİZLİ TARİH, Belge Yayınları, İstanbul 1992.
• KILIÇ, Engin, The Balkan War (1912-1913) And Visions Of The Future In Ottoman Turkish Literature, Leiden University Leiden Institute for Area Studies, Department of Turkish Studies, Faculty of the Humanities, Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Erik-Jan Zürcher, Leiden 2015.
• MACFIE, A. L, Orientalism, Longman, The University of Michigan 2002.
• MARDİN, Şerif, The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought A Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 1962.
• MAZOWER, Mark, The Balkans: A Short History, The Modern Library, New York 2000.
• MCCARTHY, Justin, “Ignoring the People”, War & Diplomacy The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 and the Treaty of Berlin, Eds. M. Hakan Yavuz with Peter Sluglett, The Universtiy of Utah Press, Salt Lake City 2011. pp. 429-449.
• ________, Death and Exile The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims 1821-1922, Darwin Press, Princeton New Jersey1995.
• MENEVŞE, Aslı, From Empire to Republic: A Study of Changes In Advertorial Prose, 1876-1928, Sabanci University Social Sciences Institute, Unpublished Master Thesis, Supervisor: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Yusuf Hakan Erdem, İstanbul 2010.
• ŞİRİN, Funda Selçuk “The Traumatic Legacy of The Balkan Wars for Turkish Intellectuals”, War & Nationalism The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913 And Their Sociopolitical Implications, Eds. M. Hakan Yavuz, Isa Blumi, The Universtiy of Utah Press, Salt Lake City 2013, pp. 679-704.
• YASAMEE, Feroz A. K., “Balkanlarda Milliyet: Makedonya Örneği”. Çev. Hale Yılmaz, In Yeni Balkanlar. Eski Sorunlar, Eds. Kemali Saybaşılı-Gencer Özcan, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul 1997, pp.71-87.
• YAVUZ, M. Hakan, “The Balkan Wars as a Catalyst for Hegemonization”, War & Nationalism The Balkan Wars 1912-1913 And Their Sociopolitical Implications, Eds. M. Hakan Yavuz, Isa Blumi, The Universtiy of Utah Press, Salt Lake City 2013, pp. 31-85.
• ________, “The Transformation of “Empire” through Wars and Reforms: Integration vs Oppression”, War & Diplomacy The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 and the Treaty of Berlin, Eds. M. Hakan Yavuz with Peter Sluglett, The Universtiy of Utah Press, Salt Lake City 2011, pp. 17-56.
• YENİSOY, Hayriye Süleymanoğlu, “1912-1913 Balkan Savaşlarının Edebiyata Yansıması”, Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol: 1, No: 1, December 2012, pp. 91-111.