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AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ GENİŞLEMESİ’NDE KOŞULLULUK İLKESİ: BATI BALKANLAR VE TÜRKİYE

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 363 - 399, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.841118

Abstract

Bu makale Avrupa Birliği (AB) koşulluluk ilkesinin Batı Balkanlar’da ve Türkiye’deki uygulanış şekillerini ele almaktadır. Koşulluluk, bir prensip olarak Avrupa Birliği genişleme politikasının en önemli araçlarından biridir. Bu doğrultuda makale ilk önce bu aracın nasıl ortaya çıktığını, Birliğin koşulluluk ilkesini nasıl oluşturduğunu tartışacaktır. Sonrasında Batı Balkanlar için koşulluluk ilkesi kapsamında uygulanan araçlar incelenecektir. Son olarak Türkiye’nin müzakere sürecinin inişli çıkışlı grafiği koşulluluk ilkesi bağlamında değerlendirilecektir. Koşulluluk ilkesinin AB üyelik yolundaki ülkelere uygulanışının karşılaştırmalı olarak iki farklı örneğinin tartışıldığı bu makale nitel araştırma yöntemini benimsemiştir. Buna göre AB koşulluluk ilkesi bağımsız bir değişken olmayıp ülkelerin farklı koşullarına göre şekillenmiştir. Sonuçta Batı Balkanlar ve Türkiye için iki farklı uygulama alanı ortaya çıkmıştır.

References

  • BAÇ Meltem Müftüler, “The European Union Enlargement: A Preliminary Look into External and Internal Scope Conditions”, MAXCAP (Maximizing the Integration Capacity of the EU), ss. 1-20.
  • ________, “The Revitalization of The Turkish European Union Relations: Old Wine in New Bottles?”, Istanbul Politikalar Merkezi IPC-MERCATOR Policy Brief, Aralık 2015, ss. 1-12.
  • ________, ÇİÇEK Aylin Ece, “A Comparative Analysis of the European Union’s Accession Negotiations for Bulgaria and Turkey”, MAXCAP (Maximizing the Integration Capacity of the European Union), Working Paper Series, No.7, Nisan 2015, ss. 1-34.
  • BECHEV Dimitar, “Carrots, sticks, and norms: the EU and regional cooperation in Southeast Europe”, Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, Cilt 8, No. 1, Nisan 2006, ss. 27-43.
  • BIERMANN Rafael, “The Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - potential, problems and perspectives”, Discussion Paper, 1999.
  • BÖRZEL Tanja A. ve GRIMM Sonja, “Building Good (Enough) Governance in Postconflict Societies & Areas of Limited Statehood: The European Union & the Western Balkans”, Daedalus, Cilt 147, Sayı 1, Kış 2018, ss. 116-127.
  • DAĞDEMİR Elif Uçkan, “Batı Balkan Ülkeleri ile Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği’ne Tam Üyelik Olasılıkları Üzerine bir Değerlendirme”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Cilt 59, Sayı 1, ss. 89-117.
  • DEMİRTAŞ Birgül, “AB’nin Dönüştürücü Gücü ve Batı Balkanlar’da Demokratikleşme Süreci, Başarılanlar ve Başarılmayanlar”, ATAUM, 2018, ss. 179-210.
  • DIMITROVA Antoneta.L., “The EU’s Evolving Enlargement Strategies: Does Tougher Conditionality Open the Door for Further Enlargement”, MAXCAP Working Paper, Sayı 30, Temmuz 2016, ss. 1-24.
  • ERDENİR Burak, “The EU’s Democratic Condionality in Turkey’s Political Reform Process“, TODAIE’s Review of Public Administration, Cilt 6, Sayı 4, Aralık 2012, ss. 129-158.
  • GRABBE Heather, “How Does Europeanization affect CEE Governance? Conditionality, diffusion, and diversity”, Journal of European Public Policy, Cilt 8, Sayı 6, 2001, ss. 1013-1031.
  • ________, “A Partnership for Accession? The Implications of EU Conditionality for the Central and East European Applicants”, Robert Schuman Centre Working Paper, Cilt 12, Sayı 99, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI): European University Institute, 1999.
  • ________, “Six Lessons of Enlargement Ten Years On: The EU’s Transformative Power in Retrospect and Prospect”, Journal of Common Market Studies, Cilt 52, Annual Rewiev, ss. 40-56.
  • KAHRAMAN Sevilay Elgün, “Rethinking Turkey-European Union Relations in the Light of Enlargement”, Turkish Studies, Cilt 1, Sayı 1, 2000, ss. 1-20.
  • KARAKAŞ Cemal, “Türkiye’nin AB Üyeliği Tartışmasi: AB - Türkiye Ilişkilerinde Aşamalı Entegrasyon”, Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, Cilt 3, Sayı 9, 2007, ss. 1-15.
  • ________, “Üye Olmadan Entegrasyon Mümkün mü? Türkiye’nin AB Üyeliğinin Hukuki Dayanakları ve Tam Üyelik Alternatifleri”, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, Cilt 4, Sayı 16, Kış 2007-2008, ss. 23-49.
  • KUBICEK Paul, “Political Conditionality and European Union’s Cultivation of Democracy in Turkey”, Democratization, Cilt 18, Sayı 4, 2011, ss. 910-931.
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  • ________, ENGERT Stefan ve KNOBEL Heiko., “Costs, Commitment and Compliance: The Impact of EU Democratic Condionality on Latvia, SLovakia and Turkey”, JCSM Journal of Common Market Studies, Cilt 41, Sayı 3, 2013, ss. 1-5.
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  • TRAUNER Florian, “From membership conditionality to policy condionality: EU external governance in South Eastern Europe”, Journal of European Public, Cilt 16, Sayı 5, ss. 774-790.
  • TURHAN Ebru, “Avrupa Birliğinin 3. Ülkelerle Harici Farklılaştırılmış Entegrasyon Modelleri ve Türkiye AB İlişkilerinin Geleceği”, Journal of Political Sciences, Cilt 27, Sayı 1, ss. 95-120.
  • YILMAZ Gözde, “From Europeanization to De-Europeanization: The Europeanization Process of Turkey in 1999-2014”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Cilt 24, Sayı 1, 2016, ss. 86-100.
  • ZHELYAZKOVA Asya, DAMJANOVSKİ Ivan, NECHEV Zoran ve SCHİMMELFENNİNG Frank, “European Union Conditionality in the Western Balkans: External Incentives and Europeanisation”, ed. Jelena Dzankic, Soeren Keil ve Marko Kmezic, The Europeanisation of the Western Balkans A Failure of EU Conditionality, Palgrave Macmillan, İsviçre 2019, ss. 15-37.
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EU CONDITIONALITY POLICY IN NEIGHBOURING GEOGRAPHIES: THE WESTERN BALKANS AND TURKEY

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 363 - 399, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.841118

Abstract

This article discusses the implementation of the EU conditionality principle in the Western Balkans and Turkey. Conditionality is one of the most important instruments of European Union enlargement policy. The paper will discuss first how this instrument was created by the Union; and then the specific instruments customised for Western Balkans within the context of the conditionality principle. Finally, bumpy graph of Turkey’s negotiation process will be examined in the context of EU’s conditionality principle. The article, within which two different examples of the implementation of EU Conditionality for candidate countries are compared, applies a qualitative methodology. Accordingly, the EU Conditionality is not an independent variable but is shaped according to the different circumstances of the countries. All in all, two different applications for the Western Balkans and Turkey are emerged.

References

  • BAÇ Meltem Müftüler, “The European Union Enlargement: A Preliminary Look into External and Internal Scope Conditions”, MAXCAP (Maximizing the Integration Capacity of the EU), ss. 1-20.
  • ________, “The Revitalization of The Turkish European Union Relations: Old Wine in New Bottles?”, Istanbul Politikalar Merkezi IPC-MERCATOR Policy Brief, Aralık 2015, ss. 1-12.
  • ________, ÇİÇEK Aylin Ece, “A Comparative Analysis of the European Union’s Accession Negotiations for Bulgaria and Turkey”, MAXCAP (Maximizing the Integration Capacity of the European Union), Working Paper Series, No.7, Nisan 2015, ss. 1-34.
  • BECHEV Dimitar, “Carrots, sticks, and norms: the EU and regional cooperation in Southeast Europe”, Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, Cilt 8, No. 1, Nisan 2006, ss. 27-43.
  • BIERMANN Rafael, “The Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - potential, problems and perspectives”, Discussion Paper, 1999.
  • BÖRZEL Tanja A. ve GRIMM Sonja, “Building Good (Enough) Governance in Postconflict Societies & Areas of Limited Statehood: The European Union & the Western Balkans”, Daedalus, Cilt 147, Sayı 1, Kış 2018, ss. 116-127.
  • DAĞDEMİR Elif Uçkan, “Batı Balkan Ülkeleri ile Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği’ne Tam Üyelik Olasılıkları Üzerine bir Değerlendirme”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Cilt 59, Sayı 1, ss. 89-117.
  • DEMİRTAŞ Birgül, “AB’nin Dönüştürücü Gücü ve Batı Balkanlar’da Demokratikleşme Süreci, Başarılanlar ve Başarılmayanlar”, ATAUM, 2018, ss. 179-210.
  • DIMITROVA Antoneta.L., “The EU’s Evolving Enlargement Strategies: Does Tougher Conditionality Open the Door for Further Enlargement”, MAXCAP Working Paper, Sayı 30, Temmuz 2016, ss. 1-24.
  • ERDENİR Burak, “The EU’s Democratic Condionality in Turkey’s Political Reform Process“, TODAIE’s Review of Public Administration, Cilt 6, Sayı 4, Aralık 2012, ss. 129-158.
  • GRABBE Heather, “How Does Europeanization affect CEE Governance? Conditionality, diffusion, and diversity”, Journal of European Public Policy, Cilt 8, Sayı 6, 2001, ss. 1013-1031.
  • ________, “A Partnership for Accession? The Implications of EU Conditionality for the Central and East European Applicants”, Robert Schuman Centre Working Paper, Cilt 12, Sayı 99, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI): European University Institute, 1999.
  • ________, “Six Lessons of Enlargement Ten Years On: The EU’s Transformative Power in Retrospect and Prospect”, Journal of Common Market Studies, Cilt 52, Annual Rewiev, ss. 40-56.
  • KAHRAMAN Sevilay Elgün, “Rethinking Turkey-European Union Relations in the Light of Enlargement”, Turkish Studies, Cilt 1, Sayı 1, 2000, ss. 1-20.
  • KARAKAŞ Cemal, “Türkiye’nin AB Üyeliği Tartışmasi: AB - Türkiye Ilişkilerinde Aşamalı Entegrasyon”, Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, Cilt 3, Sayı 9, 2007, ss. 1-15.
  • ________, “Üye Olmadan Entegrasyon Mümkün mü? Türkiye’nin AB Üyeliğinin Hukuki Dayanakları ve Tam Üyelik Alternatifleri”, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, Cilt 4, Sayı 16, Kış 2007-2008, ss. 23-49.
  • KUBICEK Paul, “Political Conditionality and European Union’s Cultivation of Democracy in Turkey”, Democratization, Cilt 18, Sayı 4, 2011, ss. 910-931.
  • ________, “The European Union and Grassroots Democratization in Turkey”, Turkish Studies, Cilt 6, Sayı 3, 2005, ss. 361-377.
  • NAS Çiğdem, “Turkey-EU Customs Union: Its Modernization and Potential for Turkey-EU Relations”, Insight Turkey, Cilt 20, Sayı 3, Yaz 2018, ss. 43-60.
  • PRIDHAM Geoffrey, ‘Change and Continuity in the European Union’s Political Condionality, Aims, Approach, and Priorities”, Democratization, Cilt 14, Sayı 3, 2007, ss. 446-471. ________, “Romania and EU membership in comparative perspective: A post-accession compliance problem? – The case of political conditionality”, Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 2007, Cilt 8, Sayı 2, ss. 168-188.
  • SCHIMMELFENNIG Frank, “EU Political Accession Condionality after the 2004 Enlargement: Consistency and Effectiveness, Journal of European Public Policy, Cilt 15, Sayı 6, 2008, ss. 918-937.
  • ________, ENGERT Stefan ve KNOBEL Heiko., “Costs, Commitment and Compliance: The Impact of EU Democratic Condionality on Latvia, SLovakia and Turkey”, JCSM Journal of Common Market Studies, Cilt 41, Sayı 3, 2013, ss. 1-5.
  • ________, SEDELMEIER Ulrich, “Governance by Conditionality: EU rule transfer to the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe”, Journal of European Public Policy, Cilt 11, Sayı 4, 2004, ss. 669-687.
  • TSARDANIDIS, Charalambos, “Güneydoğu Avrupa İstikrar Paktı’ndan Bölgesel İşbirliği Konseyi’ne”, 3. Uluslararası Balkan Kongresi, 2010, ss. 143-159.
  • TRAUNER Florian, “From membership conditionality to policy condionality: EU external governance in South Eastern Europe”, Journal of European Public, Cilt 16, Sayı 5, ss. 774-790.
  • TURHAN Ebru, “Avrupa Birliğinin 3. Ülkelerle Harici Farklılaştırılmış Entegrasyon Modelleri ve Türkiye AB İlişkilerinin Geleceği”, Journal of Political Sciences, Cilt 27, Sayı 1, ss. 95-120.
  • YILMAZ Gözde, “From Europeanization to De-Europeanization: The Europeanization Process of Turkey in 1999-2014”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Cilt 24, Sayı 1, 2016, ss. 86-100.
  • ZHELYAZKOVA Asya, DAMJANOVSKİ Ivan, NECHEV Zoran ve SCHİMMELFENNİNG Frank, “European Union Conditionality in the Western Balkans: External Incentives and Europeanisation”, ed. Jelena Dzankic, Soeren Keil ve Marko Kmezic, The Europeanisation of the Western Balkans A Failure of EU Conditionality, Palgrave Macmillan, İsviçre 2019, ss. 15-37.
  • Rapor AB Komisyonu, Sırbistan 2007 İlerleme Raporu, SEC(2007) 1435, Brüksel, 6 Kasım 2007.
  • AB Komisyonu, Sırbistan 2008 İlerleme Raporu, SEC(2008) 2698, Brüksel, 5 Kasım 2008.
  • AB Komisyonu, Türkiye 2015 İlerleme Raporu, SWD(2015) 216, Brüksel, 10 Kasım 2015.
  • AB Konseyi, Karadağ Müzakere Çerçeve Belgesi, 29 Mart 2012.
  • İnternet Siteleri http://ec.europa.eu, (13.11.2015).
  • http://eur-lex.europa.eu, (24.08.2015). https://europeanwesternbalkans.com, (26.03.2020).
  • http://europa.eu, (19.03.2016). http://t24.com.tr, (16.03.2016).
  • http://www.ab.gov.tr, (15.09.2015). http://www.abgs.gov.tr, (01.09.2015).
  • http://www.bbc.com, (24.08.2015). http://www.cvce.eu, (27.08.2015). http://www.dei.gov.ba, (13.09.2015).
  • http://www.diab.gov.tr, (15.09.2015). http://www.hri.org, (06.09.2015).
  • http://www.mfa.gov.tr, (02.02.2016). http://www.ohr.int, (13.11.2015). www.delmne.ec.europa.eu, (13.11.2015).
  • https://www.dw.com, (08.04.2020). http://tasam.org, (12.09.2015).
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sezin İba Gürsoy 0000-0001-5795-9982

Gülayşe Ülgen Türedi 0000-0001-9174-4846

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA İba Gürsoy, S., & Ülgen Türedi, G. (2020). AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ GENİŞLEMESİ’NDE KOŞULLULUK İLKESİ: BATI BALKANLAR VE TÜRKİYE. Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(2), 363-399. https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.841118

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