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YUNANİSTAN’DA PANHELLENİK SOSYALİST HAREKETİN (PASOK) KURULUŞU VE İKTİDARA YÜKSELİŞİ (1974-1981)

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 635 - 681, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.1036934

Abstract

Yunanistan’da 1967’den beri hüküm süren Albaylar Cuntasının 1974 yazında düşmesi ülkede parlamenter demokrasiye geçiş sürecini başlatmıştır. Sürecin hemen başında, 3 Eylül 1974’te de Andreas Papandreu Panhellenik Sosyalist Hareketi (PASOK) kurmuş ve Parti 1981 yılında iktidara gelmiştir. Panhellenik Sosyalist Hareket, demokrasinin yeniden tesis edildiği 1974 sonrası Yunan siyasetinde Yeni Demokrasi ile birlikte en önemli iki siyasi partiden birisi, hatta birincisi olmuştur. Papandreu ve partisinin getirdiği siyasi ve kültürel “değişim”, muhalefette olduğu 1970’lerin ikinci yarısı kadar iktidar yılları olan 1980’ler ve 1990’ların ilk yarısında da Yunanistan’a damgasını vurmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Panhellenik Sosyalist Hareketin kuruluş ve gelişim süreci analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma, Partinin siyaset sahnesine çıktığı 1974 ile iktidara geldiği 1981 yılları arasını kapsamaktadır. Hareketin merkezde olduğu çalışma ile cunta sonrası Yunanistan’ının siyasi sistemi ve partilerinin özelliklerine, incelenen dönem açısından ışık tutmak amaçlanmıştır.

References

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  • Apo To PAK sto PASOK: Logoi Arthra, Sunenteukseis, Deloseis tou Andrea Papandreou Ethnike Aneksatesia Laike Kuriarhia, Ladia, 1976.
  • ARMAOĞLU, Fahir, 20. Yüzyıl Siyasi Tarihi, Cilt 1-2: 1914-1995, Alkım, İstanbul 2005.
  • ASEMAKOPOULOS, Vasiles, Antitheseis kai Esoterikes Sugkrouseis sto PASOK ten Periodo 1974-1990. Ermeneutikes Opseis tes İstorikes Ekselikses tou Ellenikou Koinonikou Shematismou, Panteio
  • AUGERİNOS, Paraskeuas, E Allage Teleiose Noris, Vivliopoleion tes Estias, Athena 2013.
  • BÖLÜKBAŞI, Süha, “Kıbrıs Uyuşmazlığı ve Birleşmiş Milletler: 1954-1996 Arası Barışçı Çözümsüzlük”, Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi, (ed.) Faruk Sönmezeoğlu, Der Yayınları, İstanbul 1998, ss. 281-305.
  • CLOGG, Richard, A Concise History of Greece, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992.
  • ________, Parties and Elections in Greece: The Search for Legitimacy, C. Hurst &Company, London 1987.
  • DAFERMOS, Olimpios, Foitetes kai Diktatoria: To Antidiktatoriko Foitetiko Kinema 1972-1973, Ekdoseis Gavrielides, Athena 2009.
  • DUVERGER, Maurice, Political Parties, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York 1973.
  • ELEFANTES, Aggelos, Ston asterismo tou laikismou, O Polites, Athena 1991.
  • ELEFANTES, Aggelos ve KAVOURİARES, Makes, “PASOK: Laikismos e Sosialismos?”, Polites, Cilt 13, Ekim 1977, ss. 16-27.
  • ELEUTHERİOU, Roula, “Ennea xronia PASOK, Meros B, apo ten autoorganose ste grafeiokratia”, Anti, Cilt 241, 1983, ss. 26-32.
  • ERCAN, Fuat, Modernizm, Kapitalizm ve Azgelişmişlik, Bağlam Y., İstanbul 2001.
  • HRESTİDES, Hrestos Euaggelos, o anendotos agonas tes Enoses Kentrou: apo tis ekloges tou 1961 sten paraitese tou Konstantinou Karamanle, Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon (EKPA),
  • HRİSOGONOS, Kostas, “Suntagma kai politika kommata: Opseis tou elleimmatos demokratikes antiprosopeuses”, To Mellon ton Politikon Kommaton, Ed: Th. Demetres Tsatsos, Ksenofon I. Kontiades, .
  • JUDT, Tony, E Europe meta Ton Polemo, Tomos 3, Metafrase: Elene Asteriou, Ekdoseis Aleksandria, Athena 2012.
  • LURİNTZES, Hrestos, “Laikismos: E Ennoia kai oi Praktikes”, Ekloges kai Kommata ste Dekaetia tou ‘80, (ed.) Hrestos Lurintzes ve Elias Nikolakopoulos, Ekdoseis Themelio, Athena 1990, ss. 44-69.
  • ________, “To PASOK sten eksusia”, İstoria tou ellenikou ethnous, Ekdotike Athenon, Athena, 2000.
  • LYRINTZIS, Christos, “Political parties in post-junta Greece: A case of ‘bureaucratic clientelism?’, West European Politics, Cilt 7, Sayı 3, ss. 99-118.
  • ________, “The Rise of Pasok: The Greek Election of 1981”, West European Politics, 3 Aralık 2007, ss. 308-313.
  • MAURİAS, Kostas G., Suntagmatiko Dikaio, Ekdoseis Ant, N. Sakkoula, Athena- Komotine 2002.
  • MAVROGORDATOS, G.T., Rise of the Green Sun: The Greek Election of 1981, Centre of Contemporary Greek Studies King’s College, N. Sakkoulas, London 1983.
  • ________, Stillborn Republic: Social Coalitions and Party Strategies in Greece, 1922-1936, University of California Press, Berkeley 1983.
  • ________, “The Greek Party System: A Case of ‘Limited but Polarised Pluralism’?”, West European Politics, Cilt 7, Sayı 4, ss. 156-169.
  • MOSHONAS, Gerasimos, “E diairetike tome deksias-antideksias ste metapoliteuse (1974-1990)”, E ellenike politike koultoura semera, (ed.) N. Demertzes, Odusseas, Athena 1994, ss. 159-215.
  • MOSCHONAS, Gerasimos, “The Panhellenic Socialist Movement”, Social Democratic Parties in the European Union: History, Organization, Policies, (ed) R. Ladrech ve P. Marlière, Palgrave Macmillan UK,
  • MOUZELIS, Nicos, “The Greek Elections And The Rise of PASOK”, New Left Review, 108, March-April 1978, ss. 59-74.
  • MPAMPİNİOTES, Georgios D., Leksiko tes Neas Ellenikes Glossas, Kentro Leksilogias E.P.E., Athena 1998.
  • “O Kostes Kornetes sunthluvei enan metapoliteutiko mutho gia to Polutehneio”, Lifo, 2.11.2016.
  • ÖZBUDUN, Ergun, Siyasal Partiler, AÜHF Yayınları, Ankara 1979.
  • PAPADİMİTRİOU, Giannis, E Analampe tes Aristeras: Okto Sugklonistikes Eklogikes Anametreseis 1950-1967, Ekdoseis Filistor, Athena 2001.
  • PAPPAS, Takis S. “Political Leadership and the Emergence of Radical Mass Movements in Democracy”, Comparative Political Studies, Cilt 41, Sayı 8, August 2008, ss. 1117-1140.
  • ________, “The Transformation of the Greek Party System Since 1951”, West European Politics, Cilt 26, Sayı 2, Nisan 2003, ss. 90-114.
  • PAPPAS, Takis S. ve ASLANIDIS, Paris, “Greek Populism: A Political Drama in Five Acts”, European populism in the shadow of the great recession, (ed.) Hanspeter Kriesi ve Takis S. Pappas, ECPR Press, 2015,
  • PARRES, Fanes ve SKOLARİKOS, Kostas, “E Politike Summahion Tou KKE Stis Dekaeties 1950-1960. E Peira tes EDA”, Kommounistike Epitheorese: Theoretiko kai Politiko Organo tes Kentrikes Epitropes tou
  • RIZAS, Sotiris, The Rise of the Left in Southern Europe: Anglo-American Responses, Routledge, London 2019.
  • RİZAS, Soteres, Konstantinos Karamanles: E Ellada apo ton Emfulio ste Metapoliteuse, Metaihmio, Athena 2017.
  • SEFERIADES, Seraphim, “Polarization and Non-Proportionality, The Greek Party System in the Postwar Era”, Comparative Politics, Cilt 19, Sayı 1, Ekim 1986, ss. 69-93.
  • SEMİTES, Kostas, Dromoi Zoes, Ekd. Polis, Athena 2015.
  • SPOURDALAKES, Mihales, “O ellenikos laikismos stis sunthekes tou autarhikou kratismou,” Laikismos kai Politike, (ed.) N. Mouzeles ve Th. Lipoavats ve M. Spourdalakes, ekd. Gnose, Athena 1989.
  • ________, PASOK: Komma, Kratos, Koinonia, Ekd. Patakes, Athena 1998.
  • ________, “To Kommatiko Fainomeno: Ekselikse ki Sugkiria”, To Mellon ton Politikon Kommaton, (ed.) Demetres Th. Tsatsos, Ksenofon İ. Kontiades, Ekdoseis Papazese, Athena 2003, ss. 39-55.
  • SPOURDALAKIS, Michalis, Convergence of Political Parties: The Greek Case, The University of Manitoba, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Canada 1980.
  • ________, “The Greek Experience”, Socialist Register 1985/86: Social Democracy and After, Cilt 22, 1985/86, ss. 249-250.
  • ________, “PASOK: The Telling Story of a Unique Organizational Structure”, The Organization of Political Parties in Southern Europe, (ed.) Piero Ignazi ve Colette Ysmal, Greenwood Publishing Group, London 1998, ss. 202-220.
  • STOKES, S. C., “Political Parties and Democracy”, Annual Review of Political Science, Sayı 2, 1999, ss. 243-267.
  • TALAİPOROS, Demetres, E ennoia tes kommatikes entakses sta sughrona sosialistika kommata. Ta kommatika mele sto PASOK, Diplomatike Ergasia, Ethnikon kai Kapodistriakon Panepistemion
  • TSATSOS, Demetres Th., Suntagmatiko Dikaio (Protos Tomos), Ekd. Ant. N. Sakkoula, Αthena, 1992.
  • TZİOLLAS, Leuteres, “PASOK Eidikotera stoiheia tes poreias tou”, duo mere, Fulladio, Cilt 6, 1983, ss. 40-55.
  • VASİLEİADES, Damianos, O mithos tou Andrea: Oi Theoretikes vaseis tes Enoses Kentro, tou PAK kai tou PASOK, Enallaktikes Ekdoseis, Athena 2007.
  • VEREMES, Thanos, Doksa kai adieksoda: Egetes tes Neoellenikes İstorias, Metaihmio, Athena 2017.
  • VERNARDAKES, Hristoforos, E idruse, e ekselikse kai e metelikse tou PA.SO.K, sto Trianta Hronia Demokratia: To politiko sustima tes trites ellenikes demokratias 1974-2004, Panepistemio Kretes, 20-22
  • ________, Ta Politika Kommata sten Ellada 1974-1985 Sheseis Ekprosopeses kai Sheseis Nomimopoieses sto Fos tou Politikou kai Koinonikou Antagonismou, Panepistemio Athenon Tmema Politikon
  • “Apofase gia Mazikopoiese tou PASOK, 25/1/77”, Meniaio Enemerotiko Deltio, Cilt 1, 1977, ss. 16-26.
  • “Apologismos Douleias tes Ekteletikes Grammateias tou PASOK”, Meniaio Enemerotiko Deltio, Cilt 7-8, 1977.
  • Diakerukse Kuvernetikes Politikes, Sumvolaio me to Lao, Ekdotes: Grafeio Ekdoseon KE.ME.DİA, PASOK, 04.06.1981.
  • “Politike Eisegese pano sto Katastatiko”, Meniaio Enemertrotiko Deltio, Cilt 2, 1977, ss. 3-14.
  • XATZHVASİLEİOU, Euanthes, “Apo te Thespise tou Suntagmatos stis ekloges tou 1977”, İstoria tou Ellenikou Ethnous, Ekdotike Athenon, Cilt 16, 2000, ss. 313-324.

THE FOUNDATION AND RISE TO POWER OF THE PANHELLENIC SOCIALIST MOVEMENT (PASOK) IN GREECE (1974-1981)

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 635 - 681, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.1036934

Abstract

The fall of the Junta of Colonels, which had been reining in Greece since 1967, in the summer of 1974 ushered the transition into parliamentary democracy in the country. On 3 September 1974, at the very beginning of this transition process, Andreas Papandreou announced the founding of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) and the Party came to the power in 1981. Panhellenic Socialist Movement became one of the two most important political parties, or even the first, along with New Democracy in the Greek political scene after 1974, when the democracy was restored. The political and cultural “change” brought into by Papandreou and his party left its mark in Greece both during the second half of the 1970s, when the Party was in opposition, and during the 1980s and first half of the 1990s, when it was in power. In this study, the establishment and development process of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement has been analysed. The study covers the period between 1974, when the party appeared on the political scene, and 1981 when it came to the power. The purpose of the study, which focuses on the Movement, is to shed light on Greece’s post-junta political system and the characteristics of parties in terms of the studied period.

References

  • ANTONİOU, Theodora D., Stoiheia ameses demokratias sto anatheoremeno Suntagma tou 1975, Ekdoseis Ant, N. Sakkoula, Athena-Komotene 1988.
  • Apo To PAK sto PASOK: Logoi Arthra, Sunenteukseis, Deloseis tou Andrea Papandreou Ethnike Aneksatesia Laike Kuriarhia, Ladia, 1976.
  • ARMAOĞLU, Fahir, 20. Yüzyıl Siyasi Tarihi, Cilt 1-2: 1914-1995, Alkım, İstanbul 2005.
  • ASEMAKOPOULOS, Vasiles, Antitheseis kai Esoterikes Sugkrouseis sto PASOK ten Periodo 1974-1990. Ermeneutikes Opseis tes İstorikes Ekselikses tou Ellenikou Koinonikou Shematismou, Panteio
  • AUGERİNOS, Paraskeuas, E Allage Teleiose Noris, Vivliopoleion tes Estias, Athena 2013.
  • BÖLÜKBAŞI, Süha, “Kıbrıs Uyuşmazlığı ve Birleşmiş Milletler: 1954-1996 Arası Barışçı Çözümsüzlük”, Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi, (ed.) Faruk Sönmezeoğlu, Der Yayınları, İstanbul 1998, ss. 281-305.
  • CLOGG, Richard, A Concise History of Greece, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992.
  • ________, Parties and Elections in Greece: The Search for Legitimacy, C. Hurst &Company, London 1987.
  • DAFERMOS, Olimpios, Foitetes kai Diktatoria: To Antidiktatoriko Foitetiko Kinema 1972-1973, Ekdoseis Gavrielides, Athena 2009.
  • DUVERGER, Maurice, Political Parties, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York 1973.
  • ELEFANTES, Aggelos, Ston asterismo tou laikismou, O Polites, Athena 1991.
  • ELEFANTES, Aggelos ve KAVOURİARES, Makes, “PASOK: Laikismos e Sosialismos?”, Polites, Cilt 13, Ekim 1977, ss. 16-27.
  • ELEUTHERİOU, Roula, “Ennea xronia PASOK, Meros B, apo ten autoorganose ste grafeiokratia”, Anti, Cilt 241, 1983, ss. 26-32.
  • ERCAN, Fuat, Modernizm, Kapitalizm ve Azgelişmişlik, Bağlam Y., İstanbul 2001.
  • HRESTİDES, Hrestos Euaggelos, o anendotos agonas tes Enoses Kentrou: apo tis ekloges tou 1961 sten paraitese tou Konstantinou Karamanle, Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon (EKPA),
  • HRİSOGONOS, Kostas, “Suntagma kai politika kommata: Opseis tou elleimmatos demokratikes antiprosopeuses”, To Mellon ton Politikon Kommaton, Ed: Th. Demetres Tsatsos, Ksenofon I. Kontiades, .
  • JUDT, Tony, E Europe meta Ton Polemo, Tomos 3, Metafrase: Elene Asteriou, Ekdoseis Aleksandria, Athena 2012.
  • LURİNTZES, Hrestos, “Laikismos: E Ennoia kai oi Praktikes”, Ekloges kai Kommata ste Dekaetia tou ‘80, (ed.) Hrestos Lurintzes ve Elias Nikolakopoulos, Ekdoseis Themelio, Athena 1990, ss. 44-69.
  • ________, “To PASOK sten eksusia”, İstoria tou ellenikou ethnous, Ekdotike Athenon, Athena, 2000.
  • LYRINTZIS, Christos, “Political parties in post-junta Greece: A case of ‘bureaucratic clientelism?’, West European Politics, Cilt 7, Sayı 3, ss. 99-118.
  • ________, “The Rise of Pasok: The Greek Election of 1981”, West European Politics, 3 Aralık 2007, ss. 308-313.
  • MAURİAS, Kostas G., Suntagmatiko Dikaio, Ekdoseis Ant, N. Sakkoula, Athena- Komotine 2002.
  • MAVROGORDATOS, G.T., Rise of the Green Sun: The Greek Election of 1981, Centre of Contemporary Greek Studies King’s College, N. Sakkoulas, London 1983.
  • ________, Stillborn Republic: Social Coalitions and Party Strategies in Greece, 1922-1936, University of California Press, Berkeley 1983.
  • ________, “The Greek Party System: A Case of ‘Limited but Polarised Pluralism’?”, West European Politics, Cilt 7, Sayı 4, ss. 156-169.
  • MOSHONAS, Gerasimos, “E diairetike tome deksias-antideksias ste metapoliteuse (1974-1990)”, E ellenike politike koultoura semera, (ed.) N. Demertzes, Odusseas, Athena 1994, ss. 159-215.
  • MOSCHONAS, Gerasimos, “The Panhellenic Socialist Movement”, Social Democratic Parties in the European Union: History, Organization, Policies, (ed) R. Ladrech ve P. Marlière, Palgrave Macmillan UK,
  • MOUZELIS, Nicos, “The Greek Elections And The Rise of PASOK”, New Left Review, 108, March-April 1978, ss. 59-74.
  • MPAMPİNİOTES, Georgios D., Leksiko tes Neas Ellenikes Glossas, Kentro Leksilogias E.P.E., Athena 1998.
  • “O Kostes Kornetes sunthluvei enan metapoliteutiko mutho gia to Polutehneio”, Lifo, 2.11.2016.
  • ÖZBUDUN, Ergun, Siyasal Partiler, AÜHF Yayınları, Ankara 1979.
  • PAPADİMİTRİOU, Giannis, E Analampe tes Aristeras: Okto Sugklonistikes Eklogikes Anametreseis 1950-1967, Ekdoseis Filistor, Athena 2001.
  • PAPPAS, Takis S. “Political Leadership and the Emergence of Radical Mass Movements in Democracy”, Comparative Political Studies, Cilt 41, Sayı 8, August 2008, ss. 1117-1140.
  • ________, “The Transformation of the Greek Party System Since 1951”, West European Politics, Cilt 26, Sayı 2, Nisan 2003, ss. 90-114.
  • PAPPAS, Takis S. ve ASLANIDIS, Paris, “Greek Populism: A Political Drama in Five Acts”, European populism in the shadow of the great recession, (ed.) Hanspeter Kriesi ve Takis S. Pappas, ECPR Press, 2015,
  • PARRES, Fanes ve SKOLARİKOS, Kostas, “E Politike Summahion Tou KKE Stis Dekaeties 1950-1960. E Peira tes EDA”, Kommounistike Epitheorese: Theoretiko kai Politiko Organo tes Kentrikes Epitropes tou
  • RIZAS, Sotiris, The Rise of the Left in Southern Europe: Anglo-American Responses, Routledge, London 2019.
  • RİZAS, Soteres, Konstantinos Karamanles: E Ellada apo ton Emfulio ste Metapoliteuse, Metaihmio, Athena 2017.
  • SEFERIADES, Seraphim, “Polarization and Non-Proportionality, The Greek Party System in the Postwar Era”, Comparative Politics, Cilt 19, Sayı 1, Ekim 1986, ss. 69-93.
  • SEMİTES, Kostas, Dromoi Zoes, Ekd. Polis, Athena 2015.
  • SPOURDALAKES, Mihales, “O ellenikos laikismos stis sunthekes tou autarhikou kratismou,” Laikismos kai Politike, (ed.) N. Mouzeles ve Th. Lipoavats ve M. Spourdalakes, ekd. Gnose, Athena 1989.
  • ________, PASOK: Komma, Kratos, Koinonia, Ekd. Patakes, Athena 1998.
  • ________, “To Kommatiko Fainomeno: Ekselikse ki Sugkiria”, To Mellon ton Politikon Kommaton, (ed.) Demetres Th. Tsatsos, Ksenofon İ. Kontiades, Ekdoseis Papazese, Athena 2003, ss. 39-55.
  • SPOURDALAKIS, Michalis, Convergence of Political Parties: The Greek Case, The University of Manitoba, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Canada 1980.
  • ________, “The Greek Experience”, Socialist Register 1985/86: Social Democracy and After, Cilt 22, 1985/86, ss. 249-250.
  • ________, “PASOK: The Telling Story of a Unique Organizational Structure”, The Organization of Political Parties in Southern Europe, (ed.) Piero Ignazi ve Colette Ysmal, Greenwood Publishing Group, London 1998, ss. 202-220.
  • STOKES, S. C., “Political Parties and Democracy”, Annual Review of Political Science, Sayı 2, 1999, ss. 243-267.
  • TALAİPOROS, Demetres, E ennoia tes kommatikes entakses sta sughrona sosialistika kommata. Ta kommatika mele sto PASOK, Diplomatike Ergasia, Ethnikon kai Kapodistriakon Panepistemion
  • TSATSOS, Demetres Th., Suntagmatiko Dikaio (Protos Tomos), Ekd. Ant. N. Sakkoula, Αthena, 1992.
  • TZİOLLAS, Leuteres, “PASOK Eidikotera stoiheia tes poreias tou”, duo mere, Fulladio, Cilt 6, 1983, ss. 40-55.
  • VASİLEİADES, Damianos, O mithos tou Andrea: Oi Theoretikes vaseis tes Enoses Kentro, tou PAK kai tou PASOK, Enallaktikes Ekdoseis, Athena 2007.
  • VEREMES, Thanos, Doksa kai adieksoda: Egetes tes Neoellenikes İstorias, Metaihmio, Athena 2017.
  • VERNARDAKES, Hristoforos, E idruse, e ekselikse kai e metelikse tou PA.SO.K, sto Trianta Hronia Demokratia: To politiko sustima tes trites ellenikes demokratias 1974-2004, Panepistemio Kretes, 20-22
  • ________, Ta Politika Kommata sten Ellada 1974-1985 Sheseis Ekprosopeses kai Sheseis Nomimopoieses sto Fos tou Politikou kai Koinonikou Antagonismou, Panepistemio Athenon Tmema Politikon
  • “Apofase gia Mazikopoiese tou PASOK, 25/1/77”, Meniaio Enemerotiko Deltio, Cilt 1, 1977, ss. 16-26.
  • “Apologismos Douleias tes Ekteletikes Grammateias tou PASOK”, Meniaio Enemerotiko Deltio, Cilt 7-8, 1977.
  • Diakerukse Kuvernetikes Politikes, Sumvolaio me to Lao, Ekdotes: Grafeio Ekdoseon KE.ME.DİA, PASOK, 04.06.1981.
  • “Politike Eisegese pano sto Katastatiko”, Meniaio Enemertrotiko Deltio, Cilt 2, 1977, ss. 3-14.
  • XATZHVASİLEİOU, Euanthes, “Apo te Thespise tou Suntagmatos stis ekloges tou 1977”, İstoria tou Ellenikou Ethnous, Ekdotike Athenon, Cilt 16, 2000, ss. 313-324.
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Regional Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bilge Ustaoğlu This is me 0000-0003-1742-3109

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ustaoğlu, B. (2021). YUNANİSTAN’DA PANHELLENİK SOSYALİST HAREKETİN (PASOK) KURULUŞU VE İKTİDARA YÜKSELİŞİ (1974-1981). Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(2), 635-681. https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.1036934

For submission of articles to the JBRI:  baedergisi@gmail.com  

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