GEÇMİŞLE YÜZLEŞMEK: AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ SÜRECİNDE ARNAVUTLUK ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 275 - 313, 31.07.2023

Hatice Yazgan

https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.1323595

Abstract

Post-komünist ülkelerin Avrupa Birliği’ne (AB) katılma yolundaki süreçleri, büyük ölçüde komünizmden demokrasiye geçişleriyle eş zamanlı ilerlemiştir. Rejim değişikliği, bu ülkelerin eski otoriter yönetimlerin suç ve uygulamaları için geçiş dönemi adaleti önlemleri almaları anlamında bir “geçmişle yüzleşme” sürecine yol açmıştır. Bu bağlamda Arnavutluk, AB’nin mevcut genişleme gündeminin bir parçası olarak üzerinde durulmaya değer bir örnektir. Eski Yugoslavya ülkeleri arasında yaşanan etnik savaşların dışında kalan Arnavutluk, kendine özgü özellikleriyle komünist bir geçmişe sahiptir. Bu makale, Arnavutluk’un AB sürecinde komünist geçmişiyle yüzleşmesini ve aldığı geçiş adaleti önlemlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makalenin ana argümanı iki yönden ele alınabilir. İlk olarak, Arnavutluk geçiş adaleti sürecini 1990’larda başlatırken, AB etkisi bu yıllarda sınırlıdır. Bunun sebebi, Arnavutluk’un AB adaylığı yolunda ilerleyişinin ve AB’nin koşulluluk ilkesini sıkı bir şekilde uygulamasının 2000’li yıllarda gerçekleşmesidir. İkinci olarak, Batı Balkanlar olarak adlandırılan bölgede Rusya ile Çin ve Batı arasındaki rekabetin zirvede olduğu mevcut uluslararası koşulların, Arnavutluk’un AB ile daha sıkı bir şekilde uyumuna izin verebileceği ve bunun da geçmişle yüzleşmek için daha derin reformların yapılmasını sağlayabileceğidir.

Keywords

Arnavutluk, Avrupa Birliği, Geçiş Adaleti, Geçmişle Yüzleşme, Hukukun Üstünlüğü

COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST: CASE OF ALBANIA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION PROCESS

Abstract

Post-communist countries’ processes on their way to the European Union (EU) have extensively proceeded simultaneously with their transition from communism to democracy. The regime change led to a process of “coming to terms with the past” in the sense that these countries took transitional justice measures for the crimes and practices of the former authoritarian regimes. In this regard, Albania is a case worth considering as a part of the current EU enlargement agenda. As a country that was not involved in the ethnic wars between the former Yugoslavian countries, Albania experienced a different historical pace of a communist past with its peculiarities. This article mainly aims to analyse Albania’s coming to terms with its communist past and thus the transitional justice measures implemented in its EU process. The main argument of the article is twofold: First, EU impact was limited when Albania started its transitional justice period in the 1990s. This was due to the fact that progress in the EU process of Albania in terms of EU candidacy was enhanced in the 2000s and the impact of the strict EU conditionality became evident in these years as well. Secondly, the current international circumstances, in which the rivalry between Russia as well as China, and the West is at its peak in the so-called Western Balkans region, could allow Albania to be more closely aligned with the EU, which in turn may provide the necessary conditions for deeper reforms to come to terms with its past.

Keywords

Albania, European Union, Transitional Justice, Coming to Terms with the Past, Rule of Law

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