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THE REFUGEE CRISIS IN THE AEGEAN SEA: AN ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY COMPLEX

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 529 - 559, 31.12.2023

Tolga Öztürk , Seda Erkan

https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.1411762

Abstract

The phenomenon of migration varies according to factors in many different dimensions, this study deals with irregular migration and the events that occur in this context. Turkey, due to its geopolitical position, is a transit country in the irregular migration issue, in comparison with neighboring countries, Turkey has become a transit country for migrants due to its relatively higher level of development compared to Middle Eastern countries located to its south and east, and its lower level of development compared to European countries. In this study, the results and reasons for Syrian refugee’s attempts to use Turkey as a transit country and cross to Greece over the Aegean Sea will be analyzed from the perspective of Barry Buzan’s ‘Regional Security Complex Theory. This study focuses on the problem of whether a regional security complex has emerged in the Balkans due to the migration movement resulting from the Syrian Civil War, using Buzan’s theory as a framework, between Turkey and Greece.

Keywords

Migration Immigrant Refugees in the Aegean Sea Greece Turkey

References

  • AGHAZADA, Mirmehdi Mirkamil, “Greater Mediterranean Regional Security Complex: Myth or Reality?”, Vestnik RUDN International Relations, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2021, pp. 429-440.
  • AKKOYUNLU ERTAN, Kıvılcım, - ERTAN, Birol, “Türkiye’nin Göç Politikası”, Contemporary Research in Economics and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2017, pp. 7-39.
  • ARAS, İlhan, - SAĞIROĞLU, Akın, “Yunanistan ve Suriyeli Mülteciler: Avrupa’nın Kapısını Zorlamak”, Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2017, pp. 21-28.
  • ARCHIBUGI, Daniele, CELLINI, Marco and VITIELLO, Mattia, “Refugees in the European Union: From Emergency Alarmism to Common Management”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 2022, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 487-505.
  • BETTS, Alexander, “Towards a ‘Soft Law’ Framework for The Protection of Vulnerable Irregular Migrants”, International Journal of Refugee Law, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2010, pp. 209-236.
  • BOSILKOV, Ivo, - DRAKAKI, Dimitri, “Victims or Intruders? Framing the Migrant Crisis in Greece and Macedonia”, Journal of Identity and Migration Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2018, pp. 26-45.
  • BUZAN, Barry, “New Patterns of Global Security in the Twenty-First Century”, International Affairs, Vol. 67, No. 3, 1991, pp. 431-451.
  • _________, “Rethinking Security After the Cold War”, Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 32, No. 1, 1997, pp. 5-28.
  • _________, “The Southeast Asian Security Complex”, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1988, pp. 1-16.
  • _________, The Logic of Regional Security in The Post-Cold War World in The New Regionalism and the Future of Security and Development, Vol. 4, Palgrave Macmillan, UK 2000.
  • _________, People, States and Fear: The National Security Problem in International Relations, The University of North Carolina Press, 1983.
  • BUZAN, Barry, - WAEVER, Ole, Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
  • BUZAN, Barry, WAEVER, Ole and DE WILDE, Jaap, Security: A New Framework for Analysis, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998.
  • CANIBANO, Carolina, - WOOLLEY, Richard, “Towards a Socio‐Economics of The Brain Drain and Distributed Human Capital”, International Migration, Vol. 53, No. 1, 2015, pp. 115-130.
  • CANTAT, Céline, “Refugee Solidarity Along the Balkan Route”, Journal of Refugee Studies, 2021, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 1348-1369.
  • CASARICO, Alessandra, FACCHINI, Giovanni and FRATTINI, Tommaso, “Illegal Immigration: Policy Perspectives and Challenges”, CESifo Economic Studies, Vol. 61, No. 3-4, 2015, pp. 673-700.
  • CASTLES, Stephen, - MILLER, Mark J., Göçler Çağı: Modern Dünyada Uluslararası Göç Hareketleri, (transl.) Bülent U. Bal and İbrahim Akbulut, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul 2008.
  • ÇAKMAK, Gizem A., “Avrupalılaşmasının Aşil Tendonu: Göç Politikaları ve Yunanistan Örneği”, Mukaddime, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2018, pp. 39-58.
  • DILEK, Latif, Evcan, - NUSRET, Sinan, “Reconsidering ‘EU Actorness’ in Changing Geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean Region”, Insight Turkey, Vol. 24, No. 4, 2022, pp. 123-144.
  • ERDAL, Leman, - ÇOLAKOĞLU, Selçuk, “Siyasi Kriterler Açısından Yunanistan, Polonya ve Türkiye’nin AB Üyelik Sürecinin Değerlendirilmesi”, Ankara Avrupa Çalışma Dergisi, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2007, pp. 69-97.
  • ESCAMILLA GUERRERO, David, “Revisiting Mexican migration in the Age of Mass Migration: New Evidence from Individual Border Crossings”, Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 53, No. 4, 2020, pp. 207-225.
  • FAVELL, Adrian, “Immigration, integration and Citizenship: Elements of A New Political Demography”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 48, No. 1, 2022, pp. 3-32.
  • FITZGERALD, David S., - ARAR, Rawan, “The Sociology of Refugee Migration”, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 44, No. 1, 2018, pp. 387-406.
  • FRAZIER, Derrick, - STEWART INGERSOLL, Robert, “Regional Powers and Security: A Framework for Understanding Order Within Regional Security Complexes”, European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 16 No. 4, 2010, pp. 731-753.
  • GRIGORIADIS, Ioannis N., “Between Escalation and Détente: Greek-Turkish Relations in The Aftermath of the Eastern Mediterranean Crisis”, Turkish Studies, Vol. 23, No. 5, 2022, pp. 802-820.
  • HULIARAS, Asteris, - TSARDANIDIS, Charalambos, “(Mis)understanding the Balkans: Greek Geopolitical Codes of the Post-communist Era”, Geopolitics, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2006, pp. 468-469.
  • HUNTER, Lori M., - NAWROTZKI, Raphael, “Migration and the Environment”, International Handbook of Migration and Population Distribution, (ed.) Michael J. White, International Handbooks of Population, Vol. 6, Springer, Dordrecht 2016, pp. 465-484.
  • HUSEYİNOGLU, Ali, - EROĞLU UTKU, Deniz, “Turkish-Greek Relations and Irregular Migration at the Southeasternmost Borders of the EU: The 2020 Pazarkule Case”, Migration Letters, Vol. 18, No. 6, 2021, pp. 659-674.
  • KANG, Yoo-Duk, “Refugee Crisis in Europe: Determinants of Asylum Seeking in European Countries from 2008-2014”, Journal of European Integration, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2021, pp. 33-48.
  • KANU, A. I., Omojola, IMMACULATA, Olu and BAZZA, Mike Boni, “The National Migration Policy: A Critical Review”, Nnadiebube Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2019, pp. 94-106.
  • KAYA, Ayhan, “Migration as a Leverage Tool in International Relations: Turkey as a Case Study”, International Relations, Vol. 17, No. 68, 2020, pp. 21-39.
  • KIOUTSOUK, Chagial, Türkiye ve Yunanistan’da Uygulanan Göç Politikaları (1990 Sonrası), İstanbul University Social Sciences Institute, International Relations, MA Thesis, Supervisor: Assist. Prof. E. Zeynep Güler, İstanbul 2013, pp. 1-96.
  • KÜÇÜKBAŞOL, Yusuf, - PEKDOĞAN, Haydar, “Türkiye’nin Göç Yönetim Süreci ve Jandarmanın Dönüşümü”, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 2019, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 887-903.
  • LAURENTSYEVA, Nadzeya, - VENTURINI, Alessandra, “The Social Integration of Immigrants and The Role of Policy-A Literature Review”, Intereconomics, Vol. 52, No. 5, 2017, pp. 285-292.
  • NUI, Song, - FAN, Bing, “An Overview of the Middle East Immigrants in the EU: Origin, Status Quo and Challenges”, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi İGÜSBD, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2016, pp.51-72.
  • OKTAV, Özden Zeynep, - ÇELIKAKSOY, Aycan, “The Syrian Refugee Challenge and Turkey’s Quest for Normative Power in the Middle East”, International Journal, Vol. 70, No. 3, 2015, pp.408-420.
  • ONIS, Ziya, - YILMAZ, Suhnaz, “Between Europeanization and Euro‐Asianism: Foreign Policy Activism in Turkey during the AKP Era”, Turkish Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2009, pp. 7-24.
  • PROEDROU, Filippos, “Re-Conceptualising the Energy and Security Complex in the Eastern Mediterranean”, Cyprus Review, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2012, pp. 15-28.
  • ROZAKOU, Katerina, “Nonrecording the European Refugee Crisis in Greece: Navigating Through Irregular Bureaucracy”, Focaal, Vol. 2017, No. 77, 2017, pp. 36-49.
  • SADURSKI, Leszek, “Regional Security Complex Theory: Why Is this Concept Still Worth Developing?”, Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne, Vol. 75, No. 1, 2022, pp. 137-153.
  • SIADIMA, Maria, Immigration in Greece During the 1990’s: An Overview, King’s College London Mediterrannean Studies, MA Thesis, Supervisor: Prof. Rory Miller, London 2001.
  • STATHOPOULOU, Theoni, - EIKEMO, Terje Andreas, “New Perspectives on the European Refugee Crisis: An Empirical Review”, Journal of Refugee Studies, 2019, Vol. 32, No. Special Issue 1, pp. 2-12.
  • STERGIOU, Andreas, “The Post-Cold War Era”, The Greek-Turkish Maritime Dispute: Resisting the Future, Springer International Publishing, 2022, pp. 51-58.
  • STIVACHTIS, Yannis A., “A Mediterranean Region? Regional Security Complex Theory Revisited”, Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2021, pp. 416-428.
  • ŞAHİN, Kenan, “Ege Denizi’nde Yetki Alanları Paylaşımının Öncülü: Karasuları Sorunu”, Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, Vol. 17, No. 40, 2021, pp. 705-724.
  • TOCCI, Nathalie, “Europeanization in Turkey: Trigger or Anchor for Reform?”, South European Society and Politics, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2005, pp. 73-83.
  • TUNCEL, Gökhan - EKİCİ, Süleyman, “Göçün Siyasal Etkisi: Suriyeli Göçmenlerin Türkiye Siyasetine Etkisi”, Birey ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2019, pp. 48-72.
  • YAVAS, Gokcen, “Europeanization of the Aegean Dispute: An Analysis of Turkish Political Elite Discourse”, Turkish Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2013, pp. 520-539.
  • Internet Sources
  • BPB, https://www.bpb.de/themen/migration-integration/laenderprofile/english-version-country-profiles/505134/migration-and-migration-policy-in-greece/, (18.10.2023).
  • France 24, https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20221017-greece-and-turkey-trade-blame-after-dozens-of-nearly-naked-migrants-found-on-border, (17.10.2023).
  • Hellenic Republic Ministry of Migration and Asylum, https://migration.gov.gr/en/synantisi-ypoyrgoy-metanasteysis-kai-asyloy-k-dimitri-kairidi-me-ton-ypoyrgo-esoterikon-tis-toyrkias-stin-agkyra/, (25.10.2023).
  • MFA, https://www.mfa.gov.tr/baslica-ege-denizi-sorunlari.tr.mfa, (20.10.2023).
  • Presidency of Migration Management, https://www.goc.gov.tr/goc-projeleri56, (17.10.2023).
  • Turkish Ministry of Internal Affairs Directorate of Migration Management, https://en.goc.gov.tr/irregular-migration (30.12.2022).
  • UN Migration, https://weblog.iom.int/worlds-congested-human-migration-routes-5-maps, (17.10.2023).

EGE DENİZİNDEKİ MÜLTECİ SORUNU: BÖLGESEL GÜVENLİK KOMPLEKSİ BAĞLAMINDA BİR ANALİZ

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 529 - 559, 31.12.2023

Tolga Öztürk , Seda Erkan

https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.1411762

Abstract

Göç olgusu, birçok farklı boyutta etki eden faktörlere göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, yasa dışı göçü ve bu bağlamda meydana gelen olayları incelemektedir. Türkiye, coğrafi konumundan dolayı yasa dışı göç konusunda transit bir ülkedir; komşu ülkelerle karşılaştırıldığında, güneyi ve doğusunda yer alan Orta Doğu ülkelerine nazaran daha kalkınmış olması, Avrupa ülkelerine nazaran ise az kalkınmış olması nedeniyle göçmenler açısından geçiş ülkesi haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, özellikle Suriyeli mültecilerin Türkiye’yi transit ülke olarak kullanarak Ege Denizi üzerinden Yunanistan’a geçme girişimlerinin nedenleri ve sonuçları, Barry Buzan’ın “Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi Teorisi” perspektifinden analiz edilecektir. Bu çalışma Buzan’ın kuramından hareketle, Türkiye ve Yunanistan arasında; Balkanlarda, Suriye İç Savaşı’ndan kaynaklanan göç hareketinden dolayı bölgesel güvenlik kompleksinin ortaya çıkıp çıkmadığı sorunsalına odaklanmaktadır.

Keywords

Göç Göçmen Ege Denizindeki Mülteciler Yunanistan Türkiye

References

  • AGHAZADA, Mirmehdi Mirkamil, “Greater Mediterranean Regional Security Complex: Myth or Reality?”, Vestnik RUDN International Relations, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2021, pp. 429-440.
  • AKKOYUNLU ERTAN, Kıvılcım, - ERTAN, Birol, “Türkiye’nin Göç Politikası”, Contemporary Research in Economics and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2017, pp. 7-39.
  • ARAS, İlhan, - SAĞIROĞLU, Akın, “Yunanistan ve Suriyeli Mülteciler: Avrupa’nın Kapısını Zorlamak”, Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2017, pp. 21-28.
  • ARCHIBUGI, Daniele, CELLINI, Marco and VITIELLO, Mattia, “Refugees in the European Union: From Emergency Alarmism to Common Management”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 2022, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 487-505.
  • BETTS, Alexander, “Towards a ‘Soft Law’ Framework for The Protection of Vulnerable Irregular Migrants”, International Journal of Refugee Law, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2010, pp. 209-236.
  • BOSILKOV, Ivo, - DRAKAKI, Dimitri, “Victims or Intruders? Framing the Migrant Crisis in Greece and Macedonia”, Journal of Identity and Migration Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2018, pp. 26-45.
  • BUZAN, Barry, “New Patterns of Global Security in the Twenty-First Century”, International Affairs, Vol. 67, No. 3, 1991, pp. 431-451.
  • _________, “Rethinking Security After the Cold War”, Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 32, No. 1, 1997, pp. 5-28.
  • _________, “The Southeast Asian Security Complex”, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1988, pp. 1-16.
  • _________, The Logic of Regional Security in The Post-Cold War World in The New Regionalism and the Future of Security and Development, Vol. 4, Palgrave Macmillan, UK 2000.
  • _________, People, States and Fear: The National Security Problem in International Relations, The University of North Carolina Press, 1983.
  • BUZAN, Barry, - WAEVER, Ole, Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
  • BUZAN, Barry, WAEVER, Ole and DE WILDE, Jaap, Security: A New Framework for Analysis, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998.
  • CANIBANO, Carolina, - WOOLLEY, Richard, “Towards a Socio‐Economics of The Brain Drain and Distributed Human Capital”, International Migration, Vol. 53, No. 1, 2015, pp. 115-130.
  • CANTAT, Céline, “Refugee Solidarity Along the Balkan Route”, Journal of Refugee Studies, 2021, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 1348-1369.
  • CASARICO, Alessandra, FACCHINI, Giovanni and FRATTINI, Tommaso, “Illegal Immigration: Policy Perspectives and Challenges”, CESifo Economic Studies, Vol. 61, No. 3-4, 2015, pp. 673-700.
  • CASTLES, Stephen, - MILLER, Mark J., Göçler Çağı: Modern Dünyada Uluslararası Göç Hareketleri, (transl.) Bülent U. Bal and İbrahim Akbulut, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul 2008.
  • ÇAKMAK, Gizem A., “Avrupalılaşmasının Aşil Tendonu: Göç Politikaları ve Yunanistan Örneği”, Mukaddime, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2018, pp. 39-58.
  • DILEK, Latif, Evcan, - NUSRET, Sinan, “Reconsidering ‘EU Actorness’ in Changing Geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean Region”, Insight Turkey, Vol. 24, No. 4, 2022, pp. 123-144.
  • ERDAL, Leman, - ÇOLAKOĞLU, Selçuk, “Siyasi Kriterler Açısından Yunanistan, Polonya ve Türkiye’nin AB Üyelik Sürecinin Değerlendirilmesi”, Ankara Avrupa Çalışma Dergisi, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2007, pp. 69-97.
  • ESCAMILLA GUERRERO, David, “Revisiting Mexican migration in the Age of Mass Migration: New Evidence from Individual Border Crossings”, Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 53, No. 4, 2020, pp. 207-225.
  • FAVELL, Adrian, “Immigration, integration and Citizenship: Elements of A New Political Demography”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 48, No. 1, 2022, pp. 3-32.
  • FITZGERALD, David S., - ARAR, Rawan, “The Sociology of Refugee Migration”, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 44, No. 1, 2018, pp. 387-406.
  • FRAZIER, Derrick, - STEWART INGERSOLL, Robert, “Regional Powers and Security: A Framework for Understanding Order Within Regional Security Complexes”, European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 16 No. 4, 2010, pp. 731-753.
  • GRIGORIADIS, Ioannis N., “Between Escalation and Détente: Greek-Turkish Relations in The Aftermath of the Eastern Mediterranean Crisis”, Turkish Studies, Vol. 23, No. 5, 2022, pp. 802-820.
  • HULIARAS, Asteris, - TSARDANIDIS, Charalambos, “(Mis)understanding the Balkans: Greek Geopolitical Codes of the Post-communist Era”, Geopolitics, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2006, pp. 468-469.
  • HUNTER, Lori M., - NAWROTZKI, Raphael, “Migration and the Environment”, International Handbook of Migration and Population Distribution, (ed.) Michael J. White, International Handbooks of Population, Vol. 6, Springer, Dordrecht 2016, pp. 465-484.
  • HUSEYİNOGLU, Ali, - EROĞLU UTKU, Deniz, “Turkish-Greek Relations and Irregular Migration at the Southeasternmost Borders of the EU: The 2020 Pazarkule Case”, Migration Letters, Vol. 18, No. 6, 2021, pp. 659-674.
  • KANG, Yoo-Duk, “Refugee Crisis in Europe: Determinants of Asylum Seeking in European Countries from 2008-2014”, Journal of European Integration, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2021, pp. 33-48.
  • KANU, A. I., Omojola, IMMACULATA, Olu and BAZZA, Mike Boni, “The National Migration Policy: A Critical Review”, Nnadiebube Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2019, pp. 94-106.
  • KAYA, Ayhan, “Migration as a Leverage Tool in International Relations: Turkey as a Case Study”, International Relations, Vol. 17, No. 68, 2020, pp. 21-39.
  • KIOUTSOUK, Chagial, Türkiye ve Yunanistan’da Uygulanan Göç Politikaları (1990 Sonrası), İstanbul University Social Sciences Institute, International Relations, MA Thesis, Supervisor: Assist. Prof. E. Zeynep Güler, İstanbul 2013, pp. 1-96.
  • KÜÇÜKBAŞOL, Yusuf, - PEKDOĞAN, Haydar, “Türkiye’nin Göç Yönetim Süreci ve Jandarmanın Dönüşümü”, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 2019, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 887-903.
  • LAURENTSYEVA, Nadzeya, - VENTURINI, Alessandra, “The Social Integration of Immigrants and The Role of Policy-A Literature Review”, Intereconomics, Vol. 52, No. 5, 2017, pp. 285-292.
  • NUI, Song, - FAN, Bing, “An Overview of the Middle East Immigrants in the EU: Origin, Status Quo and Challenges”, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi İGÜSBD, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2016, pp.51-72.
  • OKTAV, Özden Zeynep, - ÇELIKAKSOY, Aycan, “The Syrian Refugee Challenge and Turkey’s Quest for Normative Power in the Middle East”, International Journal, Vol. 70, No. 3, 2015, pp.408-420.
  • ONIS, Ziya, - YILMAZ, Suhnaz, “Between Europeanization and Euro‐Asianism: Foreign Policy Activism in Turkey during the AKP Era”, Turkish Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2009, pp. 7-24.
  • PROEDROU, Filippos, “Re-Conceptualising the Energy and Security Complex in the Eastern Mediterranean”, Cyprus Review, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2012, pp. 15-28.
  • ROZAKOU, Katerina, “Nonrecording the European Refugee Crisis in Greece: Navigating Through Irregular Bureaucracy”, Focaal, Vol. 2017, No. 77, 2017, pp. 36-49.
  • SADURSKI, Leszek, “Regional Security Complex Theory: Why Is this Concept Still Worth Developing?”, Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne, Vol. 75, No. 1, 2022, pp. 137-153.
  • SIADIMA, Maria, Immigration in Greece During the 1990’s: An Overview, King’s College London Mediterrannean Studies, MA Thesis, Supervisor: Prof. Rory Miller, London 2001.
  • STATHOPOULOU, Theoni, - EIKEMO, Terje Andreas, “New Perspectives on the European Refugee Crisis: An Empirical Review”, Journal of Refugee Studies, 2019, Vol. 32, No. Special Issue 1, pp. 2-12.
  • STERGIOU, Andreas, “The Post-Cold War Era”, The Greek-Turkish Maritime Dispute: Resisting the Future, Springer International Publishing, 2022, pp. 51-58.
  • STIVACHTIS, Yannis A., “A Mediterranean Region? Regional Security Complex Theory Revisited”, Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2021, pp. 416-428.
  • ŞAHİN, Kenan, “Ege Denizi’nde Yetki Alanları Paylaşımının Öncülü: Karasuları Sorunu”, Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, Vol. 17, No. 40, 2021, pp. 705-724.
  • TOCCI, Nathalie, “Europeanization in Turkey: Trigger or Anchor for Reform?”, South European Society and Politics, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2005, pp. 73-83.
  • TUNCEL, Gökhan - EKİCİ, Süleyman, “Göçün Siyasal Etkisi: Suriyeli Göçmenlerin Türkiye Siyasetine Etkisi”, Birey ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2019, pp. 48-72.
  • YAVAS, Gokcen, “Europeanization of the Aegean Dispute: An Analysis of Turkish Political Elite Discourse”, Turkish Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2013, pp. 520-539.
  • Internet Sources
  • BPB, https://www.bpb.de/themen/migration-integration/laenderprofile/english-version-country-profiles/505134/migration-and-migration-policy-in-greece/, (18.10.2023).
  • France 24, https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20221017-greece-and-turkey-trade-blame-after-dozens-of-nearly-naked-migrants-found-on-border, (17.10.2023).
  • Hellenic Republic Ministry of Migration and Asylum, https://migration.gov.gr/en/synantisi-ypoyrgoy-metanasteysis-kai-asyloy-k-dimitri-kairidi-me-ton-ypoyrgo-esoterikon-tis-toyrkias-stin-agkyra/, (25.10.2023).
  • MFA, https://www.mfa.gov.tr/baslica-ege-denizi-sorunlari.tr.mfa, (20.10.2023).
  • Presidency of Migration Management, https://www.goc.gov.tr/goc-projeleri56, (17.10.2023).
  • Turkish Ministry of Internal Affairs Directorate of Migration Management, https://en.goc.gov.tr/irregular-migration (30.12.2022).
  • UN Migration, https://weblog.iom.int/worlds-congested-human-migration-routes-5-maps, (17.10.2023).
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Regional Studies, International Relations (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tolga Öztürk 0000-0002-8236-0389

Seda Erkan 0000-0002-7074-3526

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Öztürk, T., & Erkan, S. (2023). THE REFUGEE CRISIS IN THE AEGEAN SEA: AN ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY COMPLEX. Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(2), 529-559. https://doi.org/10.30903/Balkan.1411762
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