Nomofobinin Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Cinsiyetin Düzenleyicilik Rolü

Yıl 2023, , 325 - 333, 30.09.2023

Sevil Çınar Özbay , Selma Durmuş Sarıkahya , Özkan Özbay , Aysun Akçam , Yalçin Kanbay

https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.1166232

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, nomofobinin dijital oyun bağımlılığı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak ve bu etkide cinsiyet değişkeninin düzenleyicilik rolünü incelemektir.
Yöntem: Çalışmanın evrenini Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören ön lisans ve lisans öğrencileri oluşturmuştur. Bu öğrencilerden dijital oyun oynadığını belirten 1074 öğrenci çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracında “Öğrenci Bilgi Formu”, “Fırat Nomofobi Ölçeği” ve “Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Değişik sosyoekonomik düzeylerden öğrencinin yer aldığı bu çalışmanın %60,7’si kadın öğrencilerden oluşmakta olup, katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 21,5 ± 2,9 (Min=17; Max=38) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre nomofobinin dijital oyun bağımlılığı üzerinde etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu etkide cinsiyet değişkeninin moderatör etkiye sahip olduğu ve bu etkide erkek cinsiyette olmanın kadın cinsiyete göre daha büyük etkiye sebep olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada nomofobi’nin dijital internet bağımlılığı değişkeni üzerindeki değişimin yaklaşık %16’sını açıkladığı belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Nomofobinin dijital oyun bağımlılığı üzerindeki etkisinde erkek cinsiyetin etkisinin kadın cinsiyete oranla daha büyük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin nomofobi ve dijital oyun bağımlılık düzeylerinin düzenli olarak değerlendirilmesi, onları etkileyen faktörlerin ayrıntılı olarak belirlenmesi için önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nomofobi, dijital oyun bağımlılığı, düzenleyici etki, ergen, cinsiyet

Moderator Role of Gender in the Effect of Nomophobia on Digital Game Addiction

Öz

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of nomophobia on digital game addiction and to examine the moderator role of gender variable on this effect.
Method: Associate or undergraduate level university students constituted the study population. The sample consisted of 1074 of these students who stated that they played digital games. “Student Information Form”, “Fırat Nomophobia Scale” and “Digital Game Addiction Scale” were used as data collection tools.
Results: The students with various socio-economic status consisted of 60.7% female, and the mean age was 21.5 ± 2.9 (Min=17; Max=38) years. Based on the findings, nomophobia was determined to have an effect on digital game addiction. Gender variable displayed a moderation effect, more prominent in male gender with respect to female gender. In addition, it was determined in the study that nomophobia explained approximately 16% of the change in the digital internet addiction variable.
Conclusion: The effect of male gender on the effect of nomophobia on digital game addiction is greater than the female gender. Regular evaluation of srudents' nomophobia and digital game addiction levels is recommended to determine the factors that affect them in detail.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nomophobia, digital game addiction, regulatory effect, adolescent, gender

Kaynakça

• 1. Aguilera-Manrique G, Márquez-Hernández V V, Alcaraz-Córdoba T, Granados-Gámez G, Gutiérrez-Puertas V, Gutiérrez-Puertas L. The relationship between nomophobia and the distraction associated with smartphone use among nursing students in their clinical practicum. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0202953.
• 2. Turkish Statistics Institute. (2021). The Household Use of Information Technology. http://tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=21779.Accessed 24.06.2022
• 3. Ayar D, Bektas M. The Effect of Problematic Internet Use and Digital Game Addiction in Adolescents on Nomophobia Levels. Int J Caring Sci. 2021;14(2):1081-1088.
• 4. Yalcin S, Bertiz Y. Qualitative Study on the Effects of Game Addiction on University Students. Sci Educ Art Technol J. 2019;3(1):27–34.
• 5. ESA. 2020 essential facts About the video game industry. Entertain Softw Assoc. 2020.
• 6. Goswami V, Singh DR. Impact of mobile phone addiction on adolescent’s life: A literature review. Int J home Sci. 2016;2(1):69–74.
• 7. Lemmens JS, Valkenburg PM, Peter J. Development and validation of a game addiction scale for adolescents. Media Psychol. 2009;12(1):77–95.
• 8. Ayas T. The relationship between Internet and computer game addiction level and shyness among high school students. Educ Sci Theory Pract. 2012;12(2):632–636.
• 9. Müezzin E. An Investigation of High School Students’ Online Game Addiction with Respect to Gender. Turkish Online J Educ Technol. 2015;1,55-60.
• 10. Martinotti G, Villella C, Di Thiene D, Di Nicola M, Bria P, Conte G, Cassano M, Petruccelli F, Corvasce N, Janiri L. Problematic mobile phone use in adolescence: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Public Health, 2011;19(6), 545–551
• 11. Pourrazavi S, Allahverdipour H, Jafarabadi MA, Matlabi H. A socio-cognitive inquiry of excessive mobile phone use. Asian J Psychiatr. 2014;10:84–89.
• 12. Spitzer M. M-Learning? When it comes to learning, smartphones are a liability, not an asset. Trends Neurosci Educ. 2015;4(4):87–91.
• 13. Ding D, Li J. Smartphone overuse–A growing public health issue. J Psychol Psychother. 2017;7(289):487–2161.
• 14. Kanbay Y, Akçam A, Özbay SÇ, Özbay Ö, Fırat M. Developing Fırat Nomophobia Scale and investigating its psychometric properties. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35415930
• 15. King ALS, Valenca A-M, Silva A-CO, Baczynski T, Carvalho MR, Nardi AE. Nomophobia: Dependency on virtual environments or social phobia? Comput Human Behav. 2013;29(1):140–144.
• 16. Yildirim C, Correia A-P. Exploring the dimensions of nomophobia: Development and validation of a self-reported questionnaire. Comput Human Behav. 2015;49:130–137.
• 17. Mail D. Nomophobia is the fear of being out of mobile phone contact-and it’s the plague of our 24/7 age. Dailymail. co. uk; 2008. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/ news/article-550610/Nomophobia-fear-mobile-phonecontact– plague-24-7-age.html (accessed 7 May 2022).
• 18. SecurEnvoy. 66% of the population suffer from Nomophobia the fear of being without their phone. 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from https://www.securenvoy.com/blog/2012/02/16/66-of-thepopulation-suffer-from-nomophobia-the-fear-of-being-without-their-phone/
• 19. Gezgin DM, Cakir O, Yildirim S. The Relationship between Levels of Nomophobia Prevalence and Internet Addiction among High School Students: The Factors Influencing Nomophobia. Int J Res Educ Sci. 2018;4(1):215–225.
• 20. Rodríguez-García A-M, Moreno-Guerrero A-J, Lopez Belmonte J. Nomophobia: An individual’s growing fear of being without a smartphone—a systematic literature review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(2):580.
• 21. Tavolacci M-P, Meyrignac G, Richard L, Dechelotte P, Ladner J. Problematic use of mobile phone and nomophobia among French college students: Marie-Pierre Tavolacci. Eur J Public Health. 2015;25(suppl_3):ckv172-088.
• 22. Bragazzi NL, Del Puente G. A proposal for including nomophobia in the new DSM-V. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2014;7:155-160.
• 23. Gezgin DM, Çakır Ö. Analysis of nomofobic behaviors of adolescents regarding various factors. J Hum Sci. 2016;13(2):2504–2519.
• 24. Dixit S, Shukla H, Bhagwat AK, Bindal A, Goyal A, Zaidi AK, et al. A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence among students of a medical college and associated hospital of central India. Indian J community Med Off Publ Indian Assoc Prev Soc Med. 2010;35(2):339-341.
• 25. Erdem H, Türen U, Kalkın G. No mobile phone phobia (nomophobia) prevalence: Samples of undergraduate students and public employees from Turkey. Inf Technol J. 2017;10(1):1–12.
• 26. Gezgin DM. Explorıng the ınfluence of the patterns of mobıle ınternet use on unıversıty students’nomophobıa levels. European Journal of Education Studies. 2017;3(6),29,52Stud.
• 27. Sharma N, Sharma P, Sharma N, Wavare RR. Rising concern of nomophobia amongst Indian medical students. Int J Res Med Sci. 2015;3(3):705–707.
• 28. Lee S, Tam CL, Chie QT. Mobile phone usage preferences: The contributing factors of personality, social anxiety and loneliness. Soc Indic Res. 2014;118(3):1205–1228.
• 29. Zethy C, Octaviani UF. Nomophobia Around Us. J Innov Res Soc Sci Humanit. 2017;1(1):16–20.
• 30. Bath M, Kaur G. A descriptive study to assess the risk of developing nomophobia among students of selected medical colleges of Punjab. Indian J Heal Wellbeing. 2020;11(10–12):548–551.
• 31. Cheever NA, Rosen LD, Carrier LM, Chavez A. Out of sight is not out of mind: The impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Comput Human Behav. 2014;37:290–297.
• 32. Pavithra MB, Madhukumar S, TS MM. A study on nomophobia-mobile phone dependence, among students of a medical college in Bangalore. Natl J community Med. 2015;6(03):340–344.
• 33. Yalçın Irmak A, Erdoğan S. Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği. Anatol J Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg. 2015;16:10-18.
• 34. Hayes AF. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford publications; 2017.
• 35. Bayram N. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş amos uygulamaları: Ezgi Kitabevi. Baskı, İstanbul. 2010.
• 36. Choliz M. Mobile-phone addiction in adolescence: the test of mobile phone dependence (TMD). Prog Heal Sci. 2012;2(1):33–44.
• 37. Ayar D, Bektas M. The effect of problematic ınternet use and digital game addiction in adolescents on nomophobia levels. ınternational journal of caring sciences, 2021;14(2), 1081-1088.
• 38. Bian M, Leung L. Linking loneliness, shyness, smartphone addiction symptoms, and patterns of smartphone use to social capital. Soc Sci Comput Rev. 2015;33(1):61–79.
• 39. Jeong S-H, Kim H, Yum J-Y, Hwang Y. What type of content are smartphone users addicted to?: SNS vs. games. Comput Human Behav. 2016;54:10–17.
• 40. Kim D, Nam JK, Oh J, Kang MC. A latent profile analysis of the interplay between PC and smartphone in problematic internet use. Comput Human Behav. 2016;56:360–368.
• 41. Cha S-S, Seo B-K. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction in middle school students in Korea: Prevalence, social networking service, and game use. Heal Psychol open. 2018;5(1):2055102918755046.
• 42. Liu C-H, Lin S-H, Pan Y-C, Lin Y-H. Smartphone gaming and frequent use pattern associated with smartphone addiction. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(28)e4068.
• 43. Hou J, Nam Y, Peng W, Lee KM. Effects of screen size, viewing angle, and players’ immersion tendencies on game experience. Comput Human Behav. 2012;28(2):617–623.
• 44. Bae SM. Smartphone addiction of adolescents, not a smart choice. J Korean Med Sci. 2017;32(10):1563–1564.
• 45. León-Mejía AC, Gutiérrez-Ortega M, Serrano-Pintado I, González-Cabrera J. A systematic review on nomophobia prevalence: Surfacing results and standard guidelines for future research. PLoS One. 2021;16(5):e0250509.
• 46. Lee EJ, Kim HS. Gender differences in smartphone addiction behaviors associated with parent–child bonding, parent–child communication, and parental mediation among Korean elementary school students. J Addict Nurs. 2018;29(4):244–254.
• 47. Chen B, Liu F, Ding S, Ying X, Wang L, Wen Y. Gender differences in factors associated with smartphone addiction: a cross-sectional study among medical college students. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):1–9.
• 48. Weiser EB. Gender differences in Internet use patterns and Internet application preferences: A two-sample comparison. Cyberpsychology Behav. 2000;3(2):167–178.
• 49. Wang G, Suh A. Disorder or driver? The effects of nomophobia on work-related outcomes in organizations. In: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 2018. p. 1–12.