Yaşlılarda Bağımlılık

Öz

Yaşlı bireylerde madde kullanımı ile ilişkili bozukluklar, son yıllarda dikkat çeken sorunlardan biri olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Madde kullanımı ile ilgili 2015 yılında yapılan bir çalışmada hastaneye madde kullanımı ile ilişkili bozukluklar nedeniyle tedavi amaçlı başvuran yaklaşık 1,500,000 hastanın %17.3’ünü 50 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. Özellikle yaşlı bireylerde bir çok kronik hastalığın bir arada olması, çoklu ilaç kullanımı, böbrek ve karaciğer fonksiyonlarında değişiklik gibi bir çok neden madde kullanımının zararlı etkilerini önemli ölçüde arttırmakta ve sorunu çok daha karmaşık bir hale getirmektedir. Genç bireylerde madde ile ilişkili bozuklukları saptamak için bir çok tarama testi olmasına rağmen, aynı testlerin bir çoğu yaşlı bireyler için valide değildir. Alkol, şu an için en çok kullanılan madde olmakla birlikte, benzodiazepin, opiat grubu ilaçlar, marihuana kullanımı da gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Yaşlı bireylerde sorunun saptanması kadar tedavi de önemli bir konudur ve dikkatle değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bir çalışmada yaşlı bireylerde madde kullanımına bağlı tedavinin %250 oranında artarak 2020 yılında 4.4 milyon kişiyi etkileyeceği öngörülmüştür. Dolayısıyla yaşlı bireylerde madde ile ilişkili bozukluklar detaylı bir şekilde irdelenmelidir ve bu konu ile ilgili yeni araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yaşlılık,bağımlılık,alkol kullanım bozukluğu,madde kullanım bozukluğu

Dependence in the Elderly

Abstract

Disorders related to substance use in elderly individuals are one of the most noticeable problems in recent years. In a study about substance use conducted in 2015, 17.3% of the approximately 1,500,000 patients who applied for treatment due to substance use disorders were found to be 50 years of age or older. Many causes, such as the combination of many chronic diseases in elderly people, the use of multiple drugs, changes in kidney and liver functions, significantly increase the deleterious effects of substance use and make the problem much more complicated. Although there are many screening tests to detect substance-related disorders in young individuals, many of the same tests are not valid for elderly individuals. Alcohol is currently the most commonly used substance, benzodiazepine, opiate group drugs, marijuana use is increasing day by day. Treatment is also an important issue and needs to be assessed carefully as well as the detection of a problem in elderly individuals. In a study it was predicted that treatment related to substance use in elderly individuals would increase by 250% and affect 4.4 million people by 2020. Therefore, substance-related disorders in elderly individuals should be investigated in detail and new researches on this subject are needed.

Keywords

• dependence,elderly,alcohol use disorder,substance use disorder

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