Evaluation of AMATEM Data of Adiyaman Province: Data for 2018

Abstract

Objective: The leading centers in the treatment of substance use disorder (SUD) in Turkey are the Alcohol-Drug Addiction Research Treatment and Training Centers (AMATEM). In this study, we aimed to examine 2018 data of the single AMATEM outpatients in Adıyaman.

Method: The study was conducted as a retrospective study of AMATEM applications within 2018. Information such as gender, age and substance use characteristics of the applications were obtained from the patient recording system.

Results: A total of 401 applications were reached. The mean age was 25.75±6.90 years. The mean age was significantly higher in patients with alcohol use disorder than in the other diagnoses. 84.8% of the patients were diagnosed with opiate use disorder (OUD). The repeated applications were significantly higher in OUD than in other applicants. The rate of prescribing of buprenorphine+naloxane in OUD was 77.6%. Buprenorphine, buprenorphine+opiate and opiate positivity was higher than other parameters in urine toxic screening. 

Conclusion: This study is important in terms of revealing that opiate use is a serious problem in Adıyaman, Turkey. 

Keywords

• Substance use disorder,opiates,heroin,AMATEM,epidemiology

Adıyaman İli AMATEM Verilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: 2018 Yılı Verileri

Öz

Amaç: Ülkemizde madde kullanım bozuklukları (MKB) tedavisinde en önde gelen merkezler Alkol-Madde Bağımlılığı Araştırma Tedavi ve Eğitim Merkezleri (AMATEM)’dir. Biz bu çalışmada ilimizdeki tek AMATEM polikliniğine ait 2018 yılı verilerini incelemeyi amaçladık.

Yöntem: Çalışma, 2018 yılındaki AMATEM başvurularının retrospektif olarak incelenmesi şeklinde gerçekleştirildi. Başvurulara ait cinsiyet, yaş ve madde kullanım özellikleri gibi bilgilere hasta kayıt sisteminden ulaşıldı.

Bulgular: Toplamda 401 başvuruya ulaşıldı. Başvuranların ortalama yaş 25.75±6.90 yıldı. Alkol kullanım bozukluğu başvurularında ortalama ya diğer tanılara göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Hastaların %89.6’sı 20-29 yaş aralığındaydı. Başvuruların %84.8’inin tanısı opiyat kullanım bozukluğu (OPKB)’ydı. Mükerrer başvuruları OPKB’de diğer başvurulara göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti. OPKB’de buprenorfin+naloksan reçetelenme oranı %77.6’ydı. İdrarda toksik taramada en fazla buprenorfin, buprenorfin+opiyat ve opiyat pozitifliği saptandı. 

Sonuç: Bu çalışma, ilimizde opiyat kullanımının ciddi bir sorun olduğunu göstermesi bakımından önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Madde kullanım bozukluğu,opiyat,eroin,AMATEM,epidemiyoloji

References

1. 1. Örüm MH, Kara MZ, Kuştepe A ve ark. Bilişsel hatalar ve dikkat-eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu belirtilerinin madde kullanım özellikleri ile ilişkisi. Bağımlılık Dergisi–Journal of Dependence 2019; 20: 47-60.
2. 2. Ozen ME, Kalenderoglu A, Orum MH, et al. Topiramate add-on for treatment of migraine-type headache cures alcohol dependence: A case report. Journal of Mood Disorders (JMOOD) 2017; 7: 241-242.
3. 3. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği. Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal Elkitabı, Beşinci Versiyon, Editor: Köroğlu E, 2015.
4. 4. Koob GF. Antireward, compulsivity, and addiction: seminal contributions of Dr. Athina Markou to motivational dysregulation in addiction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234: 1315-1332.
5. 5. Koob GF. Addiction is a reward deficit and stress surfeit disorder. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4: 72.
6. 6. Liu JF, Li JX. Drug addiction: a curable mental disorder? Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39: 1823-1829.
7. 7. Orum MH, Kustepe A, Kara MZ, et al. Addiction profiles of patients with substance dependency living in Adiyaman province. Med Science 2018; 7: 369-372.
8. 8. Orum MH, Kara MZ, Egilmez OB, et al. Complete blood count alterations due to the opioid use: what about the lymphocyte-related ratios, especially in monocyte to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio?, J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 14: 1-12.

9. 9. Orum MH, Kara MZ, Egilmez OB. Relationship between immune cells and alcohol dependents and controls: what about the lymphocyte-related ratios? J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 39: 348-350.
10. 10. Orum MH, Kara MZ, Egilmez OB, et al. Evaluation of probation implementations of drug users in Adiyaman university training and research hospital: A one-year retrospective study. Med Science 2018; 7: 754-758.
11. 11. Ozen ME, Orum MH, Kalenderoglu A, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in patients attending remedial treatment due to substance use disorder in Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 2018; 8: 57-62.
12. 12. Özen ME, Örüm MH, Kalenderoğlu A. Hot shower therapy in cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: A case report. FNG & Bilim Tıp Dergisi 2018; 4: 142-144.
13. 13. Kustepe A, Kalenderoglu A, Celik M, et al. Evaluation of impulsivity and complex attention functions of subjects with substance use: Sample from Adiyaman province. Med Science 2019; 8: 67-71.
14. 14. O'Connor RM, Lopez-Vergara HI, Colder CR. Implicit cognition and substance use: the role of controlled and automatic processes in children. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2012; 73: 134-143.
15. 15. Addiction medicine. Closing the gap between science and practice. In: The National Center on addiction and substance abuse at Columbia University; 2012.
16. 16. Wood E, Samet JH, Volkow ND. Physician education in addiction medicine. JAMA 2013; 310: 1673-1674.
17. 17. Savaşan A, Engin E, Ayakdası D. Bir amatem kliniğinden taburcu olan bağımlı hastaların yaşam tarsi değişiklikleri ve nüks durumları. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi 2013; 4: 75-79.
18. 18. Karaagac H, Esenkaya-Usta Z, Usta A, et al. Retrospective analysis of sociodemographic characteristics of inpatients at Kayseri Research and Training Hospital AMATEM Clinic. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2017; 30: 251-257.
19. 19. Bulut M, Savaş HA, Cansel N, et al. Gaziantep Üniversitesi alkol ve madde kullanım bozuklukları birimine başvuran hastaların sosyodemografik özellikleri. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2006; 7: 65-70.
20. 20. McHugh RK, Votaw VR, Sugarman DE, et al. Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 66: 12-23.
21. 21. Reingle Gonzalez JM, Walters ST, Lerch J, et al. Gender differences in substance use treatment and substance use among adults on probation. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2018; 44: 480-487.
22. 22. Türkiye Uyuşturucu Raporu, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü Narkotik Suçlarla Mücadele Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, 2018.
23. 23. Dilbaz N. Opiat bağımlılığı. (içinde) Madde Bağımlılığı Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu El Kitabı. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını, 2012. Erişim: http://www.hasta.saglik.gov.tr/files/madde_kitabi. pdf_1124638346.pdf, 03.05.2015.
24. 24. Deligianni E, Corkery JM, Schifano F, et al. An international survey on the awareness, use, preference, and health perception of novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Hum Psychopharmacol 2017. Doi: 10.1002/hup.2581.
25. 25. Rychert M, Wilkins C, Parker K, et al. Are government-approved products containing new psychoactive substances perceived to be safer and more socially acceptable than alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs? Findings from a survey of police arrestees in New Zealand. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37: 406-413.
26. 26. Wilkins C, Parker K, Prasad J, et al. Do police arrestees substitute legal highs for other drugs. Int J Drug Policy 2016; 31: 74-79.
27. 27. Lee JD, Nunes EV Jr, Novo P, et al. Comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid relapse prevention (X:BOT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2018; 391: 309-318.
28. 28. Smith KE, Bunting AM, Walker R, et al. Non-Prescribed Buprenorphine Use Mediates the Relationship between Heroin Use and Kratom Use among a Sample of Polysubstance Users. J Psychoactive Drugs 2019; 1-12.
29. 29. Wang X, Jiang H, Zhao M, et al. Treatment of opioid dependence with buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual tablets: A phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2019; 11: e12344.
30. 30. Kotlaja MM, Carson JV. Cannabis prevalence and national drug policy in 27 countries: An analysis of adolescent substance use. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2019; 63: 1082-1099.
31. 31. Jackson PR. A transgenerational perspective on prevention and treatment of adolescent substance use disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019. Doi: 10.1089/cap.2018.0174.
32. 32. Lee TK, Estrada Y, Soares MH, et al. Efficacy of a family-based intervention on parent-adolescent discrepancies in positive parenting and substance use among hispanic youth. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64: 494-501.