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The Relationship between Addiction Severity and Co-Addiction Level in Individuals with Substance Use Disorder

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 1 - 1

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the addiction severity of individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder and the spouse addiction levels of family members.
Method: Data were collected from 146 individuals and 146 family members who received addiction treatment at the adult detoxification center of a mental health hospital in Istanbul. Data were collected using sociodemographic information forms, the Addiction Profile Index (API), and the Codependency in Addiction Assessment Form (CAAF).
Results: Of the 146 study participants, 128 (87.7%) were male; 84 of them (57.5%) were between the ages of 26 and 45 years. A total of 86 (58.9%) were primary school graduates and 70 (47.9%) were married. The average score of the male participants on API (X = 6.87) was higher than the average score of the female participants (X = 5.91). Of the relatives, 96 (65%) were women, 42 (28.8%) were mothers, and 71 (48.6%) were between the ages of 45 and 65 years. It was observed that whether the participants had low, medium, or high addiction severity did not make a difference in the scores they received from the CAAF scale.
Conclusion: Women, those with children, those with chronic illnesses, those with a primary school education, those who were divorced, and those aged 45–65 had higher levels of codependence. These data show that families also need support when working with people with alcohol- or substance-use disorder.

Kaynakça

  • Lee EB, An W, Levin ME, et al. An initial meta-analysis of acceptance and commitment therapy for treating substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 155: 1-7.
  • Stotts AL, Northrup TF. The promise of third-wave behavioral therapies in the treatment of substance use disorders. Curr Opin Psychol 2015; 2: 75-81.
  • Priddy SE, Howard MO, Hanley AW, et al. Mindfulness meditation in the treatment of substance use disorders and preventing future relapse: neurocognitive mechanisms and clinical implications. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2018; 9: 103-114.
  • Shanmugam PK. Psychoeducation impact for family members of substance users: An evaluation the workbook “Addiction: A Family Disease”. J Subst Use 2020; 202-211
  • Ray LA, Meredith LR, Kiluk BD, et al. Combined pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with alcohol or substance use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3(6): e208279.
  • Diotaiuti P, Mancone S, Corrado S, et al. Internet addiction in young adults: The role of impulsivity and codependency. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13: 893861.
  • Roncone R, Mazza M, Ussorio D, et al. The questionnaire of family functioning: A preliminary validation of a standardized instrument to evaluate psychoeducational family treatments. Community Ment Health J 2007; 43(6): 591–607.
  • Askian P, Krauss SE, Baba M, et al. Characteristics of co-dependence among wives of persons with substance use disorder in Iran. Int J Ment Health Addict 2016; 14(3): 268–283.
  • Bacon I, McKay E, Reynolds F, et al. The lived experience of codependency: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 18(3): 754–771.
  • Ferré-Grau C, Casado, MS, Cid-Buera D, et al. Caring for family caregivers: an analysis of a family-centered intervention. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2014; 48: 87-94.
  • Askian P, Krauss SE, Baba M, et al. Recovering from co-dependence: A study of iranian wives of persons with substance use disorder. Curr Psychol 2018; 40: 1234-1248.
  • Salonia G, Mahajan R, Mahajan NS. Codependency and coping strategies in the spouses of substance abusers. Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 2021; 7: 1130-1138.
  • Ançel G, Kabakçi E. Psychometric properties of the Turkish form of codependency assessment tool. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2009; 23: 441-453.
  • Rodríguez-Cintas L, Daigre C, Grau-López L, et al. Impulsivity and addiction severity in cocaine and opioid dependent patients. Addict Behav 2016; 58: 104-9.
  • Bahadır G, Karaca S. Investigation of addiction severity of drug users under probation according to depressive symptom level. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2021; 22(3): 209-217
  • Ögel K, Evren C, Karadağ F, et al. Bağımlılık Profil İndeksi’nin (BAPİ) geliştirilmesi, geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2012; 23(4): 264-273.
  • Öğel K, Güneş R, Koç C, Görücü S, et al. The development, validity, and reliability study of Addiction Profile Index (BAPI)’s Short Form. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2015; 16(4): 175-181.
  • Köklü N, Büyüköztürk Ş, Çokluk BÖ. Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik. Ankara: Pegem Yayınları, 2006.
  • Kaplan Ö, Özbaran B. Alkol-madde kullanıcılarının bağımlılık şiddeti ile aile üyelerinin eş bağımlılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2024; 25(2): 113-121.
  • Çakır G, Burak A, Kılınç K, et al. Saha çalışanlarının gözlemleri aracılığıyla madde bağımlısı çocuğu olan ailelerin özellikleri ve deneyimleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 2022; 24(3): 1095-1122.
  • Harkness D, Hale R, Swenson M, Madsen-Hampton K. The development, reliability, and validity of a Clinical Rating Scale for Codependency. J Psychoactive Drugs 2001; 33(2): 159-171.
  • Rusnáková M. Codependency of the members of a family of an alcohol addiction. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2014; 132, 647-653.
  • Vederhus JK, Kristensen Ø, Timko C. How do psychological characteristics of family members affected by substance use influence quality of life? Qual Life Res 2019; 28: 2161-2170.
  • Pant S, Mishra S, Kar SK. Significant co-dependency, anxiety, depression and family burden among the caregivers of patients with opioid dependence syndrome: an observational study. Global Psychiatry Archives 2022; 5(2): 90-104.
  • Makvand HS, Bigdeli IA, Agha BA. Codependency and mental health in wives of opioid drug abusers. J Clin Psychol 2009; 1: 71-79
  • Şimşek M, Öncü F, Kabil M. Bağımlılıkta Eş Bağımlılık Faktörü (BEŞF) Ölçeği’nin Geçerlik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2020; 12(Suppl 1): 268-280.
  • Sabater V. An Exploration of Codependency among African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic Wives of Alcoholics (Doctoral thesis). New York: New York University, 2006.
  • Prest LA, Storm C. The codependent relationships of compulsive eaters and drinkers: Drawing parallels. Am J Fam Ther 1988; 16: 339-350.
  • Peixoto da Silva M, Netto de Oliveira AM, Arruda da Silva P, et al. Family orientation group as a strategy for care in chemical codependency. Invest Educ Enferm 2019; 37(3): e08.
  • O'Gorman P. Codependency explored: A social movement in search of definition and treatment. Psychiatr Q 1993; 64(2): 199-212.
  • Dear GE, Roberts CM. The relationships between codependency and femininity and masculinity. Sex Roles 2002; 46: 159-165.
  • Chang SH. Codependency among College Students in the United States and Taiwan: A Cross-Cultural Study (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio: Ohio University, 2010.

Madde Kullanım Bozukluğu Olan Bireylerde Bağımlılık Şiddeti İle Eşbağımlılık Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 1 - 1

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmada madde kullanım bozukluğu tanılı bireylerin bağımlılık şiddeti ile aile üyelerinin eş bağımlılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Veriler İstanbul’da ruh sağlığı alanında hizmet veren bir hastanenin Erişkin Arındırma Merkezinde bağımlılık tedavisi gören 146 birey ve 146 aile üyesi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler Sosyo-Demografik Bilgi Formu, Bağımlılık Profil İndeksi (BAPİ) ve Bağımlılıkta Eş Bağımlılık Faktörü Ölçeği (BEŞF) ile toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların 128’i (%87,7) erkek; 84’ü (%57,5) 26-45 yaş aralığındadır. 86 kişi (%58,9) ilköğretim mezunu, 70 kişi (%47,9) evlidir. Erkek katılımcıların BAPİ den aldıkları puan ortalaması (X=6,87) kadın katılımcıların aldıkları puan ortalamalarından (X=5,91) daha yüksektir. Yakınların 96’sı (%65) kadın, 42’si (%28,8) annesi, 71 kişi (%48,6) 45-65 yaş aralığındadır. Katılımcıların düşük orta ya da yüksek bağımlılık şiddetine sahip olma durumlarının BEŞF ölçeğinden aldıkları puanlarda farklılaşma yaratmadığı görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Kadınların, çocuk sahibi olanların, kronik hastalığı olanların, ilkokul mezunu olanların, boşanmışların ve 45-65 yaş aralığında olanların eş bağımlılık düzeyinin daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bağımlılık şiddeti ile eş bağımlılık arasında ise bir ilişki saptanamamıştır. Bağımlılık şiddeti ile eş bağımlılık düzeyinin alt ölçeği olan “ses çıkarmama” arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişki saptanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Lee EB, An W, Levin ME, et al. An initial meta-analysis of acceptance and commitment therapy for treating substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 155: 1-7.
  • Stotts AL, Northrup TF. The promise of third-wave behavioral therapies in the treatment of substance use disorders. Curr Opin Psychol 2015; 2: 75-81.
  • Priddy SE, Howard MO, Hanley AW, et al. Mindfulness meditation in the treatment of substance use disorders and preventing future relapse: neurocognitive mechanisms and clinical implications. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2018; 9: 103-114.
  • Shanmugam PK. Psychoeducation impact for family members of substance users: An evaluation the workbook “Addiction: A Family Disease”. J Subst Use 2020; 202-211
  • Ray LA, Meredith LR, Kiluk BD, et al. Combined pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with alcohol or substance use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3(6): e208279.
  • Diotaiuti P, Mancone S, Corrado S, et al. Internet addiction in young adults: The role of impulsivity and codependency. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13: 893861.
  • Roncone R, Mazza M, Ussorio D, et al. The questionnaire of family functioning: A preliminary validation of a standardized instrument to evaluate psychoeducational family treatments. Community Ment Health J 2007; 43(6): 591–607.
  • Askian P, Krauss SE, Baba M, et al. Characteristics of co-dependence among wives of persons with substance use disorder in Iran. Int J Ment Health Addict 2016; 14(3): 268–283.
  • Bacon I, McKay E, Reynolds F, et al. The lived experience of codependency: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 18(3): 754–771.
  • Ferré-Grau C, Casado, MS, Cid-Buera D, et al. Caring for family caregivers: an analysis of a family-centered intervention. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2014; 48: 87-94.
  • Askian P, Krauss SE, Baba M, et al. Recovering from co-dependence: A study of iranian wives of persons with substance use disorder. Curr Psychol 2018; 40: 1234-1248.
  • Salonia G, Mahajan R, Mahajan NS. Codependency and coping strategies in the spouses of substance abusers. Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 2021; 7: 1130-1138.
  • Ançel G, Kabakçi E. Psychometric properties of the Turkish form of codependency assessment tool. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2009; 23: 441-453.
  • Rodríguez-Cintas L, Daigre C, Grau-López L, et al. Impulsivity and addiction severity in cocaine and opioid dependent patients. Addict Behav 2016; 58: 104-9.
  • Bahadır G, Karaca S. Investigation of addiction severity of drug users under probation according to depressive symptom level. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2021; 22(3): 209-217
  • Ögel K, Evren C, Karadağ F, et al. Bağımlılık Profil İndeksi’nin (BAPİ) geliştirilmesi, geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2012; 23(4): 264-273.
  • Öğel K, Güneş R, Koç C, Görücü S, et al. The development, validity, and reliability study of Addiction Profile Index (BAPI)’s Short Form. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2015; 16(4): 175-181.
  • Köklü N, Büyüköztürk Ş, Çokluk BÖ. Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik. Ankara: Pegem Yayınları, 2006.
  • Kaplan Ö, Özbaran B. Alkol-madde kullanıcılarının bağımlılık şiddeti ile aile üyelerinin eş bağımlılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2024; 25(2): 113-121.
  • Çakır G, Burak A, Kılınç K, et al. Saha çalışanlarının gözlemleri aracılığıyla madde bağımlısı çocuğu olan ailelerin özellikleri ve deneyimleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 2022; 24(3): 1095-1122.
  • Harkness D, Hale R, Swenson M, Madsen-Hampton K. The development, reliability, and validity of a Clinical Rating Scale for Codependency. J Psychoactive Drugs 2001; 33(2): 159-171.
  • Rusnáková M. Codependency of the members of a family of an alcohol addiction. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2014; 132, 647-653.
  • Vederhus JK, Kristensen Ø, Timko C. How do psychological characteristics of family members affected by substance use influence quality of life? Qual Life Res 2019; 28: 2161-2170.
  • Pant S, Mishra S, Kar SK. Significant co-dependency, anxiety, depression and family burden among the caregivers of patients with opioid dependence syndrome: an observational study. Global Psychiatry Archives 2022; 5(2): 90-104.
  • Makvand HS, Bigdeli IA, Agha BA. Codependency and mental health in wives of opioid drug abusers. J Clin Psychol 2009; 1: 71-79
  • Şimşek M, Öncü F, Kabil M. Bağımlılıkta Eş Bağımlılık Faktörü (BEŞF) Ölçeği’nin Geçerlik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2020; 12(Suppl 1): 268-280.
  • Sabater V. An Exploration of Codependency among African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic Wives of Alcoholics (Doctoral thesis). New York: New York University, 2006.
  • Prest LA, Storm C. The codependent relationships of compulsive eaters and drinkers: Drawing parallels. Am J Fam Ther 1988; 16: 339-350.
  • Peixoto da Silva M, Netto de Oliveira AM, Arruda da Silva P, et al. Family orientation group as a strategy for care in chemical codependency. Invest Educ Enferm 2019; 37(3): e08.
  • O'Gorman P. Codependency explored: A social movement in search of definition and treatment. Psychiatr Q 1993; 64(2): 199-212.
  • Dear GE, Roberts CM. The relationships between codependency and femininity and masculinity. Sex Roles 2002; 46: 159-165.
  • Chang SH. Codependency among College Students in the United States and Taiwan: A Cross-Cultural Study (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio: Ohio University, 2010.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Madde Bağımlılığı
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Osman Akay 0000-0002-2723-0901

Esra Albal 0000-0001-7012-3899

Gülten Güleşen 0000-0001-7534-4738

Gökhan Umut 0000-0002-2614-6812

Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 9 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Akay O, Albal E, Güleşen G, Umut G. The Relationship between Addiction Severity and Co-Addiction Level in Individuals with Substance Use Disorder. Bağımlılık Dergisi. 26(2):1-1.

Bağımlılık Dergisi - Journal of Dependence