Effects of Heading Cuts on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality in Cherries

Abstract

A Cherry is a forest tree. It has a high propensity for large tree formation and apical dominance. So, the tree must be shaped by pruning. There are lots of cut types for the pruning of cherry trees. But heading cuts and thinning cuts are known as two basic cut types. Heading cuts are the shortening of the terminal part of the shoots. Thinning cuts are defined as the total removal of the shoot. In cherries, many rootstocks make trees of different sizes, such as Gisela 3, Gisela 5, Gisela 6, PHL-C, PiKU 1, PiKU 3, CAB 6P. The importance of heading cuts in rootstocks such as PHL-C and Gisela series has been demonstrated by many studies. But there is no information in the literature on whether to make a heading cut on semi-dwarf rootstocks such as PİKU 3 and CAB 6P. In this study conducted in Samsun between 2019 and 2020, aim is to determine the effect of heading cuts on growth, yield, and fruit quality on ‘Regina’/CAB 6P and ‘Summit’/PIKU 3, variety/rootstock combinations. Properties such as tree and crown canopy volumes, fruit weight, fruit width, fruit firmness, soluble solids content, and yield were determined. As a result of the research, it was determined that the heading cutting did not affect these combinations in terms of the relevant parameters. However, the data and observations taken from the experiment show that the heading cut increases the number of lateral shoots and makes the shoot lengths more reasonable.

Keywords

• Prunus avium L.
• semi-dwarf rootstock
• pruning

Kirazlarda Tepe Kesiminin Büyüme, Verim Ve Meyve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Kiraz bir orman ağacı hüviyetindedir. Büyük ağaç yapma ve apikal dominansiye eğilimi yüksektir. Bu nedenle ağacın uygun bir budama ile mutlaka şekillendirilmesi gerekir. Kiraz ağaçlarının budanmasında birçok kesim tipi vardır. Ancak tepe ve seyreltme kesimleri iki temel kesim tipi olarak bilinmektedir. Tepe kesimleri sürgünlerin uç kısımlarının, sürgünün yaklaşık 1/4-1/3’ü kadar, kısaltılmasıdır. Seyreltme kesimleri ise sürgünün tümden çıkarılmasıdır. Kiraz yetiştiriciliğinde Gisela 3, Gisela 5, Gisela 6, PHL-C, PiKU 1, PiKU 3, CAB 6P gibi farklı büyüklüklerde ağaçlar yapan çok sayıda anaç bulunmaktadır. Bu anaçlardan bodur Gisela serisi üzerindeki ağaçlarda tepe kesiminin önemi birçok çalışmayla ortaya konmuştur. Fakat PiKU 3 ve CAB 6P gibi yarı kuvvetli anaçlar üzerinde tepe kesiminin yapılıp yapılmayacağına dair herhangi bir bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Oysa ülkemizde bu anaçlarla da bahçeler kurulmaktadır. Samsun’da 2019-2021 yıllarında yürütülen bu çalışmada ‘Regina’/CAB 6P ve ‘Summit’/PİKU 3 kombinasyonlarında tepe kesiminin büyüme, verim ve meyve kalitesi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Denemede ağaç ve taç hacimleri (m3), meyve ağırlığı (g), meyve eni (mm), meyve sertliği (kg/cm2), suda çözünür kuru madde içeriği (%) ve verim (kg/ağaç) gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda tepe kesiminin bu kombinasyonlarda ilgili parametreler bakımından etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte tepe kesiminin yan dal sayısını artırdığı ve sürgün boylarını daha makul yaptığı gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Prunus avium L
• yarı bodur anaç
• budama
• seyreltme kesimi

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