Bazı Bitki Patojeni Funguslara Karşı Humulus lupulus L. Bitki Ekstraktının Antifungal Aktivitesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Tokat ekolojik koşullarda yetişen Humulus lupulus L.(Şerbetçiotu) bitkisinin çiçeklerinden elde edilen methanol ve n-hexan ekstraktlarının Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ve Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) patojenlerine karşı antifungal aktivitesi in vitro şartlarda araştırılmıştır. Aktivite çalışmalarında, agar difüzyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Methanol ve n-Hexan ekstraktlarının patojenlere karşı, 0.1, 0.5, 1 ve 2 mg/ml dozlarının Miselyum Gelişimi (MG), Miselyum Gelişim Engelleme (MGE) etkinlik düzeyleri belirlenmiş ve letal doz (LD₅₀) hesaplanmıştır. Patojenler üzerine; hexan ekstraktı, metanol ekstraktına göre daha etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. MG için; Hexan ekstraktının 2 mg/ml dozunda Sc ve Fol’e karşı sırasıyla %90 ile %60 oranında etkili olduğu, yine MG için; methanol ekstraktında 2 mg/ml dozunda Sc ve Fol’e karşı sırasıyla %84 ile %83 oranında engellediği belirlenmiştir. LD₅₀ hexan ve methanol ekstraktları için Sc için; sırasıyla 0.021 ile 0.193 mg/ml, Fol için; sırasıyla 0.616 ile 0.273 mg/ml olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; H.lupulus çiçeklerinden elde edilen Methanol ve n-Hexan ekstraktlarının in vitro şartlarda Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ve Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici üzerine fungusidal aktivitelerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Antifungal etki
• Humulus lupulus
• Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
• Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici

Antifungal Activity of Humulus lupulus L. Flower Extract Against Some Plant Pathogen Fungi

Abstract

In this study, methanol and n-hexan extracts obtained from flowers of Humulus lupulus L. (Hops) grown in Tokat ecological conditions were investigated by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Ss) and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) pathogens was investigated antifungal activity against in vitro condition. Agar diffusion method was used for activity studies. Mycelial Growth (MG), Mycelium Growth Inhibition (MGE) activity levels of 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml doses of methanol and n-hexan extracts against pathogens were determined and lethal dose (LD₅₀) was calculated. Generally, on pathogens; n-hexane extract was found to be more effective than methanol extract. For MG; n-hexan extract was effective at a dose of 2 mg/ml against Sc and Fol to 90% and 60% respectively. It was determined that it inhibited Sc and Fol at a dose of 2 mg/ml in methanol extract to 84% and 83%, respectively. LD₅₀ was calculated for Sc for n-hexane and methanol extracts; 0.021 to 0.193 mg/ml, respectively, for Fol; 0.616 to 0.273 mg/ml, respectively. In the results of research; methanol and n-Hexan extracts obtained from H.lupulus flowers in vitro conditions Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici on fungicidal activities.

Keywords

• Antifungal effect
• Humulus lupulus
• Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
• Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici

References

1. Anonim, 2019. Kocaeli bitkileri. https://kocaelibitkileri.com/humulus-lupulus/ (Erişim Tarihi: 25.10.2019).
2. Bağcı, İ., 2009. Şerbetçiotunda (Humulus lupulus L.) yapraktan uygulanan gübrenin verim ve kaliteye etkileri (Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, 105s.
3. Bajpai, V., S., Chul, 2009. Antifungal activity of leaf essential oil and extracts of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Miki ex Hu. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 87(3):327-336.
4. Barbetti, M., S.K., Banga, T. D., Fu, Y.C.,Li, D., Singh, S.Y., Liu, X.T., Ge, S.S., Banga, 2014. Comparative genotype reactions to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum within breeding populations of Brassica napus and B. juncea from India and China. Euphytica. 197:47-59.
5. Bhattacharya, S., S. Virani, M. Zavro, G.J. Haas, 2003. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutants and other oral streptococci by hop (Humulus lupulus L.) constituents. Econ. Bot., 57:118-125.
6. Bocquet, L., S. Sahpaz, N. Bonneau, C. Beaufay, S. Mahieux, J. Samaillie, V. Roumy, J. Jacquin, S. Bordage, T. Hennebelle, F. Chai, J. Quetin-Leclercq, C. Neut, C. Riviere, 2019. Phenolic compounds from Humulus lupulus as natural antimicrobial products: new weapons in the fight against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma brucei strains. Molecules 24:1-26, 1024.
7. Chadwick, L.R., G.F. Pauli, N.R. Farnsworth, 2006. The pharmacognosy of Humulus lupulus L. (hops) with an emphasis on estrogenic properties. Phytomedicine. 13(1-2):119-131.
8. Dulger, B., N. Hacıoğlu, 2008. Antifungal activity of endemic Salvia tigrina in Turkey. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 7(3):1051-1054.

9. Elgorban, A.M., A.H. Bahkali, M.A. El-Metwally, M. Elsheshtawi, M.A. Abdel-Wahab, 2015. In vitro antifungal activity of some plant essential oils. International Journal of Pharmacology 11(1):56-61.
10. Garkoti, A., V. Kumar, H.S. Tripathi, 2013. Management of vascular wilt of lentil through aqueous plant extracts in Tarai region of Uttara hand state. The Bioscan 8(2):473-476.
11. Haas, G.J., R. Barsoumian, 1994. Antimicrobial activity of hop resins. J. Food Prot. 57:59-61.
12. Hassanein, N.M., M.A. Abou Zeid, A. Khayria, K.A. Youssef, D.A. Mahmoud, 2010. Control of tomato early blight and wilt using aqueous extract of neem leaves. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 49(2):143-151.
13. Kadıoğlu, I., Y. Yanar, 2004. Allelopathic effects of plant extracts against seed germination of some weeds. Asian J. of Plant Sciences 3(4):472-475.
14. Kobus-Cisowska, J., D. Szymanowska-Powałowska, O. Szczepaniak, D. Kmiecik, M. Przeor, A. Gramza-Michałowska, J. Cielecka-Piontek, M. Smuga-Kogut, P. Szulc, 2019. Composition and in vitro effects of cultivars of Humulus lupulus L. hops on cholinesterase activity and microbial growth. Nutrients 11(6):1377.
15. Minz, S., C.O. Samuel, S.C. Tripathi, 2012. The effect of plant extracts on the growth of wilt causing fungi Fusarium oxysporum. IOSR J. Pharm. Biol. Sci. 4(1):13-16.
16. Mizobuchi, S., Y. Sato, 1985. Antifungal activities of hop bitter resins and related compounds. Agric. Biol. Chem. 49:399-403.
17. Niknejad, F., M. Mohammadi, M. Khomeiri, S.H. Razavi, M. Alami, 2014. Antifungal and antioxidant effects of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) flower extracts. Advances in Environmental Biology 8(24):95-401.
18. Ohsugi, M., P. Basnet, S. Kadota, E. Ishii, T. Tamura, Y. Okumura, T. Namba, 1997. Antibacterial activity of traditional medicines and an active constituent lupulone from Humulus lupulus against Helicobacter. Pylori. J. Trad. Med. 14:186-191.
19. Onaran, A., M. Yılar, 2012. Antifungal activity of Trachystemon orientalis L. aqueous extracts against plant pathogens. J. Food Agrıc. Environ. 10(3-4):287-291.
20. Onaran, A., M. Yılar, 2018. Antifungal and herbicidal activity of Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. don against some plant pathogenic fungi and Cuscuta campestris Yunck. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8(1):37-43.
21. Pandey, D.K., N.N. Tripathi, R.D. Tripathi, S.N. Dixit, 1982. Fungitoxic and phytotoxic properties of essential oil of Hyptis suaveolens. Z. Pflanzenkrankheiten Pflanzenschutz 89:344-349.
22. Pitarokili, D., M. Couladis, N. Petsikos-Panayotarou, O. Tzakou, 2002. Composition and antifungal activity on soil-borne pathogens of the essential oil of Salvia sclarea from Greece. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50:6688-6691.
23. Shafique, S., M. Asif, S. Shafique, 2015. Management of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici by leaf extract of Eucalyptus citriodora. Pak. J. Bot. 47(3):1177-1182.
24. Shapouri, R., M. Rahnema, 2011. Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of hops extracts on intramacrophages Brucella abortus and B. melitensis. Jundishapur J. Microbiol. 4:51-58.
25. Shen, C., I. Geornaras, P.A. Kendall, J.N. Sofos, 2009. Control of Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters by dipping in hops beta acids solutions. J. Food Prot. 72:702-706.
26. Siragusa, G.R., G.J. Haas, P.D. Matthews, R.J. Smith, R.J. Buhr, N.M. Dale, M.G. Wise, 2008. Antimicrobial activity of lupulone against Clostridium perfringens in the chicken intestinal tract jejunum and caecum. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 61:853-858.
27. Smolińska, U., B. Kowalska, 2018. Biological control of the soil-borne fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum a review. Journal of Plant Pathology 100:1-12.
28. Soylu, S., H. Yigitbas, E.M. Soylu, Ş. Kurt, 2007. Antifungal effects of essential oils from oregano and fennel on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Journal of Applied Microbiology 103(4):1021-1030.
29. Şahin, G., S.U. Erbilen, 2012. A special species between the joy plants grown in Turkey: HOP (Humulus lupulus L.). Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken 4(3):237-258.
30. Şesan, T.E., E. Enache, B.M. Lacomi, M. Oprea, F. Oancea, C. Lacomi, 2017. In vitro antifungal activity of some plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.). Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus 16(6):167-176.
31. Teuber, M., A.F. Schmalreck, 1973. Membrane leakage in Bacillus subtilis 168 induced by the hop constituents lupulone, humulone, isohumulone and humulinic acid. Arch. Microbiol. 94:159-171.
32. Yılar, M., İ. Kadıoğlu, 2016. Antifungal activities of some Salvia species extracts on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici mycelium growth in vitro. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 26(1):115-118.
33. Yilar, M., I. Kadioglu, I. Telci, 2018. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Salvia officinalis (L.), S. cryptantha (Montbret et Aucher ex Benth.), S. tomentosa (Mill.) plant essential oils and extracts. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 27(3):1695-1706.
34. Zanoli, P., M. Zavatti, 2008. Pharmacognostic and pharmacological profile of Humulus lupulus L. J. Ethnopharm. 116:383-396.