Bitkilerde Hücre Düzeyinde Seleksiyon

Öz

Biyotik ve abiyotik stres faktörleri bitkisel üretimi önemli ölçüde tehdit eden unsurlardır. Klasik ıslah yöntemlerinin uzun zaman alması ya da bu yöntemlerden sonuç elde edilememesi gibi durumlarda uygulanan biyoteknolojik bir uygulama olan in vitro seleksiyonla bitkilerde, verim ve kalite kayıplarına neden olan stres faktörlerine (soğuk, yüksek sıcaklık, kuraklık, ağır metal, tuzluluk, herbisit) ve çeşitli hastalık etmenlerine karşı dayanıklı hücre hatlarının seçimi ile bu hücrelerden bitki elde edilmesi mümkün olabilmektedir. Hücre kültürlerinin; genotipik varyasyon yaratılması ve istenilen varyantların seçiminde kullanılması bitki ıslahındaki geleneksel seleksiyon yöntemlerine göre birçok avantaj sağlamaktadır. Hazırlanan bu çalışmada, farklı bitki türlerinde geçmişten günümüze dek yürütülen hücre düzeyinde seleksiyon tekniği ile ilgili araştırmalar değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Seleksiyon
• ıslah
• hücre kültürü

Plant Selection at Cellular Level

Abstract

Biotic and abiotic stress are factors which significantly threaten the plant production. In vitro selection in plants, an application used when conventional breeding methods are time consuming or no results from these methods obtained, is a biotechnological application which makes possible to choose the cells showing resistant to stress factors (cold, high temperature, drought, salinity, heavy metals, herbicides) causing loss of yield and plant quality and several diseases to obtain plants from these cell lines. Cell cultures; creating of genotypic variation and the use of selection of desired variant in plant breeding over conventional selection methods provides mant advantages. In this study, the studies, from past to present, related to the selection techniques at cellular level were evaluated.

Keywords

• Selection
• breeding
• cell culture

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