Bitkilerde Hücre Düzeyinde Seleksiyon

Öz

Biyotik ve abiyotik stres faktörleri bitkisel üretimi önemli ölçüde tehdit eden unsurlardır. Klasik ıslah yöntemlerinin uzun zaman alması ya da bu yöntemlerden sonuç elde edilememesi gibi durumlarda uygulanan biyoteknolojik bir uygulama olan in vitro seleksiyonla bitkilerde, verim ve kalite kayıplarına neden olan stres faktörlerine (soğuk, yüksek sıcaklık, kuraklık, ağır metal, tuzluluk, herbisit) ve çeşitli hastalık etmenlerine karşı dayanıklı hücre hatlarının seçimi ile bu hücrelerden bitki elde edilmesi mümkün olabilmektedir. Hücre kültürlerinin; genotipik varyasyon yaratılması ve istenilen varyantların seçiminde kullanılması bitki ıslahındaki geleneksel seleksiyon yöntemlerine göre birçok avantaj sağlamaktadır. Hazırlanan bu çalışmada, farklı bitki türlerinde geçmişten günümüze dek yürütülen hücre düzeyinde seleksiyon tekniği ile ilgili araştırmalar değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Seleksiyon
• ıslah
• hücre kültürü

Plant Selection at Cellular Level

Öz

Biotic and abiotic stress are factors which significantly threaten the plant production. In vitro selection in plants, an application used when conventional breeding methods are time consuming or no results from these methods obtained, is a biotechnological application which makes possible to choose the cells showing resistant to stress factors (cold, high temperature, drought, salinity, heavy metals, herbicides) causing loss of yield and plant quality and several diseases to obtain plants from these cell lines. Cell cultures; creating of genotypic variation and the use of selection of desired variant in plant breeding over conventional selection methods provides mant advantages. In this study, the studies, from past to present, related to the selection techniques at cellular level were evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Selection
• breeding
• cell culture

Kaynakça

1. Anonim, 2015. http://www.agri.ankara.edu.tr/bahce/1099_seleksiyon ve_hibrit_islahi.pdf
2. Arnon, I., 1972. Crop production in dry regions. In: Systematic treatments of the principal crops. 2:1-72, Bames and Nobb, New York.
3. Babaoğlu, M., Gürel, E., Özcan, S., 2002. Bitki Biyoteknolojisi I Doku Kültürü Uygulamaları. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya.
4. Bai, G.H., Plattner, R., Desjardins, A., Kolp, F., 2001. Resistance to Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat. Plant Breeding, 120:1-6.
5. Ben-Hayyim, G., 1987. Relationship between salt tolerance and resistance to polyethylene glycol-induced water stress in cultured citrus cells. Plant Physiol. 85:430-433.
6. Ben-Hayyim, G., Kochba, J., 1983. Aspects of salt tolerance in a NaCl-Selected stable cell line of Citrus sinensis. Plant Physiol. 72:685-690.
7. Behnke, M., 1980. General resistant to late blight of Solanum tuberosum plants regenerated from callus resistant to culture filtrates of Phytopthora infestans. Theor. Appl. Genet., 56(4):151-152.
8. Bükün, B., Gaines T., Nissen S. J., Westra P., Shanner D. L., Leach J., Chisholm, S., Ward S., Preston C., Culpepper, S., Gray T., Webster, T., Vencill, B., Tranel, P., 2009. Amaranthus palmeri L.’nin glyphosata dayanıklılık mekanizması. Türkiye 3. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, 15-18 Temmuz, Van.

9. Carlson, P., 1973. Methionine sulfoximine-resistant mutants of tobacco. Science, 180:1366-1368.
10. El Hadrami, A., El Idrissi-Tourane, A., El Hassni, M., Daayf, F., El Hadrami, I., 2005. Toxin-based in-vitro selection and its potential application to date palm for resistance to the bayoud Fusarium wilt. C.R. Biologies 328(8):732-744.
11. Gabbrielli, R., Gori, P., Sealab, A., 1995. Ni toxicity on carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. Corrida) cell cultures: selection of Ni tolerant lines and effects of Ca and Mg. Plant Sci., 104(2):225-230.
12. George, E. F., Hail, M., Klerk, G., 2007. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture: Vol.1. 3.edition The Background. Springer.
13. Gupta, S.C., Goldsbrough, P.B., 1991. Phytochelatin accumulation and cadmium tolerance in selected tomato cell lines. Plant Physiol., 97(1):306-312.
14. Gzyl, J., Gwozdz, E.A., 2005. Selection in vitro and accumulation of phytochelatins in cadmium tolerant cell line of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 80(1):59-67.
15. Kantoğlu Y., Seçer E., Erzurum K., Kunter, B., Şekerci, S., Kayabaşı, N., Özçoban, M., Tutluer, I., Peşkircioğlu, H., Sağel, Z., Maden, S., Yanmaz, R., 2009. Kavun solgunluk etmeni Fusarium oxysporum F.sp. Melonis ırk 1,2’e karşı doku kültürü ve mutasyon teknikleri kullanarak dayanıklı kavun tiplerinin seçilmesi üzerinde araştırmalar. 10. Ulusal Nükleer Bilimler ve Teknolojileri Kongresi, 6-9 Ekim, 302-31.
16. Kuşvuran, Ş., Ellialtıoğlu, Ş., Yaşar, F., Abak, K., 2007. Effects of salt stress on ion accumulations and some of the antioxidant enzymes activities in melon (Cucumis melo L.). International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 2(5):351-354.
17. Larkin, P.J., Scowcroft, W., 1983. Soma clonal variation and eyespot toxin tolerance in sugarcane. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 2(2):111-121.
18. Lefevre, I., Marchal, G., Ghanem M. E., Correal, E., Lutts, S., 2010. Cadmium has contrasting effects on polyethylene glycol-sensitive and resistant cell lines in the Mediterranean halophyte species Atriplex halimus L. Journal of Plant Physiology 167(5):365-374.
19. Levitt, J., 1972. Response of plant to environmental stress. pp:322-445, Academic Press, New York.
20. Maddock, S., Sample, J., 1986. Field assessment of soma clonal variation in Wheat. J Exp. Bot., 37(7):1065-1078.
21. Maliga, P., Sz.-Breznovits, A., Mârton, L., 1973. Streptomycin-resistant plants from callus culture of haploid tobacco. Nature New Biology 244(131):29-30.
22. Nafziger, D.E., Widholm, M.J., Steinrükhen, H.C., Killmer, J.L., 1984. Selection and characterization of a carrot cell line tolerant to glyphosate. Plant Physiol. 76(3):571-574.
23. Rai M.K., Kalia, R.K., Singha, R., Gangola, M.P., Dhawan, A.K., 2011. Developing stress tolerant plants through in vitro selection an overview of the recent progress. Environmental and Experimental Botany 71(1):89-98.
24. Rines, H., Luke, H., 1985. Selection and regeneration of toxin insensitive plants from tissue cultures of oats (Avena sativa) susceptible to Helminthosporium victoriae. Theor. Appl. Genet., 71(1):16-21.
25. Rus, A.M., Segundo R., Olmos, E., Santa-Cruz, A., Maria C., Bolarin, M.C., 2000. Long-term culture modifies the salt responses of callus lines of salt tolerant and salt-sensitive tomato species. J. Plant Physiol. 157(4):413-420
26. Rout, G.R., Samantaray, S., Das, P., 1999. In vitro selection and biochemical characterization of zinc and manganese adapted callus lines in Brassica spp. Plant Science 137(2):89-100.
27. Samantaray, S., Rout, G.R., Das, P., 2001. Induction, selection and characterization of Cr and Ni-tolerant cell lines of Echinochloa colona (L.) Link in vitro. J. Plant Physiol. 158(10):1281-1290.
28. Singer, S.R., McDaniel, C.N, 1985. Selection of glyphosate-tolerant tobacco calli and the expression of this tolerance in regenerated plants. Plant Physiol. 78(2):411-416.
29. Tosun, M., Sağsöz, S., 1995. Soma klonal varyasyon ve bitki ıslahı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 26(3):400-411.
30. Watad, A.A., Reinhold, L., Lerner, H.R., 1983. Comparison between a stable NaCl selected nicotiana cell Line and the wild type. Plant Physiol. 73(3):624-629.
31. Winicov, I., 1996. Characterization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants regenerated from salt-tolerant cell lines. Plant Science 113(1):105-111.
32. Yıldız, M., Cenkçi, S., Terzi, H., 2012. Fitoşelatinler ve metallotiyoneinler: Moleküler yaklaşımlar. AKÜ FEBİD. 12(011001):1-16.