İstanbul’daki Çatı ve Teras Bahçelerinin Özellikleri ve Bitkisel Düzenleme Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Selvinaz Gülçin Bozkurt

doi:10.53471/bahce.1912378

EN TR

Characteristics of Rooftop and Terrace Gardens in Istanbul and Evaluation of Horticultural Arrangement Approaches

Abstract

Urbanization and population growth have led to a decline in green spaces, particularly in large cities, thereby increasing the importance of alternative green infrastructure applications. This study examined the structural characteristics, usage purposes, and planting design approaches of roof and terrace gardens in Istanbul. Within the scope of the research, field surveys were conducted between September and December 2024 in a total of 15 roof and terrace gardens located in different parts of Istanbul. Based on the data obtained, the roof gardens were evaluated in terms of their types, usage purposes, and planting design characteristics. The results revealed that 12 of the investigated sites (80%) were designed as intensive roof gardens, while 3 sites (20%) were classified as extensive roof gardens. Intensive roof garden systems were found to be widely implemented in shopping malls, office buildings, hotels, and residential developments. Roof and terrace gardens were predominantly used for recreational purposes, and the selected plant species were generally evergreen, adaptable to local environmental conditions, and characterized by low maintenance requirements. Furthermore, the investigated sites were found to contribute significantly to the support of urban biodiversity, the enhancement of aesthetic value, and the provision of alternative open spaces for urban users. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that roof and terrace gardens constitute an important component of sustainable urban landscapes in highly urbanized metropolitan areas such as Istanbul and have considerable potential to enhance urban quality of life.

Keywords

İstanbul’daki Çatı ve Teras Bahçelerinin Özellikleri ve Bitkisel Düzenleme Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Kentleşme ve nüfus artışı, özellikle büyük kentlerde yeşil alanların azalmasına neden olmakta ve alternatif yeşil altyapı uygulamalarının önemini artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul’da bulunan çatı ve teras bahçelerinin yapısal özellikleri, kullanım amaçları ve bitkisel düzenleme yaklaşımları incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında İstanbul’un farklı bölgelerinde yer alan toplam 15 çatı ve teras bahçesinde Eylül-Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında arazi çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda çatı bahçeleri; tipleri, kullanım amaçları ve bitkisel tasarım özellikleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre incelenen alanların 12’sinin (%80) entansif, 3’ünün (%20) ise ekstansif çatı sistemi olarak tasarlandığı belirlenmiştir. Entansif çatı sistemlerinin özellikle alışveriş merkezleri, ofis yapıları, oteller ve konut projelerinde yaygın olarak kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Çatı ve teras bahçelerinin ağırlıklı olarak rekreasyonel amaçlarla kullanıldığı, bitki seçimlerinde ise her dem yeşil, çevresel koşullara uyumlu ve bakım gereksinimi düşük türlerin tercih edildiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca incelenen alanların kentsel biyolojik çeşitliliğin desteklenmesi, estetik değer oluşturulması ve kullanıcılar için alternatif açık alanlar sunulması açısından önemli katkılar sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çatı ve teras bahçelerinin İstanbul gibi yoğun yapılaşmanın görüldüğü metropollerde sürdürülebilir kentsel peyzajın önemli bileşenlerinden biri olduğu ve kentsel yaşam kalitesinin artırılmasına katkı sağlayabilecek potansiyele sahip olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Agricultural Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Selvinaz Gülçin Bozkurt ^*
0000-0003-0775-2005
Türkiye

Publication Date

August 14, 2026

Submission Date

March 18, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 24, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 55 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1912378

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA74GB82PH

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Bozkurt, S. G. (2026). İstanbul’daki Çatı ve Teras Bahçelerinin Özellikleri ve Bitkisel Düzenleme Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Bahçe, 55(2). https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1912378

AMA

1.Bozkurt SG. İstanbul’daki Çatı ve Teras Bahçelerinin Özellikleri ve Bitkisel Düzenleme Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Bahçe. 2026;55(2). doi:10.53471/bahce.1912378

Chicago

Bozkurt, Selvinaz Gülçin. 2026. “İstanbul’daki Çatı Ve Teras Bahçelerinin Özellikleri Ve Bitkisel Düzenleme Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi”. Bahçe 55 (2). https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1912378.

EndNote

Bozkurt SG (August 1, 2026) İstanbul’daki Çatı ve Teras Bahçelerinin Özellikleri ve Bitkisel Düzenleme Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Bahçe 55 2

IEEE

[1]S. G. Bozkurt, “İstanbul’daki Çatı ve Teras Bahçelerinin Özellikleri ve Bitkisel Düzenleme Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi”, Bahçe, vol. 55, no. 2, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.53471/bahce.1912378.

ISNAD

Bozkurt, Selvinaz Gülçin. “İstanbul’daki Çatı Ve Teras Bahçelerinin Özellikleri Ve Bitkisel Düzenleme Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi”. Bahçe 55/2 (August 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1912378.

JAMA

1.Bozkurt SG. İstanbul’daki Çatı ve Teras Bahçelerinin Özellikleri ve Bitkisel Düzenleme Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Bahçe. 2026;55. doi:10.53471/bahce.1912378.

MLA

Bozkurt, Selvinaz Gülçin. “İstanbul’daki Çatı Ve Teras Bahçelerinin Özellikleri Ve Bitkisel Düzenleme Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi”. Bahçe, vol. 55, no. 2, Aug. 2026, doi:10.53471/bahce.1912378.

Vancouver

1.Selvinaz Gülçin Bozkurt. İstanbul’daki Çatı ve Teras Bahçelerinin Özellikleri ve Bitkisel Düzenleme Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Bahçe. 2026 Aug. 1;55(2). doi:10.53471/bahce.1912378

BAHCE AUTHOR GUIDELINES

You can download the “Article Template” from the link down below:

📝 BAHCE - Article Template [Makale Şablonu] [en] (r2026.08.08).docx

1. Page Layout and Font

Manuscripts must be prepared as a Word document on A4 size paper with 2.5 cm margins on all sides. Use Calibri, 11-point font, and single line spacing. The first line of each paragraph must be indented by 1 cm, and no extra spacing should be added between paragraphs. The manuscript must be arranged in a single column. The total length of the manuscript, including figures and tables, must not exceed 15 pages.

2. Manuscript Structure and Order

The manuscript should include the following parts in order: Turkish title, author name(s), affiliations/addresses and ORCID iDs, Turkish Abstract (Öz) and Keywords, English title, Abstract and Keywords, Main text, Acknowledgments (if applicable), and References.

3. Article Title

The Turkish and English titles must be written in 14-point font.

4. Author Information

Author name(s) must be placed below the title. Academic title, affiliation/address information, and ORCID iDs must be provided one line below the author names. Author names should be written in 11-point font; affiliations/addresses and ORCID iDs should be written in 9-point font. The corresponding author’s e-mail address must be given as a footnote on the first page.

5. Abstract And Keywords

The Turkish Abstract (Öz) must be placed below the author information and must not exceed 200 words. Turkish Keywords must be provided immediately after the Öz. Then, provide the English title and Abstract (maximum 200 words) followed by English Keywords. The number of keywords must be between 3 and 5.

6. Text Structure And Headings

The main text should generally include: a) Introduction, b) Materials and Methods, c) Results, d) Discussion, e) Conclusion(s), and f) References. If preferred, Results and Discussion may be combined into a single section titled “Results and Discussion”. Review articles may be prepared without Materials and Methods and Results sections, provided that the other rules are followed.

Main headings must be bold and in ALL CAPS. Second-level headings must be bold, italic, and Capitalize Each Word lowercase. Third-level headings must be italic and written in sentence case. Leave two blank lines before and one blank line after main headings; leave one blank line before and after second-level headings; do not add blank lines around third-level headings. Paragraphs must start with a 1 cm indent.

Practical tip: These formats are already defined as ready-made Word styles in the Article Template (Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3; also the Author, Affiliation, and Section Label styles). After typing your heading or paragraph, simply select the corresponding style from Word's Styles pane; there is no need to manually bold, capitalize, italicize, or adjust spacing/indentation. Using these styles keeps the layout process fast and error-free.

7. Section Content (Brief Description)

INTRODUCTION: State the problem and its status at the beginning of the study. Provide only relevant and necessary literature. End the section by stating the aim of the research.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Describe the material(s) used and the method(s) applied clearly, briefly, and concisely. Present materials and methods under separate subheadings.

RESULTS: In presenting research findings, the text, tables, and figures must complement each other.

DISCUSSION: Examine the results and compare them with previous studies. Establish a link between the aim stated in the Introduction and the findings, and discuss remaining open issues in the light of the literature.

CONCLUSION(S): Evaluate the findings in terms of their contribution to science/practice and present them as recommendations.

8. Figures And Tables

Figures, graphs, photographs, etc. must be referred to as “Figure”, and numerical data must be presented as “Table”; all figures and tables must be cited in the text. Captions must appear below figures and above tables. Figures and tables should be placed at appropriate points within the text (they must not be placed after the References section) and should be combined/summarized whenever possible.

The statistical test used for the significance of differences among means and its significance level must be stated under the table. When adding footnotes to tables, start from the last letter of the alphabet. Figures should be prepared in Microsoft Office programs (as required by printing technique). Photographs should be suitable for printing.

Table 1. Changes in the chemical structures of persimmon fruits grown in Çanakkale in 2001 during ripening

	Fruit firmness (kg)	Water-soluble dry matter content (%)	L-ascorbic acid (mg.100g⁻¹)	Tannin (mg.l⁻¹)	Pectin (mg.100g⁻¹)	Total sugar (mg.100g⁻¹)
1. Harvest	4.30 b	23.84 a	21.85 eu	20.59 a	1.02	22.04 d
2. Harvest	4.61 a	23.65 a	22.69 eu	20.01 a	1.17	26.15 b
3. Harvest	3.74 c	22.65 ab	23.74 a	17.45 b	1.26	27.90 a
4. Harvest	3.51 c	22.75 eu	20.14 b	17.22 b	1.46	23.74 c
5. Harvest	3.38 c	22.46 b	7.89 c	16.90 b	1.19	23.93 c
LSD	0.28	0.37	2.00	0.89	N.S.	1.46

There is a 5% difference between the means expressed with different letters in the same column (LSD)

N.S.: Not Significant

…

Figure 1. The effect of strangulation on plant height (cm)

9. Units

SI (Système International d’Unités) units must be used. Use exponent notation instead of “/” (e.g., mg·l⁻¹ instead of mg/l).

10. References (APA 7)

BAHÇE Journal uses the APA 7th edition format for preparing the reference list in all manuscripts. In-text citations and reference formatting must follow APA 7 rules; examples are provided below.

In-text citations:
- Single author: (Last Name, Year) → (Özbek, 1969)
- Two authors: (Last Name & Last Name, Year) → (Kaşka & Yılmaz, 1974)
- Three or more authors: (Last Name et al., Year) → (Büyükyılmaz et al., 1994)
Reference list formatting:
- Authors are listed in alphabetical order.
- Second and subsequent lines use hanging indent (1.27 cm).
All references must comply with APA 7th edition formatting.

Examples:

Book:

Özbek, N. (1969). Deneme tekniği (I. Sera denemesi, tekniği ve metotları). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.

Book chapter:

Brown, A. C. (1975). Apples. In J. Janick & J. N. Moore (Eds.), Advances in fruit breeding (pp. 3–37). West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press.

Translation:

Kaşka, N., & Yılmaz, M. (1974). Bahçe bitkileri yetiştirme tekniği [Horticultural cultivation technique] (Translation: H. T. Hartman & D. E. Kester). Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayınlar, 79, 610 p.

Article / Proceedings:

Büyükyılmaz, M., Bulagay, A. N., & Burak, M. (1994). Marmara bölgesi için ümitvar armut çeşitleri–III. Bahçe, 23(1–2), 79–92.

Turhan, Ş., Tipi, T., & Erol, A. O. (2004). The effects of EurepGap applications on Turkish fresh fruit-vegetable production and competitiveness. Turkey VI Agricultural Economics Congress, 1, 315–322.

Thesis:

Akpınar, I. (1990). Studies on the preservation of Washington Navel, Valencia and Moro orange fruits grafted on different citrus rootstocks (Master’s Thesis). Çukurova University, Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Department of Horticulture, Adana, Türkiye.

Serial / Institutional Publications:

Anonymous. (1951). Soil survey manual handbook. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Anonim. (2000). Tarımsal yapı (üretim, fiyat, değer) (Publication No: 2614). Ankara: T.C. Prime Ministry, State Institute of Statistics.

Electronic sources:

Stiglitz, J. E. (1999). Whither reform? Ten years of the transition. Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics, Washington, D.C., 28–30 April. https://www.worldbank.org/research/abcde/stiglitz.html

11. Using Word Styles

All formatting in the Article Template (headings, author/affiliation information, abstract, table and figure captions, references, etc.) is already defined as ready-made Word styles. While preparing your manuscript, simply select the appropriate style from Word's Styles pane (Home tab) after typing the relevant element.

Always use the template's built-in styles instead of manual formatting (such as bold, italic, capitalization, changing font size, or adjusting spacing/indentation by hand). This applies to every part of the text — not only headings, but equally to author/affiliation information, the abstract, keywords, table and figure captions, and the reference list.

Consistent use of styles allows your manuscript to be processed quickly and accurately by the layout team; manual formatting, on the other hand, can lead to errors and delays that are difficult to detect during layout.

Note: Modifying the visual definition of a style (font, size, color, etc.) is the responsibility of the layout team. Authors are only expected to select the correct style, not to redefine it.