Capsaicinoid Distribution and Transgressive Segregation in Capsicum spp. Hybrids Derived from TEV- and CMV-Resistant Parents

Ümit Haydar Erol; Bekir Bülent Arpacı

doi:10.53471/bahce.1963671

EN TR

Capsaicinoid Distribution and Transgressive Segregation in Capsicum spp. Hybrids Derived from TEV- and CMV-Resistant Parents

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the inheritance patterns concerning capsaicinoid-derived pungency in pepper (Capsicum spp.) via quantitative measurement of capsaicinoid in F1 and F4 generations through hybridization of Teopisca (TEV (Tobacco Etch Virus)-resistant) and PI640517 (CMV (Cucumber Mosaic Virus)-resistant). The 60 F4 specimens raised from earlier hybridization and selection steps were used to create a core material set consisting of 20 individuals and a single F1 individual, considering the most pertinent agronomic indicators-factors like fruit size, health/vigor of the plant, yield as well as capsaicinoid content. Capsaicinoids were extracted from dried fruit samples, and capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC); results were expressed as Scoville Heat Units (SHU). Parental SHU values were 28662.01 for Teopisca and 22053.05 for the PI640517 line, and the F1 individual was 32885.06, whereas the F4 genotypes displayed a markedly wider range (15039.83–76146.30 SHU), with a population mean of 34984.65 ± 17820.35 SHU. Notably, 60% of the F4 genotypes exceeded the higher parent, while 35% fell below the lower parent, indicating strong transgressive segregation for pungency. Genotype F4-2 recorded the maximum SHU of 76146.30 and the best 10 genotypes contributed 70.29% of the total SHU in the core set. In effect, the findings strongly indicate the presence of segregating variation for pungency within the virus-resistance–derived genetic background and allow the identification of high-pungency candidates for selection. This opens avenues within the conception and integration of capsaicinoid-based quality traits within pepper breeding programs while conserving resistance-related genetic resources.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Kilis 7 Aralik University Scientific Research Projects Unit

Project Number

25/MAP/001

TEV ve CMV'ye Dirençli Ebeveynlerden Elde Edilen Capsicum spp. Melezlerinde Kapsaisinoid Dağılımı ve Transgresif Ayrışma

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Teopisca (TEV [Tobacco etch virus] dirençli) ve PI640517 (CMV [Cucumber mosaic virus] dirençli) ebeveynlerinin melezlenmesi sonucunda elde edilen F1 ve F4 nesillerinde kapsaisinoid içerikleri nicel olarak belirlenmiş ve biberde (Capsicum spp.) kapsaisinoid kaynaklı acılığın kalıtım modeli araştırılmıştır. Melezleme ve seleksiyon çalışmaları sonucunda elde edilen 60 adet F4 materyal arasından, meyve büyüklüğü, bitki sağlığı ve canlılığı, verim performansı ile kapsaisinoid içerikleri dikkate alınarak 20 F4 genotipi ve bir F1 bireyinden oluşan çekirdek materyal seti oluşturulmuştur. Kurutulmuş meyve örneklerinden kapsaisinoid ekstraksiyonu gerçekleştirilmiş, kapsaisin ve dihidrokapsaisin miktarları Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi (HPLC) yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar Scoville Isı Birimi (SHU) cinsinden ifade edilmiştir. Ebeveyn hatlarda SHU değerleri Teopisca için 28662,01 ve PI640517 için 22053,05 olarak belirlenirken, F1 bireyinde 32885,06 SHU değeri saptanmıştır. F4 genotiplerinde ise 15039,83–76146,30 SHU arasında değişen geniş bir varyasyon belirlenmiş ve popülasyon ortalaması 34984,65 ± 17820,35 SHU olarak hesaplanmıştır. İncelenen F4 genotiplerinin %60’ının yüksek ebeveyn değerini aştığı, %35’inin ise düşük ebeveyn değerinin altında kaldığı tespit edilmiş ve bu durumun acılık karakteri bakımından güçlü bir transgresif segregasyona işaret ettiği değerlendirilmiştir. En yüksek SHU değeri 76146,30 ile F4-2 genotipinde belirlenmiş, çekirdek materyal setinde yer alan en yüksek değerlere sahip ilk 10 genotipin toplam SHU miktarının %70,29’unu oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, virüs direnci kaynaklı genetik arka plan içerisinde kapsaisinoid birikimi bakımından önemli düzeyde ayrışan varyasyonun bulunduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca yüksek acılık potansiyeline sahip üstün genotiplerin belirlenmesine olanak sağlandığı ve bu genotiplerin, direnç gen kaynaklarının korunmasıyla birlikte kapsaisinoid temelli kalite özelliklerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik biber ıslah programlarında değerlendirilebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Project Number

25/MAP/001

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Vegetable Growing and Treatment

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ümit Haydar Erol ^*
0000-0001-6126-5844
Türkiye

Bekir Bülent Arpacı
0000-0001-7505-3658
Türkiye

Publication Date

August 25, 2026

Submission Date

June 4, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 1, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 55 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1963671

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA22TX35PL

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Erol, Ü. H., & Arpacı, B. B. (2026). Capsaicinoid Distribution and Transgressive Segregation in Capsicum spp. Hybrids Derived from TEV- and CMV-Resistant Parents. Bahçe, 55(2). https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1963671

AMA

1.Erol ÜH, Arpacı BB. Capsaicinoid Distribution and Transgressive Segregation in Capsicum spp. Hybrids Derived from TEV- and CMV-Resistant Parents. Bahçe. 2026;55(2). doi:10.53471/bahce.1963671

Chicago

Erol, Ümit Haydar, and Bekir Bülent Arpacı. 2026. “Capsaicinoid Distribution and Transgressive Segregation in Capsicum Spp. Hybrids Derived from TEV- and CMV-Resistant Parents”. Bahçe 55 (2). https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1963671.

EndNote

Erol ÜH, Arpacı BB (August 1, 2026) Capsaicinoid Distribution and Transgressive Segregation in Capsicum spp. Hybrids Derived from TEV- and CMV-Resistant Parents. Bahçe 55 2

IEEE

[1]Ü. H. Erol and B. B. Arpacı, “Capsaicinoid Distribution and Transgressive Segregation in Capsicum spp. Hybrids Derived from TEV- and CMV-Resistant Parents”, Bahçe, vol. 55, no. 2, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.53471/bahce.1963671.

ISNAD

Erol, Ümit Haydar - Arpacı, Bekir Bülent. “Capsaicinoid Distribution and Transgressive Segregation in Capsicum Spp. Hybrids Derived from TEV- and CMV-Resistant Parents”. Bahçe 55/2 (August 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1963671.

JAMA

1.Erol ÜH, Arpacı BB. Capsaicinoid Distribution and Transgressive Segregation in Capsicum spp. Hybrids Derived from TEV- and CMV-Resistant Parents. Bahçe. 2026;55. doi:10.53471/bahce.1963671.

MLA

Erol, Ümit Haydar, and Bekir Bülent Arpacı. “Capsaicinoid Distribution and Transgressive Segregation in Capsicum Spp. Hybrids Derived from TEV- and CMV-Resistant Parents”. Bahçe, vol. 55, no. 2, Aug. 2026, doi:10.53471/bahce.1963671.

Vancouver

1.Ümit Haydar Erol, Bekir Bülent Arpacı. Capsaicinoid Distribution and Transgressive Segregation in Capsicum spp. Hybrids Derived from TEV- and CMV-Resistant Parents. Bahçe. 2026 Aug. 1;55(2). doi:10.53471/bahce.1963671

BAHCE AUTHOR GUIDELINES

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📝 BAHCE - Article Template [Makale Şablonu] [en] (r2026.08.08).docx

1. Page Layout and Font

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6. Text Structure And Headings

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The statistical test used for the significance of differences among means and its significance level must be stated under the table. When adding footnotes to tables, start from the last letter of the alphabet. Figures should be prepared in Microsoft Office programs (as required by printing technique). Photographs should be suitable for printing.

Table 1. Changes in the chemical structures of persimmon fruits grown in Çanakkale in 2001 during ripening

	Fruit firmness (kg)	Water-soluble dry matter content (%)	L-ascorbic acid (mg.100g⁻¹)	Tannin (mg.l⁻¹)	Pectin (mg.100g⁻¹)	Total sugar (mg.100g⁻¹)
1. Harvest	4.30 b	23.84 a	21.85 eu	20.59 a	1.02	22.04 d
2. Harvest	4.61 a	23.65 a	22.69 eu	20.01 a	1.17	26.15 b
3. Harvest	3.74 c	22.65 ab	23.74 a	17.45 b	1.26	27.90 a
4. Harvest	3.51 c	22.75 eu	20.14 b	17.22 b	1.46	23.74 c
5. Harvest	3.38 c	22.46 b	7.89 c	16.90 b	1.19	23.93 c
LSD	0.28	0.37	2.00	0.89	N.S.	1.46

There is a 5% difference between the means expressed with different letters in the same column (LSD)

N.S.: Not Significant

…

Figure 1. The effect of strangulation on plant height (cm)

9. Units

SI (Système International d’Unités) units must be used. Use exponent notation instead of “/” (e.g., mg·l⁻¹ instead of mg/l).

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BAHÇE Journal uses the APA 7th edition format for preparing the reference list in all manuscripts. In-text citations and reference formatting must follow APA 7 rules; examples are provided below.

In-text citations:
- Single author: (Last Name, Year) → (Özbek, 1969)
- Two authors: (Last Name & Last Name, Year) → (Kaşka & Yılmaz, 1974)
- Three or more authors: (Last Name et al., Year) → (Büyükyılmaz et al., 1994)
Reference list formatting:
- Authors are listed in alphabetical order.
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All references must comply with APA 7th edition formatting.

Examples:

Book:

Özbek, N. (1969). Deneme tekniği (I. Sera denemesi, tekniği ve metotları). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.

Book chapter:

Brown, A. C. (1975). Apples. In J. Janick & J. N. Moore (Eds.), Advances in fruit breeding (pp. 3–37). West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press.

Translation:

Kaşka, N., & Yılmaz, M. (1974). Bahçe bitkileri yetiştirme tekniği [Horticultural cultivation technique] (Translation: H. T. Hartman & D. E. Kester). Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayınlar, 79, 610 p.

Article / Proceedings:

Büyükyılmaz, M., Bulagay, A. N., & Burak, M. (1994). Marmara bölgesi için ümitvar armut çeşitleri–III. Bahçe, 23(1–2), 79–92.

Turhan, Ş., Tipi, T., & Erol, A. O. (2004). The effects of EurepGap applications on Turkish fresh fruit-vegetable production and competitiveness. Turkey VI Agricultural Economics Congress, 1, 315–322.

Thesis:

Akpınar, I. (1990). Studies on the preservation of Washington Navel, Valencia and Moro orange fruits grafted on different citrus rootstocks (Master’s Thesis). Çukurova University, Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Department of Horticulture, Adana, Türkiye.

Serial / Institutional Publications:

Anonymous. (1951). Soil survey manual handbook. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Anonim. (2000). Tarımsal yapı (üretim, fiyat, değer) (Publication No: 2614). Ankara: T.C. Prime Ministry, State Institute of Statistics.

Electronic sources:

Stiglitz, J. E. (1999). Whither reform? Ten years of the transition. Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics, Washington, D.C., 28–30 April. https://www.worldbank.org/research/abcde/stiglitz.html

11. Using Word Styles

All formatting in the Article Template (headings, author/affiliation information, abstract, table and figure captions, references, etc.) is already defined as ready-made Word styles. While preparing your manuscript, simply select the appropriate style from Word's Styles pane (Home tab) after typing the relevant element.

Always use the template's built-in styles instead of manual formatting (such as bold, italic, capitalization, changing font size, or adjusting spacing/indentation by hand). This applies to every part of the text — not only headings, but equally to author/affiliation information, the abstract, keywords, table and figure captions, and the reference list.

Consistent use of styles allows your manuscript to be processed quickly and accurately by the layout team; manual formatting, on the other hand, can lead to errors and delays that are difficult to detect during layout.

Note: Modifying the visual definition of a style (font, size, color, etc.) is the responsibility of the layout team. Authors are only expected to select the correct style, not to redefine it.