Bağcılıkta Terroir Unsurları

Year 2018, Volume: 47 Issue: 2, 57 - 70, 30.11.2018

Elman Bahar İlknur Korkutal Hüseyin Öner

Abstract

Terroir
dilimizde tek bir kelime ile açıklayamadığımız bir kelimedir. Ancak kaliteli
bir üzüm ve bundan yapılacak olan şarabın oluşturulması için gereken iklim–toprak–asma
üçlüsü ile bunlara ilave edilen kültürel işlemler ve şarap bilimi katılımı
olarak tanımlanabilir. Terroir kavramı; çevresel faktörler (coğrafi konum,
topografik yapı, vb.), toprak özellikleri (toprak reaksiyonu, pH, vb.), iklim
faktörleri (iklimsel göstergeler, sıcaklık, rüzgâr, vb.), kültürel işlemler
(dikim sıklığı, sulama, budama, vb.) ve asma–üzüm ilişkileri (terbiye sistemi,
toplam ve güneş gören yaprak alanı, vb.) olmak üzere beş ana başlık altında
incelenmektedir. Bu derlemede, terroir kavramı içinde yer alan tüm faktörler
kapsamlı olarak incelemiş ve kaliteli üzüm üretimine yönelik gelecekte
yapılacak çalışmalara ön bilgi vermek amacıyla sunulmuştur

Keywords

Terroir, bağcılık, Vitis vinifera L.

Terroir Elements in Viticulture

Abstract

This term was not explain by only word in Turkish
language. However, this word describe the harvest of qualified grape and making
good wine for this grape about climate–soil–grapevine and addition to these
factors cultural practices and oenology. Terroir term included five main
topics; environmental factors (geographical site, topographical structure, etc.), soil characteristics (soil
reaction, pH, etc.), climate factors (climatic indices, temperature, wind,
etc.), cultural practices (planting density, irrigation, pruning, etc.) and grapevine–grape
relations (trellising systems, total and exposed leaf area, etc.). All factors
which are play a part in terroir is examined extensively in this review, and
briefing for quality grape production in next researches

Keywords

Terroir, viticulture, Vitis vinifera L.

References

• Ağaoğlu, S., 2002. Bilimsel uygulamalı bağcılık. Cilt 2. Asma fizyolojisi 1. Kavaklıdere Eğitim Yayınları, No:5.
• Bahar, E., Korkutal, İ. ve Boz, Y., 2010. Tekirdağ ili Şarköy ilçesinin terroir açısından değerlendirilmesi. Şarköy Değerleri Sempozyumu, 14 Ekim 2010.
• Cangir, C. ve D. Boyraz, 2006. Jeoloji (Jeopedoloji). Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bölümü, Tekirdağ. ISBN: 9944–5195–0–2. 253s.
• Carbonneau, A., 1980. Recherce sur les systèmes de conduite de la vigne: Essai de maitrise du microclimat et de la plante entrieri pour produire économiquement du raisin de quality. These Doc. Univ. Bordeaux II.
• Carbonneau, A., 1998. Aspects qualitatifs. 258–276. In: Tiercelin, JR (Ed.), Traite d’irrigation. Tec & Doc. Lavosier Ed., Paris, p.1011.
• Carbonneau, A., Champagnol, F., Deloire, A. and Sevilla, F., 1998. Récolte et qualité du raisin, in C. flanzy. fondements scientifiques et technologiques. Lavoisier Tec & Doc ed., 1311.
• Carbonneau, A., 2001. Concepts “terroir”. Giesco XIIᵉ jour–nées du groupe européen d’étude des systèmes de conduitede la vigne. Montpellier, France, 3–7 juillet, 2, 669.
• Carbonneau, A., Deloire, A. and Jaillard, B., 2007. La vigne. physiologie, terroir, culture. Dunod, Paris, ISBN: 9782–1004–999–84.
• Carbonneau, A. and Bahar, E., 2009. Vine and berry responses to contrasted water fluxes in Ecotron around veraison: Manipulation of berry shrivelling and consequences on berry growth, sugar loading and maturation. 16. International Symp. GiESCO Univ. of California. 12–15 July 2009, USA, pp.145–154.
• Combee, B.G., 1959. Fruit set and development in seed grape varieties as affected by defoliation, topping, gridling and other treatments. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 10:85–100.
• Conde, C., Silva, P., Fontes, N., Dias, A.C.P., Tavares, R.M., Sousa, M.J., Agasse, A., Delrot, S. and Gerós, H., 2007. Biochemical changes throughout grape berry development and fruit and wine quality. Food 1(1):1–22.
• Çelik, S., 2007. Bağcılık (Ampeloloji–I). Anadolu Matbaa Ambalaj San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti., Cilt I Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı, Tekirdağ. 423s.
• De La Hera Orts, M.L., Martínez–Cutillas, A., López–Roca, J.M. and Gómez–Plaza, E., 2005. Effect of moderate irrigation on grape composition during ripening. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 3(3):352–361.
• Deloire, A., Lopez, F. and Carbonneau, A., 2002. Reponses de la vigne et terroir. Progrès Agricole et Viticole 4(119):78–86.
• Hunter, J.J., Archer, E., Volschenk and C.G., 2010. Vineyard management for enviroment valorisation. Proceedings 8. Int. Zoning Caonres, Soavei Italy, 14–18 June 2010.
• Jackson, D.I. and Lombard, P.B., 1993. Environmental and management practices affecting grape composition and wine quality–a review. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 44(4):409–430.
• Jones, G.V., 2007. Climate change: observations, projections, and general implications for viticulture and wine production. Economics Department Working Paper No: 7. Whitman College.
• Kacar B. ve Katkat V., 2007. Bitki besleme (Genişletilmiş 3. baskı). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. 82s.
• Kliewer, W.M. and Smart, R.E., 1989. Canopy manipulation for optimizing vine microclimate, crop yield and composition of grapes. In Manipulation of Fruiting. C.J. Wright (Ed.), pp.275–291. Butterworth, London.
• Kliewer, W.M. and Dokoozlian, N., 2005. Leaf area/crop weight ratios of grapevines: influence on fruit composition and wine quality. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 56:2.
• Roby, G., Harbertson, J.F., Adams, D.A. and Matthews, M.A., 2004. Berry size and vine water deficits as factors in winegrape composition: anthocyanins and tannins. Australian Journal Grape and Wine Research 10:100–107.
• Saayman, D., 1982. Soil preparation studies: Effect of depth of soil preparation and organic material additions on growth, production and quality of wine grapes: 1967–1981. Agricultural Research, Pretoria. 38.
• Schalkwyk, D. Van, 2004. Methods to determine berry mass, berry volume and bunch mass. Wynboer, A technical guide for wine producers. September 2004. (http://www.wynboer.co.za/recentarticles/0409methods.php3).
• Smart, R.E., Robinson, J.B., Due, G.R. and Brien, C.J., 1985. Canopy microclimate modification for the cultivar Shiraz. I. Definition of canopy microclimate. Vitis 24:17–31.
• Smart, R. and Robinson, M., 2006. Sunlight into wine. A handbook for winegrape canopy management. Tenth Printing February 2006. 88p.
• Smart, R.E., Dick, J.K., Gravett, I.M. and Fisher, B.M., 1990. Canopy management to improve grape yield and wine quality–principles and practices. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture 11(1):3–17.
• Smith, R. and Prichard, T., 2002. UC cooperative extension august. (http://ucce. ucdavis.edu/files/filelibrary/2161/41093.pdf) (Erişim Tarihi: 12.09.2014).
• Tonietto, J., 1999. Les macroclimats viticoles mondiaux et l’influence du mésoclimat sur la typicité de la Syrah et du Muscat de Hambourg dans le sud de la France: méthodologie de caráctérisation. Thèse Doctorat. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Montpellier, 233p.
• Uzun, İ., 2003. Bağcılık. Hasat Yayınları. Antalya.
• Vaudour, E., 2003. Les terroirs viticoles. Définitions, caractérisation et protection. Dunod, Paris, ISBN: 2100064541.
• Wolf, T.K. and Boyer, J.D., 2009. Vineyard site selection. (http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/463/ 463–020/463–020.html) (Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2012).