Constructing an Electronic Circuitry for Label-free Hall Biosensors

Abstract

Magnetic field has a huge potential of providing non-destructive and highly efficient detection platforms in biosensing field. It provides a low intrinsic background in biological systems since those systems have no comparable biological signal. Hall devices are currently dominating the market of the magnetic sensors due to several advantages such as allowing miniaturization, being compatible with electronics integration, cheaper fabrication and room temperature operation with high linearity. It is important to construct a suitable front-end circuitry in order to be able to achieve a portable and label-free working Hall biosensor. This paper presents the construction of an electronic circuitry that is required for actuating Hall based biosensors and obtaining the output since there are undesired effects which are causing less sensitive or less accurate results. The paper takes a closer look at those effects and presents the solution to the problem by introducing a developed circuitry on a designed printed circuit board along with the promising results it has achieved.

Keywords

• Hall effect,Hall biosensors,offset removal,spinning current circuitry

References

1. [1] R. S. Popović, Hall effect devices, 2nd ed. Philadelphia : Institute of Physics Pub., 2004.[2] G. Boero, M. Demierre, P. A. Besse, and R. S. Popovic, “Micro-Hall devices: Performance, technologies and applications,” Sensors Actuators, A Phys., vol. 106, no. 1–3, pp. 314–320, 2003.[3] E. Ramsden, Hall-Effect Sensors, 2nd ed. Elsevier, 2006.[4] H. Xu et al., “Batch-fabricated high-performance graphene Hall elements,” Sci. Rep., vol. 3, p. 1207, 2013.[5] D. Izci, C. Dale, N. Keegan, and J. Hedley, “The Construction of a Graphene Hall Effect Magnetometer,” IEEE Sens. J., vol. 18, no. 23, pp. 9534–9541, Dec. 2018.[6] S. Johnstone, “Is there potential for use of the Hall effect in analytical science?,” Analyst, vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 293–296, 2008.[7] K. Skucha, P. Liu, M. Megens, J. Kim, and B. Boser, “A compact Hall-effect sensor array for the detection and imaging of single magnetic beads in biomedical assays,” 16th Int. Solid-State Sensors, Actuators Microsystems Conf. TRANSDUCERS’11, pp. 1833–1836, 2011.[8] T. Ishikawa, “Immunoassay on silicon chip,” 2014 29th Symp. Microelectron. Technol. Devices Chip Aracaju, SBMicro 2014, 2014.[9] P. Manandhar et al., “The detection of specific biomolecular interactions with micro-Hall magnetic sensors,” Nanotechnology, vol. 20, no. 35, p. 355501, 2009.[10] A. Sandhu and H. Handa, “Practical hall sensors for biomedical instrumentation,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 4123–4127, 2005.[11] K. Togawa et al., “High sensitivity InSb hall effect biosensor platform for DNA detection and biomolecular recognition using functionalized magnetic nanobeads,” Japanese J. Appl. Physics, Part 2 Lett., vol. 44, no. 46–49, pp. L1494–L1497, 2005.[12] D. Issadore, H. J. Chung, J. Chung, G. Budin, R. Weissleder, and H. Lee, “μHall chip for sensitive detection of bacteria,” Adv. Healthc. Mater., vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 1224–1228, 2013.[13] D. Issadore et al., “Magnetic sensing technology for molecular analyses,” Lab Chip, vol. 14, no. 14, pp. 2385–2397, 2014.[14] T. Takamura, P. J. Ko, J. Sharma, R. Yukino, S. Ishizawa, and A. Sandhu, “Magnetic-particle-sensing based diagnostic protocols and applications,” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 12983–12998, 2015.[15] T. A. P. Rocha-Santos, “Sensors and biosensors based on magnetic nanoparticles,” TrAC - Trends Anal. Chem., vol. 62, pp. 28–36, 2014.[16] J. Wang, A. N. Kawde, A. Erdem, and M. Salazar, “Magnetic bead-based label-free electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization,” Analyst, vol. 126, no. 11, pp. 2020–2024, 2001.[17] A. Manzin and V. Nabaei, “Modelling of micro-Hall sensors for magnetization imaging,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 115, no. 17, 2014.[18] M. A. Paun, J. M. Sallese, and M. Kayal, “Hall effect sensors design, integration and behavior analysis,” J. Sens. Actuator Networks, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 85–97, 2013.[19] S. Sanfilippo, “Hall probes: Physics and application to magnetometry,” in CAS 2009 - CERN Accelerator School: Magnets, Proceedings, 2010, pp. 423–462.[20] R. Steiner, C. Maier, A. Hàberli, F. P. Steiner, and H. Baltes, “Offset reduction in Hall devices by continuous spinning current method,” Sensors Actuators, A Phys., vol. 66, no. 1–3, pp. 167–172, 1998.[21] X. Chen, Y. Xu, X. Xie, Y. Guo, and Y. Huang, “A novel Hall dynamic offset cancellation circuit based on four-phase spinning current technique,” China Semicond. Technol. Int. Conf. 2015, CSTIC 2015, pp. 1–3, 2015.