Criteria for controlling fatwas in Islamic banks

Year 2022, Volume: 2 , 65 - 80, 29.06.2022

Dilal Saleh

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6757469

Abstract

Abstract
Islamic banks have appeared and their growing activity has grown rapidly, and with their emergence, the Sharia Fatwa Boards responsible for the fatwas of those banks appeared in terms of the approval of their actions to Islamic Sharia. With the different and multiplicity of Sharia boards, the fatwas have multiplied and varied, which led to a difference in the practical applications of Islamic financial products in the transactions and contracts that applied, and even questioning the credibility of those banks and accusing them of following abnormal fatwas and weak opinions, and from here this research came to show the need for the presence of basic components in the Sharia supervisory boards to ensure that the work is carried out correctly and in accordance with Islamic law, and then the research set standards that guarantee the independence of the decisions of the Sharia boards in Islamic banks Its impartiality he called standards of Sharia compliance, and the development of proposals that include standards for work and standards for organization, and the research stressed the need to refer to decisions and provisions issued by collective ijtihad, so that all of the above contributes clearly to the unification and control of fatwas and leads to the control of the work of the bodies and the impartiality of the decisions issued by them, in addition to that It shall be a basis upon which all legal bodies shall rest and fall It does not lead to the control of the fatwas issued by it.
The research concluded that access to disciplined fatwas, far from any pressures or conflict of interests, must be subject to the standards of legal commitment that the research clarified, in addition to taking into account the importance of collective ijtihad, which clearly contributes to the unification and control of fatwas.

Keywords

fatwa, Sharia Supervisory Boards, Islamic Banks, Conflicts of Interest, Independence, Collective ijtihad, Sharia Compliance Standards

معاييلر ضبط الفتوى في المصارف الاسلامية

Abstract

الملخص
لقد ظهرت المصارف الإسلاميّة و تطور نشاطها المتنامي بشكل متسارع، وبظهورها ظهرت هيئات الفتاوى الشرعية المسؤولة عن الفتاوى الخاصة بتلك المصارف من حيث موافقة أعمالها للشريعة الإسلامية وباختلاف الهيئات الشرعية وتعددها تعددت الفتاوى وتباينت، مما أدى إلى الاختلاف في التطبيقات العملية للمنتجات الماليّة الإسلاميّة في المعاملات والعقود التي تطبقها، بل والتشكيك بمصداقية تلك المصارف واتهامها بتتبع الفتاوى الشاذة والآراء الضعيفة ، ومن هنا جاء هذا البحث ليبين ضرورة وجود مكونات أساسية في هيئات الرقابة الشرعية تضمن تنفيذ الأعمال بشكل صحيح وموافق للشريعة الاسلامية، ومن ثمّ وضع البحث معايير تضمن استقلالية قرارات الهيئات الشرعية في المصارف الإسلامية وحيادها سماها معايير الالتزام الشرعي، ووضع مقترحات تضم معايير للعمل ومعايير للتنظيم ، وأكد البحث على ضرورة الرجوع لقرارات وأحكام تصدر عن الاجتهاد الجماعي، بحيث كل ما سبق يسهم إسهاماً واضحاً في توحيد الفتاوى وضبطها ويؤدي إلى ضبط أعمال الهيئات وحيادية القرارات الصادرة عنها ، بالإضافة إلى أن يكون أساساً ترتكز عليه وتندرج تحته كل الهيئات الشرعيّة، مما يؤدي إلى ضبط الفتاوى الصادرة عنها .
وخلص البحث إلى أن الوصول إلى فتاوى منضبطة، بعيدة عن أي ضغوط أو تعارض مصالح لابد أن تحضع لمعايير الالتزام الشرعي التي وضحها البحث بالإضافة إلى الأخذ بعين الاعتبار أهمية الاجتهاد الجماعي الذي يسهم إسهاماً واضحاً في توحيد الفتاوى وضبطها.

Keywords

ضبط الفتوى, هيئات الرقابة الشرعية, المصارف الإسلامية, تعارض المصالح, الاستقلالية, الاجتهاد الجماعي, معايير الالتزام الشرعي

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