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Geçici Barınma Merkezindeki Okullarda Matematik Öğretmeni Olmak: Türk Öğretmenler ve Suriyeli Öğrenciler

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: Özel Sayı, 720 - 743, 20.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1335101

Abstract

Çalışmada, Türkiye’de Geçici Barınma Merkezi’ndeki okullarda matematik öğretmenlerinin karşılaştığı zorluklar ve başa çıkma yolları araştırmıştır. Bu anlamda Geçici Barınma Merkezi’ndeki okullarda görev yapan matematik öğretmenlerinin deneyimlerine odaklanılmış ve öğretim süreçlerinin anlaşılmasına katkı sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri Kilis ilinde bulunan Geçici Barınma Merkez’lerindeki okullarda görev yapan matematik öğretmenlerinden toplanmıştır. Araştırma nitel bir yaklaşımla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür. Çalışma matematik öğretmenlerinin mülteci öğrenci olgusuna ilişkin deneyimlerine odaklandığı için fenomenolojik bir araştırmadır. Araştırmada mesleklerinin ilk yıllarında olduğu tespit edilen öğretmenlerin matematik öğretimi yaparken başta dil bariyerine takıldıklarını ve buna rağmen matematik öğrenme fırsatları oluşturmaya çalıştıkları görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin eğitim almadıkları halde mülteci öğrencilerin kültürlerini ve dillerini derse katarak (etnomatematik) dersleri zenginleştirme çabalarına rastlanmıştır. Geçici Barınma Merkezi’nde yaşamanın olumsuz bir dil öğrenme ortamı olduğu ve matematik öğrenimini olumsuz etkilediği belirlenmiştir.

Supporting Institution

YOK

Project Number

YOK

Thanks

YOK

References

  • Alkan, H. B. (2007). Primary school teachers’ methods of coping with unwanted behaviours and violence in schools [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Niğde University.
  • Alpaydın, Y. (2017). An analysis of educational policies for school-aged Syrian refugees in Turkey. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5 (9), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i9.2476
  • Bahadır, E. (2021). Ethnomathematics approach in mathematics education for migrant students. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 50(1), 577-594. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.959829
  • Barwell, R. (Ed.). (2009). Multilingualism in mathematics classrooms: Global perspectives. Multilingual Matters. Başar, M., Akan, D., & Çiftçi, M. (2018). Learning-teaching process issues in classrooms with refugee students.
  • Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(5), 1571-1578. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.427432
  • Bayir, D., & Aksu, F. (2020). From the open-door policy to security threat: The case of Syrian asylum seekers in Turkey. Marmara University Journal of Political Science, 8(2), 324-356. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.789791
  • Boos-Nünning, U., Hohmann, M., Reich, H. H., & Wittek, F. (2007). Education: A comparative study of the education of migrant children in Belgium, England, France, and the Netherlands. Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED349836
  • Borjian, A., & Padilla, A. M. (2010). Voices from Mexico: How American teachers can meet the needs of Mexican immigrant students. The Urban Review, 42(4), 316-328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-009-0135-0
  • Celedón-Pattichis, S., Borden, L. L., Pape, S. J., Clements, D. H., Peters, S. A., Males, J. R., et. al. (2018). Asset-Based Approaches to Equitable Mathematics Education Research and Practice. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 49(4), 373-389. https://doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.49.4.0373
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Siyasal Kitabevi. de Abreu, G. (2014). Cultural Diversity in Mathematics Education. In S. Lerman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education (pp. 125-129). Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Dere, İ., & Demirci, E. (2023). Problems of migrant students in education in Türkiye HUMANITAS – International Journal of Social Sciences, 11(INCSOS VIII Özel Sayısı), 108-135. https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.1239654
  • Elfers, A. M., Lucero, A., Stritikus, T., & Knapp, M. S. (2013). Building systems of support for classroom teachers working with English language learners. International Multilingual Research Journal, 7(2), 155-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/19313152.2012.665824
  • Erdem, C. (2017). Instructional problems experienced by primary school teachers who have refugee students in their classes and their solutions for problems. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 26-42. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mead/issue/30039/322019
  • Gorgorió, N., & Planas, N. (2001). Teaching mathematics in multilingual classrooms. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 47, 7-33. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1017980828943
  • Gorgorió, N., & Planas, N. (2005). Social representations as mediators of mathematics learning in multiethnic classrooms. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 20(1), 91-104. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03173213
  • Gutstein E, Peterson R (eds) (2006) Rethinking mathematics: Teaching social justice by the numbers. Rethinking Mathematics Ltd.
  • Harrison, D. A., Harrison, T., & Shaffer, M. A. (2019). Strangers in strained lands: Learning from workplace experiences of immigrant employees. Journal of Management, 45(2), 600-619. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318790648
  • Hokkinen, M., & Barner-Rasmussen, W. (2023). Refugees' language learning and career aspirations: An agentic lens. Journal of International Management, 29(5), 101061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2023.10106 İlgar, L. (2007). A Research Classroom Management Skills Of Primary School Teachers. [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. İstanbul University
  • İmamoğlu, H. V., & Çalışkan, E. (2017). Opinions of Teachers on the Primary Education of Foreign Students in Public Schools: The Case of Sinop Province. Karabük University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 7(2), 529-546. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/joiss/issue/32387/360214
  • Jasper, M. A. (1994). Issues in phenomenology for researchers of nursing, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(2), 309-314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01085.x
  • Kılıç, B. S. (2020). No Panic!!! Evaluation of the Book Named I am a Refugee. International Journal of Scholars in Education, 3(1), 129-134. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ueader/issue/55302/747176
  • Korkut, K., & Babaoğlan, E. (2010). Classroom management ability of classroom teachers. Dumlupınar University Journal of Social Sciences, 26(2), 146-156. https://www.ajindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423876644.pdf
  • Liggett, T. (2010). ‘A little bit marginalized’: The structural marginalization of English language teachers in urban and rural public schools. Teaching Education, 21(3), 217-232. https://doi.org/10.1080/10476211003695514
  • Lowenhaupt, R. (2015). Bilingual education policy in Wisconsin’s new Latino diaspora. Revisiting education in the new Latino diaspora, 245-262.
  • Miles, M.B., & Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Sage.
  • Moschkovich, J. (2002). A situated and sociocultural perspective on bilingual mathematics learners. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 4(2-3), 189-212. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327833MTL04023_5
  • Nortvedt, G. A., & Wiese, E. (2020). Numeracy and migrant students: A case study of secondary level mathematics education in Norway. ZDM – Mathematics Education, 52(3), 527-539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01143-z
  • Olsen, L. (1997). Made in America: Immigrant students in our public schools. The New Press.
  • Özyürek, M. (1996). Sınıfta davranış yönetimi [Behavior management in the classroom]. Karatepe Yayınları.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research ve evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage.
  • Reys, R. E., Suydam, M. N., Lindquist, M. M., & Smith, N. L. (1998). Helping children learn mathematics (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Rosas, C., & West, M. (2009). Teachers’ beliefs about classroom management: Pre-service and in-service teachers’ beliefs about classroom management. International Journal of Applied Educational Studies, 5(1), 54-61. https://web.s.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=10d21feb-bd10-4e50-a885-fa51e5822660%40redis
  • Rousseau, C., & Tate, W. F. (2003). No time like the present: Reflecting on equity in school mathematics. Theory into Practice,42(3), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4203_7
  • Sağlam, F. (2007). Evaluation of primary school teachers? Self sufficiency and effect perceptions in the use of information technology sources during their lessons [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Yeditepe University.
  • Sarıtaş, E., Şahin, Ü., & Çatalbaş, G. (2016). Problems faced with foreign students in primary schools. Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 25(1), 208-229. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/pausbed/issue/34754/384374
  • Scanlan, M., & López, F. A. (2014). Leadership for culturally and linguistically responsive schools. Routledge.
  • Souto-Manning, M. (2013). Multicultural teaching in the early childhood classroom: Approaches, strategies, and tools, preschool-2nd grade. Teachers College Press.
  • Şimşir, Z., & Dilmaç, B. (2018). Problems teachers' face and solution proposals in the schools where the foreign students are educated. Elementary Education Online, 17(2), 1116-1134. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2018.419647
  • T.R. General Directorate of Migration Management (2022). https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638
  • Tekin Karagöz, C. ve Mamur, N. (2015). The reflections of girls at risk about their future and profession perceptions to their drawings. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 3(1), 26-53. https://doi.org/14689/issn.2148-2624.1.3c1s2m
  • Terzi, Ç. (2001). Identifying the opinions of teachers on classroom management styles [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Anadolu University.
  • Topçu, E., Büyükbeşe, T., & Durmuş, Ü. (2019). Suriyeli öğrencilerin bakış açısı ile göç ve eğitim [Migration and education from the perspective of Syrian students]. KalMIREC Yayın No 1.
  • UNCHR (2022). https://www.unhcr.org/tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2022/03/Bi-annual-fact-sheet-2022-02-Turkey-ENG-Final-210322_TR_PI.pdf
  • Valdes, G. (1996). Con respeto: Bridging the distances between culturally diverse families and schools. Teachers College Press.
  • Valdes, G. (1998). The world outside and inside schools: Language and immigrant children, Educational Researcher, 27(6), 4-18. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X027006004
  • Valenzuela, A. (1999). Subtractive schooling: U.S. Mexican youth and the politics of caring. State University of New York Press.
  • Varol, F., & Kubanç, Y. (2015). Requiring students to beat the experienced by the verbal and Arithmetic division operation investigation of problems. Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Education Faculty, 34(1), 99-123. https://doi.org/10.7822/omuefd.34.1.6
  • Villavicencio, A., Jaffe-Walter, R., & Klevan, S. (2021). “You can’t close your door here:” Leveraging teacher collaboration to improve outcomes for immigrant English learners. Teaching and Teacher Education, 97, 103227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103227
  • Yenilmez, K., & Çöplü, Ö. F. (2019). The difficulties of the teachers in the education of immigrant students. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 8(3), 26-36. http://www.jret.org/FileUpload/ks281142/File/003.kursat_yenilmez.pdf
  • Yolcu, A., & Doğan, M. F. (2022). Mathematics learning opportunities of culturally diverse learners: primary and middle school mathematics teachers’ perspectives and pedagogical strategies. The Journal of Buca Faculty of Education, 53, 390-408. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1063513

Being a Mathematics Teacher in Schools in Temporary Accommodation Centres: Turkish Teachers and Syrian Students

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: Özel Sayı, 720 - 743, 20.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1335101

Abstract

In the study, the difficulties faced by mathematics teachers in schools in Temporary Accommodation Centers in Türkiye and ways of coping were investigated. In this sense, it is focused on the experiences of mathematics teachers working in the schools in the Temporary Accommodation Center, and it is aimed to contribute to the understanding of the teaching processes. The study data were collected from mathematics teachers working in schools in Temporary Accommodation Centers. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach. Phenomenology design was used in the study. The study observed that teachers try to create opportunities to learn mathematics. Teachers have been attempting to enrich the lessons (ethnomathematics) by incorporating the cultures and languages of refugee students into the class, even though they have yet to receive any training. To create the fair learning environments deserved by refugee students in the Temporary Accommodation Center, it is recommended to increase the studies on teachers' mathematics teaching processes and to identify their needs.

Project Number

YOK

References

  • Alkan, H. B. (2007). Primary school teachers’ methods of coping with unwanted behaviours and violence in schools [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Niğde University.
  • Alpaydın, Y. (2017). An analysis of educational policies for school-aged Syrian refugees in Turkey. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5 (9), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i9.2476
  • Bahadır, E. (2021). Ethnomathematics approach in mathematics education for migrant students. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 50(1), 577-594. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.959829
  • Barwell, R. (Ed.). (2009). Multilingualism in mathematics classrooms: Global perspectives. Multilingual Matters. Başar, M., Akan, D., & Çiftçi, M. (2018). Learning-teaching process issues in classrooms with refugee students.
  • Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(5), 1571-1578. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.427432
  • Bayir, D., & Aksu, F. (2020). From the open-door policy to security threat: The case of Syrian asylum seekers in Turkey. Marmara University Journal of Political Science, 8(2), 324-356. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.789791
  • Boos-Nünning, U., Hohmann, M., Reich, H. H., & Wittek, F. (2007). Education: A comparative study of the education of migrant children in Belgium, England, France, and the Netherlands. Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED349836
  • Borjian, A., & Padilla, A. M. (2010). Voices from Mexico: How American teachers can meet the needs of Mexican immigrant students. The Urban Review, 42(4), 316-328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-009-0135-0
  • Celedón-Pattichis, S., Borden, L. L., Pape, S. J., Clements, D. H., Peters, S. A., Males, J. R., et. al. (2018). Asset-Based Approaches to Equitable Mathematics Education Research and Practice. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 49(4), 373-389. https://doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.49.4.0373
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Siyasal Kitabevi. de Abreu, G. (2014). Cultural Diversity in Mathematics Education. In S. Lerman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education (pp. 125-129). Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Dere, İ., & Demirci, E. (2023). Problems of migrant students in education in Türkiye HUMANITAS – International Journal of Social Sciences, 11(INCSOS VIII Özel Sayısı), 108-135. https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.1239654
  • Elfers, A. M., Lucero, A., Stritikus, T., & Knapp, M. S. (2013). Building systems of support for classroom teachers working with English language learners. International Multilingual Research Journal, 7(2), 155-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/19313152.2012.665824
  • Erdem, C. (2017). Instructional problems experienced by primary school teachers who have refugee students in their classes and their solutions for problems. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 26-42. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mead/issue/30039/322019
  • Gorgorió, N., & Planas, N. (2001). Teaching mathematics in multilingual classrooms. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 47, 7-33. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1017980828943
  • Gorgorió, N., & Planas, N. (2005). Social representations as mediators of mathematics learning in multiethnic classrooms. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 20(1), 91-104. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03173213
  • Gutstein E, Peterson R (eds) (2006) Rethinking mathematics: Teaching social justice by the numbers. Rethinking Mathematics Ltd.
  • Harrison, D. A., Harrison, T., & Shaffer, M. A. (2019). Strangers in strained lands: Learning from workplace experiences of immigrant employees. Journal of Management, 45(2), 600-619. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318790648
  • Hokkinen, M., & Barner-Rasmussen, W. (2023). Refugees' language learning and career aspirations: An agentic lens. Journal of International Management, 29(5), 101061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2023.10106 İlgar, L. (2007). A Research Classroom Management Skills Of Primary School Teachers. [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. İstanbul University
  • İmamoğlu, H. V., & Çalışkan, E. (2017). Opinions of Teachers on the Primary Education of Foreign Students in Public Schools: The Case of Sinop Province. Karabük University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 7(2), 529-546. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/joiss/issue/32387/360214
  • Jasper, M. A. (1994). Issues in phenomenology for researchers of nursing, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(2), 309-314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01085.x
  • Kılıç, B. S. (2020). No Panic!!! Evaluation of the Book Named I am a Refugee. International Journal of Scholars in Education, 3(1), 129-134. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ueader/issue/55302/747176
  • Korkut, K., & Babaoğlan, E. (2010). Classroom management ability of classroom teachers. Dumlupınar University Journal of Social Sciences, 26(2), 146-156. https://www.ajindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423876644.pdf
  • Liggett, T. (2010). ‘A little bit marginalized’: The structural marginalization of English language teachers in urban and rural public schools. Teaching Education, 21(3), 217-232. https://doi.org/10.1080/10476211003695514
  • Lowenhaupt, R. (2015). Bilingual education policy in Wisconsin’s new Latino diaspora. Revisiting education in the new Latino diaspora, 245-262.
  • Miles, M.B., & Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Sage.
  • Moschkovich, J. (2002). A situated and sociocultural perspective on bilingual mathematics learners. Mathematical Thinking and Learning, 4(2-3), 189-212. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327833MTL04023_5
  • Nortvedt, G. A., & Wiese, E. (2020). Numeracy and migrant students: A case study of secondary level mathematics education in Norway. ZDM – Mathematics Education, 52(3), 527-539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01143-z
  • Olsen, L. (1997). Made in America: Immigrant students in our public schools. The New Press.
  • Özyürek, M. (1996). Sınıfta davranış yönetimi [Behavior management in the classroom]. Karatepe Yayınları.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research ve evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage.
  • Reys, R. E., Suydam, M. N., Lindquist, M. M., & Smith, N. L. (1998). Helping children learn mathematics (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Rosas, C., & West, M. (2009). Teachers’ beliefs about classroom management: Pre-service and in-service teachers’ beliefs about classroom management. International Journal of Applied Educational Studies, 5(1), 54-61. https://web.s.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=10d21feb-bd10-4e50-a885-fa51e5822660%40redis
  • Rousseau, C., & Tate, W. F. (2003). No time like the present: Reflecting on equity in school mathematics. Theory into Practice,42(3), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4203_7
  • Sağlam, F. (2007). Evaluation of primary school teachers? Self sufficiency and effect perceptions in the use of information technology sources during their lessons [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Yeditepe University.
  • Sarıtaş, E., Şahin, Ü., & Çatalbaş, G. (2016). Problems faced with foreign students in primary schools. Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 25(1), 208-229. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/pausbed/issue/34754/384374
  • Scanlan, M., & López, F. A. (2014). Leadership for culturally and linguistically responsive schools. Routledge.
  • Souto-Manning, M. (2013). Multicultural teaching in the early childhood classroom: Approaches, strategies, and tools, preschool-2nd grade. Teachers College Press.
  • Şimşir, Z., & Dilmaç, B. (2018). Problems teachers' face and solution proposals in the schools where the foreign students are educated. Elementary Education Online, 17(2), 1116-1134. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2018.419647
  • T.R. General Directorate of Migration Management (2022). https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638
  • Tekin Karagöz, C. ve Mamur, N. (2015). The reflections of girls at risk about their future and profession perceptions to their drawings. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 3(1), 26-53. https://doi.org/14689/issn.2148-2624.1.3c1s2m
  • Terzi, Ç. (2001). Identifying the opinions of teachers on classroom management styles [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Anadolu University.
  • Topçu, E., Büyükbeşe, T., & Durmuş, Ü. (2019). Suriyeli öğrencilerin bakış açısı ile göç ve eğitim [Migration and education from the perspective of Syrian students]. KalMIREC Yayın No 1.
  • UNCHR (2022). https://www.unhcr.org/tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2022/03/Bi-annual-fact-sheet-2022-02-Turkey-ENG-Final-210322_TR_PI.pdf
  • Valdes, G. (1996). Con respeto: Bridging the distances between culturally diverse families and schools. Teachers College Press.
  • Valdes, G. (1998). The world outside and inside schools: Language and immigrant children, Educational Researcher, 27(6), 4-18. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X027006004
  • Valenzuela, A. (1999). Subtractive schooling: U.S. Mexican youth and the politics of caring. State University of New York Press.
  • Varol, F., & Kubanç, Y. (2015). Requiring students to beat the experienced by the verbal and Arithmetic division operation investigation of problems. Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Education Faculty, 34(1), 99-123. https://doi.org/10.7822/omuefd.34.1.6
  • Villavicencio, A., Jaffe-Walter, R., & Klevan, S. (2021). “You can’t close your door here:” Leveraging teacher collaboration to improve outcomes for immigrant English learners. Teaching and Teacher Education, 97, 103227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103227
  • Yenilmez, K., & Çöplü, Ö. F. (2019). The difficulties of the teachers in the education of immigrant students. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 8(3), 26-36. http://www.jret.org/FileUpload/ks281142/File/003.kursat_yenilmez.pdf
  • Yolcu, A., & Doğan, M. F. (2022). Mathematics learning opportunities of culturally diverse learners: primary and middle school mathematics teachers’ perspectives and pedagogical strategies. The Journal of Buca Faculty of Education, 53, 390-408. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1063513
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Mathematics Education
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Zuhal Gun Sahin 0000-0003-3771-9740

Project Number YOK
Publication Date October 20, 2023
Submission Date July 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 17 Issue: Özel Sayı

Cite

APA Gun Sahin, Z. (2023). Being a Mathematics Teacher in Schools in Temporary Accommodation Centres: Turkish Teachers and Syrian Students. Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 17(Özel Sayı), 720-743. https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1335101