Examining Game Designs Compatible with the Planning, Implementation, Evaluation Model in the Context of Science Education
Year 2024,
Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 219 - 247, 27.12.2024
Sibel Yumak
,
Kübra Öçsoy
,
Saliha Öztürk
,
Elif Benzer
Abstract
This study aims to examine the general features, quality, PIE (Planning, Implementation, Evaluation) model compliance, and environmental literacy of games created by pre-service science teachers using the PIE methodology. The research participants were pre-service science teachers who were enrolled in the elective course “Science, Sustainability and Environment (SSE)” as third-grade undergraduate students. The pre-service teachers were instructed to create a game using the PIE model while taking into account the environmental learning outcomes listed in the Ministry of National Education’s (MoNE) 2018 Science Curriculum. Three researchers assessed each of 13 designs independently, and reliability was determined using Miles and Huberman's formula (1994). The study's findings showed that the majority of the games were card games, and they were authentic. It was determined that the games met the PIE model's requirements for quality and compatibility. It was also established that the pre-service teachers primarily incorporated environmental awareness and subsequently knowledge in their games as part of the environmental literacy components.
Ethical Statement
The study involves human participants. Ethics committee permission (Date: 10.11.2023, Number: 11- 2023-524) was obtained from Necmettin Erbakan University, Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee.
References
- Akcanca, N., & Sömen, T. (2018). Prospective teachers’ educational game designing and applications. Electronic Turkish Studies, 13(27), 49-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.14506
- Akgül, G., & Kılıç, M. (2020). Preservice science teachers’ views on educational digital games and KODU implementations. Fen Bilimleri Öğretimi Dergisi, 8(2),101-120. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fbod/issue/71992/1158003
- Alınmaz, N. (2023). Investigation of pre-school teachers’ competencies on environmental literacy (Publication No. 774963) [Master’s thesis, Kastamonu University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Altınöz, N. (2010). Environmental literacy levels of prospective science teachers (Publication No. 274704) [Master’s thesis, Sakarya University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Andrews, D. H., & Goodson, L. A. (1980). A comparative analysis of models of instructional design. Journal of Instructional Development, 3(4), 2-16. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02904348
- Aymen Peker, E. (2018). Evaluation of teaching the unit of titled ‘Let’s travel and learn about the living world’ for 5th grades with classic educational games and educational games supported with technology (Publication No. 492301) [Doctoral dissertation, Ondokuz Mayıs University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Beker Baş, M., & Karamustafaoğlu, O. (2020). An educational game on central and peripheral nervous system. Gazi Journal of Educational Science, 6(1), 80-92. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gebd/issue/53429/643014
- Benzer, E. (2010). The effect of environmental education lesson prepared with project-based learning approach on pre-service science teachers’ environmental literacy (Publication No. 279892) [Doctoral dissertation, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Bilim, İ. (2012). Sustainable environment perspective faculty of education students’ levels of environmental literacy (Publication No. 330235) [Master’s thesis, Afyon Kocatepe University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Cop, M. R., & Kablan, Z. (2018). The analysis of studies on educational games in Turkey. Kocaeli University Journal of Education, 1(1), 52-71. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kuje/issue/37623/422759
- Çakır, A. (2022). The effect of educational games developed for the third grade science course five sense unit on the academic success of students (Publication No. 770891) [Master’s thesis, Amasya University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Dolunay, A., & Karamustafaoğlu, O. (2021). Opinions of science teachers about educational games: “The fastest sound” game”. International Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences, 2021(16), 48-69. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/goputeb/issue/62038/872860
- Durdut, A. (2016). Improving an educational computer game in mathematics for vocational school students and the effects of success (Publication No. 456152) [Master’s thesis, Balıkesir University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Fang, W. T., Hassan, A. A., & LePage, B. A. (2022). The living environmental education: Sound science toward a cleaner, safer, and healthier future. Springer.
- Fırat, S. (2011). The effects of mathematics teaching performed through educational computer games on conceptual learning (Publication No. 301095) [Doctoral dissertation, Adıyaman University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Fidan Yazgan, P. (2023). Comparison of the objectives in the national science curriculum and optional environmental education programs in the context of environmental literacy (Publication No. 783659) [Master’s thesis, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Freitas, S., & Oliver, M. (2006). How can exploratory learning with games and simulations within the curriculum be most effectively evaluated?. Computers & Education, 46(3), 249-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2005.11.007
- Gee, J. P. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy?. Computers in Entertainment, 1(1), 1-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/950566.950595
- Herodotou, C. (2018). Mobile games and science learning: A comparative study of 4 and 5 years old playing the game Angry Birds. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49(1), 6-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12546
- Jacobson, S. K., McDuff, M. D., & Monroe, M. C. (2006). Conservation education and outreach techniques (Techniques in ecology and conservation). Oxford University Press.
- Karamustafaoğlu, O., & Baran, S. (2020). Teachers’ views about science teaching with ‘Force capturing’ the educational game. Fen Bilimleri Öğretimi Dergisi, 8(1), 76-91. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fbod/issue/71986/1158007
- Karamustafaoğlu, O., & Kılıç, M. F. (2020). Investigation of national scientific studies about educational games. Atatürk University Journal of Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty, (40), 1-25. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunikkefd/issue/55385/730393
- Kefeli, N., Taş, E. & Yalçın, M. (2018). The effect of teaching science with word games on the attitudes of students towards environment. International e-Journal of Educational Studies, 2(3), 44-52. https://doi.org/10.31458/iejes.388619
- Keleş, E., Fiş Erümit, S., Özkale, A., & Aksoy, N. (2016). A roadmap for instructional designers: A comparison of instructional design models. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 49(1), 105-139. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000001377
- Kılıç, M., & Karamustafaoğlu, O. (2020). Teachers’ view on blood catching educational game. Journal of Science Mathematics Entrepreneurship and Technology Education, 3(3),144-158. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fmgted/issue/60204/838898
- Kırmızıyüz, E., Ercan, D., & Uz Bilgin, Ç. (2021). Designing, developing and implementing an educational mobile game on electrical energy conversion and recycling. Yıldız Journal of Educational Research, 6(1), 48-60. https://doi.org/10.51280/yjer.2021.013
- Kirriemuir, J., & McFarlane, A. (2003, January). Use of computer and video games in the classroom [Conference Paper] Proceedings of DiGRA 2003 Conference: Level Up, Utrecth, Holland. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221217309_Use_of_Computer_and_Video_Games_in_the_Classroom
- Kocadere, S. A., Özhan, Ş. Ç., Bayrak, F. & Kibar P.N. (2019). Story of Hercules: An educational game development model proposal. Educational Technology Theory and Practice, 9(1), 230-250. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.451990
- Korkmaz, S. (2018). Development and effectiveness of educational games in science teaching as supplementary material on students' achievement and attitude towards science (Publication No. 502718) [Master’s thesis, Bartın University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Külegel, S. (2020). A research to improve the 21st century skills of gifted and talented students of environmental education-based science, technology, engineering, mathematics activities (Publication No. 640643) [Master’s thesis, Yıldız Teknik University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Lee, K. M., Jeong, E. J., Park, N., & Ryu, S. (2011). Effects of interactivity in educational games: A mediating role of social presence on learning outcomes. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 27(7), 620-633. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2011.555302
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage.
- Ministry of Education (MoNE) (2018). İlköğretim kurumları (ilkokullar ve ortaokullar) fen bilimleri dersi (3,4,5,6,7 ve 8. sınıflar) öğretim programı. https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/201812312311937-FEN%20B%C4%B0L%C4%B0MLER%C4%B0%20%C3%96%C4%9ERET%C4%B0M%20PROGRAMI2018.pdf
- Mutlu Karanfil, B. (2022). Investigation of the effect of portfolio-based environmental education with family participation on environmental awareness of 5th grade students (Publication No. 708253) [Master’s thesis, Trakya University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Önen, F., Demir, S., & Şahin, F. (2012). Science teacher candidates’ views about games and evaluating prepared games by them. Ahi Evran University Journal of Kırşehir Education Faculty, 13(3), 299-318. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kefad/issue/59486/854950
- Özen, G., Timurkaan Akçınar, S., Güllü, M., Meriç, F., Uğraş, S., & Çelik Çoban, D., (2019). Spor liseleri 12. sınıf eğitsel oyunlar ders kitabı. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
- Özgürler, S. (2014). Investigation of environmental literacy level and ecological footsprint of teacher candidates (Publication No. 380580) [Master’s thesis, Amasya University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Özkan, G., Akça, E., & Umdu Topsakal, Ü., (2020). The effect of game-based teaching on students’ attitudes towards the science course and views. The Journal of International Social Research, 13(70), 794-800. http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2020.4135
- Serdaroğlu, C., & Güneş, M. H. (2019). Effects on academic achievement and attitude of game based learning in teaching of reproduction, growth and development unit in 6th grade plant and animal. Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 13(2), 1015-1041. https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.570616
- Şahin, S., Ünlü, E., & Ünlü, S. (2016). Investigation of teacher candidates’ environmental literacy awareness level. Education Sciences, 11(2), 82-95. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/nwsaedu/issue/19844/212575
- Seçkin Kapucu, M., & Çağlak, S. (2018). Pre-service science teachers’ skills and experience on designing educational games: A case study. Adıyaman University Journal of Social Sciences, (29), 536-573. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.364051
- Şentürk, C. (2020). The effects of game-based science learning experiences on academic achievement, retention, attitudes and learning process. The Journal of National Education, 49(227), 159-194. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/milliegitim/issue/56322/616595
- Şimşek, A. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Anadolu Üniversitesi.
- Teksöz, G., Şahin, E., & Ertepınar, H. (2010), Environmental literacy, pre-service teachers and a sustainable future. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 39, 307-320. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hunefd/issue/7799/102184
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek H. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin.
- Yıldırım, M., & Can, S. (2017). “Deal or no deal”: Should science lesson be taught with instructional games?. Atatürk University Journal of Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty, 35,14-30. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunikkefd/issue/33367/336640
- Yıldız, E., Şimşek, Ü., & Araz, H. (2016). The effect of the educational game method on academic achievement and motivation towards science learning in teaching of circulatory system. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 13(36) 20-32. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mkusbed/issue/44301/547052
Fen Eğitiminde Planlama, Uygulama, Değerlendirme Modeline Uygun Oyun Tasarımlarının İncelenmesi
Year 2024,
Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 219 - 247, 27.12.2024
Sibel Yumak
,
Kübra Öçsoy
,
Saliha Öztürk
,
Elif Benzer
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, fen bilgisi öğretmen adayları tarafından PIE (Planla, Uygula, Değerlendir) modeline göre tasarlanan oyunları; genel özellikleri, niteliği, PIE modeline uygunluğu ve çevre okuryazarlığı bileşenleri açısından incelemektir. Bu amaçla 3. Sınıfta öğrenim gören ve Fen, Sürdürülebilirlik ve Çevre (FSÇ) seçmeli dersini alan fen bilimleri öğretmen adayları araştırmaya katılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarından Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı 2018 Fen Bilimleri Öğretim Programındaki çevre konulu kazanımlar ele alınarak PIE modeline göre oyun tasarımı yapmaları istenmiştir. Tasarımlar üç araştırmacı tarafından birbirinden bağımsız olacak şekilde değerlendirilmiş ve Miles ve Huberman’in (1994) sunduğu uyuşum formülü ile güvenirliğine bakılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda oyunların çoğunlukla kart oyunu türü olduğu ve özgün tasarım oldukları görülmüştür. Oyunların nitelik bakımında yeterli ve PIE modelinin çerçevesine uygun tasarımlar olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının oyunlarında çevre okuryazarlık bileşenlerinden en çok farkındalık ardından da bilgi bileşenlerine yer verdikleri tespit edilmiştir.
References
- Akcanca, N., & Sömen, T. (2018). Prospective teachers’ educational game designing and applications. Electronic Turkish Studies, 13(27), 49-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.14506
- Akgül, G., & Kılıç, M. (2020). Preservice science teachers’ views on educational digital games and KODU implementations. Fen Bilimleri Öğretimi Dergisi, 8(2),101-120. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fbod/issue/71992/1158003
- Alınmaz, N. (2023). Investigation of pre-school teachers’ competencies on environmental literacy (Publication No. 774963) [Master’s thesis, Kastamonu University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Altınöz, N. (2010). Environmental literacy levels of prospective science teachers (Publication No. 274704) [Master’s thesis, Sakarya University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Andrews, D. H., & Goodson, L. A. (1980). A comparative analysis of models of instructional design. Journal of Instructional Development, 3(4), 2-16. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02904348
- Aymen Peker, E. (2018). Evaluation of teaching the unit of titled ‘Let’s travel and learn about the living world’ for 5th grades with classic educational games and educational games supported with technology (Publication No. 492301) [Doctoral dissertation, Ondokuz Mayıs University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Beker Baş, M., & Karamustafaoğlu, O. (2020). An educational game on central and peripheral nervous system. Gazi Journal of Educational Science, 6(1), 80-92. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gebd/issue/53429/643014
- Benzer, E. (2010). The effect of environmental education lesson prepared with project-based learning approach on pre-service science teachers’ environmental literacy (Publication No. 279892) [Doctoral dissertation, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Bilim, İ. (2012). Sustainable environment perspective faculty of education students’ levels of environmental literacy (Publication No. 330235) [Master’s thesis, Afyon Kocatepe University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Cop, M. R., & Kablan, Z. (2018). The analysis of studies on educational games in Turkey. Kocaeli University Journal of Education, 1(1), 52-71. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kuje/issue/37623/422759
- Çakır, A. (2022). The effect of educational games developed for the third grade science course five sense unit on the academic success of students (Publication No. 770891) [Master’s thesis, Amasya University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Dolunay, A., & Karamustafaoğlu, O. (2021). Opinions of science teachers about educational games: “The fastest sound” game”. International Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences, 2021(16), 48-69. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/goputeb/issue/62038/872860
- Durdut, A. (2016). Improving an educational computer game in mathematics for vocational school students and the effects of success (Publication No. 456152) [Master’s thesis, Balıkesir University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Fang, W. T., Hassan, A. A., & LePage, B. A. (2022). The living environmental education: Sound science toward a cleaner, safer, and healthier future. Springer.
- Fırat, S. (2011). The effects of mathematics teaching performed through educational computer games on conceptual learning (Publication No. 301095) [Doctoral dissertation, Adıyaman University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Fidan Yazgan, P. (2023). Comparison of the objectives in the national science curriculum and optional environmental education programs in the context of environmental literacy (Publication No. 783659) [Master’s thesis, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Freitas, S., & Oliver, M. (2006). How can exploratory learning with games and simulations within the curriculum be most effectively evaluated?. Computers & Education, 46(3), 249-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2005.11.007
- Gee, J. P. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy?. Computers in Entertainment, 1(1), 1-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/950566.950595
- Herodotou, C. (2018). Mobile games and science learning: A comparative study of 4 and 5 years old playing the game Angry Birds. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49(1), 6-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12546
- Jacobson, S. K., McDuff, M. D., & Monroe, M. C. (2006). Conservation education and outreach techniques (Techniques in ecology and conservation). Oxford University Press.
- Karamustafaoğlu, O., & Baran, S. (2020). Teachers’ views about science teaching with ‘Force capturing’ the educational game. Fen Bilimleri Öğretimi Dergisi, 8(1), 76-91. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fbod/issue/71986/1158007
- Karamustafaoğlu, O., & Kılıç, M. F. (2020). Investigation of national scientific studies about educational games. Atatürk University Journal of Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty, (40), 1-25. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunikkefd/issue/55385/730393
- Kefeli, N., Taş, E. & Yalçın, M. (2018). The effect of teaching science with word games on the attitudes of students towards environment. International e-Journal of Educational Studies, 2(3), 44-52. https://doi.org/10.31458/iejes.388619
- Keleş, E., Fiş Erümit, S., Özkale, A., & Aksoy, N. (2016). A roadmap for instructional designers: A comparison of instructional design models. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 49(1), 105-139. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000001377
- Kılıç, M., & Karamustafaoğlu, O. (2020). Teachers’ view on blood catching educational game. Journal of Science Mathematics Entrepreneurship and Technology Education, 3(3),144-158. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fmgted/issue/60204/838898
- Kırmızıyüz, E., Ercan, D., & Uz Bilgin, Ç. (2021). Designing, developing and implementing an educational mobile game on electrical energy conversion and recycling. Yıldız Journal of Educational Research, 6(1), 48-60. https://doi.org/10.51280/yjer.2021.013
- Kirriemuir, J., & McFarlane, A. (2003, January). Use of computer and video games in the classroom [Conference Paper] Proceedings of DiGRA 2003 Conference: Level Up, Utrecth, Holland. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221217309_Use_of_Computer_and_Video_Games_in_the_Classroom
- Kocadere, S. A., Özhan, Ş. Ç., Bayrak, F. & Kibar P.N. (2019). Story of Hercules: An educational game development model proposal. Educational Technology Theory and Practice, 9(1), 230-250. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.451990
- Korkmaz, S. (2018). Development and effectiveness of educational games in science teaching as supplementary material on students' achievement and attitude towards science (Publication No. 502718) [Master’s thesis, Bartın University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Külegel, S. (2020). A research to improve the 21st century skills of gifted and talented students of environmental education-based science, technology, engineering, mathematics activities (Publication No. 640643) [Master’s thesis, Yıldız Teknik University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Lee, K. M., Jeong, E. J., Park, N., & Ryu, S. (2011). Effects of interactivity in educational games: A mediating role of social presence on learning outcomes. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 27(7), 620-633. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2011.555302
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage.
- Ministry of Education (MoNE) (2018). İlköğretim kurumları (ilkokullar ve ortaokullar) fen bilimleri dersi (3,4,5,6,7 ve 8. sınıflar) öğretim programı. https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/201812312311937-FEN%20B%C4%B0L%C4%B0MLER%C4%B0%20%C3%96%C4%9ERET%C4%B0M%20PROGRAMI2018.pdf
- Mutlu Karanfil, B. (2022). Investigation of the effect of portfolio-based environmental education with family participation on environmental awareness of 5th grade students (Publication No. 708253) [Master’s thesis, Trakya University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Önen, F., Demir, S., & Şahin, F. (2012). Science teacher candidates’ views about games and evaluating prepared games by them. Ahi Evran University Journal of Kırşehir Education Faculty, 13(3), 299-318. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kefad/issue/59486/854950
- Özen, G., Timurkaan Akçınar, S., Güllü, M., Meriç, F., Uğraş, S., & Çelik Çoban, D., (2019). Spor liseleri 12. sınıf eğitsel oyunlar ders kitabı. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
- Özgürler, S. (2014). Investigation of environmental literacy level and ecological footsprint of teacher candidates (Publication No. 380580) [Master’s thesis, Amasya University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
- Özkan, G., Akça, E., & Umdu Topsakal, Ü., (2020). The effect of game-based teaching on students’ attitudes towards the science course and views. The Journal of International Social Research, 13(70), 794-800. http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2020.4135
- Serdaroğlu, C., & Güneş, M. H. (2019). Effects on academic achievement and attitude of game based learning in teaching of reproduction, growth and development unit in 6th grade plant and animal. Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 13(2), 1015-1041. https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.570616
- Şahin, S., Ünlü, E., & Ünlü, S. (2016). Investigation of teacher candidates’ environmental literacy awareness level. Education Sciences, 11(2), 82-95. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/nwsaedu/issue/19844/212575
- Seçkin Kapucu, M., & Çağlak, S. (2018). Pre-service science teachers’ skills and experience on designing educational games: A case study. Adıyaman University Journal of Social Sciences, (29), 536-573. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.364051
- Şentürk, C. (2020). The effects of game-based science learning experiences on academic achievement, retention, attitudes and learning process. The Journal of National Education, 49(227), 159-194. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/milliegitim/issue/56322/616595
- Şimşek, A. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Anadolu Üniversitesi.
- Teksöz, G., Şahin, E., & Ertepınar, H. (2010), Environmental literacy, pre-service teachers and a sustainable future. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 39, 307-320. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hunefd/issue/7799/102184
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek H. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin.
- Yıldırım, M., & Can, S. (2017). “Deal or no deal”: Should science lesson be taught with instructional games?. Atatürk University Journal of Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty, 35,14-30. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunikkefd/issue/33367/336640
- Yıldız, E., Şimşek, Ü., & Araz, H. (2016). The effect of the educational game method on academic achievement and motivation towards science learning in teaching of circulatory system. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 13(36) 20-32. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mkusbed/issue/44301/547052