Mülteci Kamplarına Görevlendirilen Sağlık Çalışanlarında Savaşın Arka Plan Psikolojik Etkileri

Year 2023, , 586 - 596, 28.09.2023

İsmet Çelebi , Selma Durmuş Sarıkahya

https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1263058

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırma mülteci kamplarına görevlendirilen sağlık çalışanlarının tükenmişlik, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri gibi ruhsal durumları ve bunlarla ilişkili faktörleri değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel olarak tasarlanan bu araştırmanın evrenini bir ilde mülteci kamplarında geçici olarak görevlendirilen sağlık çalışanları oluşturmuştur. Araştırmaya toplam 234 sağlık çalışanı katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Sosyo-demografik Bilgi Formu”, “DAS-21 Ölçeği”, “Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %64.5’i 31 yaşından küçük, %50.0’ı Paramedik, %31.2’si sınır ötesine geçmiş ve %54.7’si gönüllü olarak kamplarda görevlendirilmiştir. Ulusal Medikal Kurtarma Ekibi olarak görevlendirilen katılımcıların Duygusal Tükenme, Duyarsızlaşma ve Kişisel Başarı puan ortalaması ambulans servisi çalışanı olarak görevlendirilenlere göre yüksek ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ulusal Medikal Kurtarma Ekibi çalışanlarında ve sınır ötesi göreve gidenlerde depresyon oranı istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Bu araştırma ile sınır ötesi göreve gidenlerde depresyon oranının, gönüllü görevlendirilenlerde duygusal tükenmenin daha fazla olduğu, kadınlarda duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve anksiyetenin daha fazla olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Background Psychological Effects of War on Healthcare Employees Assigned to Refugee Camps

Abstract

Objective: This study has been carried out to evaluate the burnout, depression, anxiety and stress levels of healthcare employees temporarily assigned to refugee camps and factors related hereto. Materials and Methods: The population of this descriptive-cross-sectional study consisted of healthcare employees assigned to work temporarily in refugee camps in a certain province. A socio-demographic information form, the DAS-21 scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used in this study as data collection tools. Results: A percentage of 64.5% of the participants was younger than 31 years old, 50.0% was employed as a paramedic, 31.2% had crossed the border and 54.7% was assigned to camps on a voluntary basis. It was determined that the Emotional Exhaustion, Desensitation and Personal Achievement score average of the participants assigned to National Medical Rescue Teams was statistically significant compared to those assigned to ambulance services. The rate of depression was found to be statistically higher in National Medical Rescue Team employees and those who had gone on cross-border missions (p<0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of this study, it was concluded that the rate of depression is higher in those who went on a cross-border mission, that emotional exhaustion was higher in those who had been assigned on a voluntary basis and that emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and anxiety levels were higher in women.

Keywords

Burnout, Healthcare employees, Mental health, Refugee camp

References

• Alan, M., Demir, Demir, Ö. (2022). The Effect of Covid 19 Fear On 112 Employees' Stress, Depression And Anxiety Levels: Malatya 112 Example. Master Thesis, Fırat University, Health Sciences Institute, Diyarbakir University.
• Alqahtani, A.M., Awadalla, N.J.I., Alsaleem, S.A., Alsamghan, A.S., Alsaleem, M.A. (2019). Burnout Syndrome among Emergency Physicians and Nurses in Abha and Khamis Mushait Cities, Aseer Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. The Scientific World Journal, 1-14.
• Apostolidou, Z. (2016). The notion of professional identity among practitioners working with asylum seekers. A discursive analysis of practitioners’ experience of clinical supervision and working context in work with asylum seekers. European Journal of Psychotherapy andCounselling, 18(1), 4– 18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642537.2015.1130073
• Barutcu, E. & Serinkan, C. (2008). Burnout syndrome as one of the important problems of today and research conducted in Denizli. Ege Academic Review, 8(2),541-561.
• Ben-Ezra, M., Palgi, Y., Shrira, A., Hamama-Raz, Y. (2013). Somatization and psychiatric symptoms among hospital nurses exposed to war stressors. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 50, 182– 187.
• Berger, W., Figueira, I., Maurat, A. M., Bucassio, E. P., Vieira, I., Jardim, S. R., Mendlowicz, M. V. (2007). Partial and full PTSD in Brazilian ambulance workers: prevalence and impact on health and on quality of life. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 20(4), 637-642.
• Choi, G.Y.(2011). Secondary traumatic stress of service providers who practice with survivors of family or sexual violence: a national survey of social workers. Smith Coll Stud Soc Work, 81,101-119. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00377317.2011.543044.
• Çam, O. (1991). Research on Burnout Syndrome in Nurses. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Ege University, Health Sciences Institute Nursing Program, İzmir.
• Çelebi, İ. (2016). The condıtıon of beıng exposed to vıolence of medıcal staffs workıng ın 122 emergency medıcal servıce statıons ın çanakkale and ıts ımpact on burnout syndrome. Journal of Prehospital, 1(2), 1-13.
• Demirbilek, Ö., & Uzman, E. (2021). Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction and Burnout among 112 Emergency Health Workers - The Case of Province of Kayseri. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences 10(1), 56-69.
• Erkaya, H. (2003) 155 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Emergency Rescue Teams. Specialization Thesis. Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir
• Figley, C.R.(2002). Compassion fatigue: psychotherapists’ chronic lack of self care. J Clin Psychol. 58, 1433-1441.
• Jahnke, S.A, Poston, W.S.C., Haddock, C.K., & Murphy, B. (2016). Firefighting and mental health: Experiences of repeated exposure to trauma. Work (Reading, Mass.) 53(4), 737–744. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-162255.
• Jitnarin, N., Jahnke, S.A., Poston, W.S., Haddock, C.K, Kaipust, C.M. (2022). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mental health comorbidity in firefighters. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 1-22.
• Jones, C. & Williamson, A. E. (2014). Volunteers working to support migrants in Glasgow: A qualitative study. International Journal of Migration, Health, and Social Care, 10(4), 193– 206. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMHSC-10-2013-0034
• Jonsson, A., Segesten, K., & Mattsson, B. (2003). Post-traumatic stress among Swedish ambulance personnel. Emergency medicine journal, 20(1), 79-84.
• Kahil, A.(2016). Investigation of secondary traumatic stress levels of professionals and volunteers who help individuals with traumatic experiences. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
• Karadağ, Ö., Altıntaş, K.H. (2010). Refugees and Health. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 9(1), 55-62.
• Karter, M.J.,& Molis, J.L. (2013). US firefighter injuries-2012. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association. Fire Analysis And Research Division.
• Kördeve, M.K.(2017). Access to health servıces of syrıan refugees: a fıeld research. Sağlık Yönetimi Dergisi, 1(2),1-12.
• Küçükkendirci, H.,& Batı, S.(2020). Evaluation of The View on Refugees and Asylum-Seekers by Healthcare Profesionals in Konya. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2(2), 28-39.
• Kütükçü, E., & Kocataş, S. (2019). The Relationship Between Burnout Levels and Smoking Status of Nurses Working in a State Hospital. Journal of Public Health Nursing, 1(3), 84-102.
• Lee, J.Y., Kim, S.Y., Bae, K.Y, Kim, J.M., Shin, I.S., Yoon, J.S.,& Kim, S.W. The association of gratitude with perceived stress and burnout among male firefighters in Korea. Personality and Individual Differences, (123), 205-20.
• Lovibond, S.H. Lovibond, PF. (1995). Lovibond Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales (2nd ed.), Psychology Foundation, Sydney.
• Maslach, C., Wilmar, B.S., Leiter, M.P.(2001). Job burnout. Annual Reviews Psychology, 52(1), 397-422.
• Roberts, F., Teague, B., Lee, J., & Rushworth, I. (2021). The Prevalence of Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress in Professionals and Volunteers Working with Forcibly Displaced People: A Systematic Review and Two Meta‐Analyses. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 34(4), 773-785.
• Ministry of Health, General Directorate Of Emergency Health Services. UMKE. URL: https://ashgmafetacildb.saglik.gov.tr/TR-80255/ulusal-medikal-kurtarma-ekibi-birimi-umke.html (Accessed June 20, 2023).
• Psarros, C., Theleritis, C., Kokras, N., Lyrakos, D., Koborozos, A., Kakabakou, O., Bergiannaki, J. D. (2018). Personality characteristics and individual factors associated with PTSD in firefighters one month after extended wildfires. Nordic journal of psychiatry, 72(1), 17-23.
• Sağlam, A.G, Çına, B.E. (2008). The Concept of Burnout: Its Importance For Individuals and Organizations. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 15(1): 131-48.
• Saricam, H. (2018).The psychometric properties of Turkish version of depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21) in health control and clinical samples. Journal of Cognitive- Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 7(1), 19-30.
• Skeffıngton, PM, Rees, CS, Mazzucchellı, T.(2017). Trauma exposure and post‐traumatic stress disorder within fire and emergency services in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Psychology, 69(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12120.
• Stellman, JM, Smith, RP, Katz, CL, Sharma, V, Charney, DS, Herbert, R., Southwick, S.(2008). Enduring mental health morbidity and social function impairment in world trade center rescue, recovery, and cleanup workers: the psychological dimension of an environmental health disaster. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(9),1248-1253. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11164.
• Sterud, T., Hem, E., Ekeberg, Ø., Lau, B. (2007). Occupational stress and alcohol use: a study of two nationwide samples of operational police and ambulance, personnel in Norway. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 68(6), 896-904.
• Süloğlu, A. (2009). Burnout Syndrome in Doctors and Nurses Working in Dialysis Centers, TR Ministry of Health Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, Unpublished Specialization Thesis, Istanbul.
• Tümkaya, S., Çam, S., & Çavuşoğlu, I. (2009). Turkish Adaptation of the Burnout Snydrome Inventory Short Version. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(1), 387-398.
• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. https://www.unhcr.org/tr/turkiyedeki-multeciler-ve-siginmacilar [Accessed February 10, 2023].
• World Health Organization. Supporting Turkish mental health policy and service delivery https://www.who.int/about/accountability/results/who-results-report-2020-mtr/country-story/2020/supporting-turkish-mental-health-policy-and-service-delivery [Accessed February 10, 2023].
• Yakut, H. İ., Kapısız, S. G., Durutuna, S., Evran, A. (2013). Burnout in working life in the field of health. Journal of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Neonatology Medicine, 10(38), 1564-1571.
• Yeşil, A. (2010). Prevalence of mental trauma and related problems among health workers working in 112 emergency health services. Kocaeli University Institute of Health Sciences, Master’s thesis, Kocaeli.
• Yıldız, A., Çiçek, İ., Şanlı, M. E. (2018). The determinants of burnout in health care workers: examining the effects of smoking and alcohol use. Journal of Celal Bayar University Institute of Health Sciences, 5(3), 126-132.
• Zimmermann, M., Chong, A. K., Vechiu, C., & Papa, A. (2020). Modifiable risk and protective factors for anxiety disorders among adults: A systematic review. Psychiatry research, 285, 112705.