ERİTROPOETİN VE KARDİYOVASKÜLER SİSTEM

Year 2012, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 148 - 153, 31.12.2012

Aysel Güven Bağla Meltem İçkin

Abstract

Eritropoetin (EPO), sağlıklı bireylerde kemik iliğinde normal eritrosit üretimi için gerekli olan bir glikoprotein hormondur. Hipoksik koşullar altında eritropoezi indükler. Renal peritübüler hücrelerden ve karaciğer, dalak, akciğer, beyin, kemik iliği, üreme organları gibi farklı ekstrarenal dokulardan salınır. EPO ile reseptörünün (EPO-R) etkileşimi, eritroid progenitör hücrelerin programlanmış hücre ölümünü (apopitozis) azaltır ve bu hücrelerin kemik iliğinde farklılaşmasını teşvik eder. Klinik olarak, rHuEPO (rekombinant insan EPO) kronik böbrek yetmezliği sonucu gelişen EPO eksikliğine bağlı anemi tedavisinde 1980'lerin sonlarından beri kullanılmaktadır. EPO-R, eritroid progenitor hücrelerin yanı sıra, nöronlar, endotel hücreleri, vasküler düz kas hücreleri ve kalp kası hücreleri gibi çeşitli hücre gruplarında da eksprese edilir. EPO nun kalp, böbrekler, retina, karaciğer, akciğer, bağırsaklar ve beyinde hipoksi ve iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarına karşı sitoprotektif etkiye sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir. EPO’nun temel sitoprotektif etkisinin iskemik/hipoksik dokuda apopitozisi inhibe etmek olduğu öne sürülmüştür. Apopitozisin inhibisyonu yanı sıra, EPO doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak hücreleri koruyan pek çok farklı etki de göstermektedir. Bu nedenle EPO genel doku koruyucu bir sitokin olarak değerlendirilmelidir.

Keywords

Eritropoetin, kök hücre

ERYTHROPOIETIN AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Abstract

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone which is essential for normal erythrocyte production in bone marrow in healthy subjects. It induces erythropoiesis under hypoxic conditions. It is released from renal peritubular cells and various extrarenal tissues like liver, spleen, brain, lungs, bone marrow, reproductive organs. Interaction of EPO with its receptor (EPO-R) decreases programmed death (apoptosis) of erythroid progenitor cells and promotes their differentiation in bone marrow. Clinically, rHuEPO (recombinant human EPO) has been used since the late 1980s in patients with anaemia due to EPO deficiency as a consequence of chronic renal failure. In addition to erythroid progenitor cells, a varied group of cells including neurons, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and cardiac myocytes express EPO-R. It has been shown that Epo has cytoprotective properties against ischemia reperfusion damage and hypoxia in the brain, heart, kidneys, retina, liver, lungs, and intestines. It was suggested that inhibition of apoptosis in ischemic/hypoxic tissue is the major cytoprotective effect of EPO. In addition to inhibition of apoptosis, EPO exhibits many other actions that serve to protect cells either directly or indirectly. EPO should therefore be regarded also as a general tissueprotective cytokine.

Keywords

Erythropoietin, stem cell

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