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YONCA SİLAJINA MEŞE PALAMUDU KATILMASININ

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 118 - 131, 31.12.2017

Abstract




GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Bu araştırma, yonca (Medicago sativa L.) silajına meşe palamudu katılmasının silaj fermentasyonu ve aerobik stabilite üzerine etkisini belirlemek üzere planlanmıştır. Bu amaçla yonca silajına farklı oranlarda meşe palamudu (İran palamut meşesi, Quercus brantii lindley) katılmıştır.



YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalışmada, yonca silajına, kuru madde esasına göre % 5, 10 ve 20 düzeyinde meşe palamudu karıştırılmış, laboratuvar tipi kavanozlara sıkıştırılarak doldurulup ağzı hava almayacak şekilde kapatılmıştır. Araştırma için biri kontrol üçü deneme grubu olmak üzere toplam 4 grup oluşturulmuş ve her bir deneme grubu için toplam 48 kavanoza silaj hazırlanıp, oda sıcaklığında (20-28oC) muhafaza edilmiştir. Silaj yapıldıktan sonraki 4, 8, 12 ve 60. günlerde her guruptan 3’er kavanoz açılarak kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik analizler için örnek alınmıştır.



BULGULAR: Araştırmada taze yoncanın ham protein (HP) düzeyi % 17.59 iken, fermantasyonun 60. Gününde alınan örneklerde HP düzeyi kontrol ve deneme gruplarında sırasıyla % 16.33, 15.93, 14.96 ve 13.96 olarak tespit edilmiştir (P<0.001). Çalışmada taze materyalin pH değeri 6.85 düzeyinde iken, fermantasyonun 60. gününde kontrol ve deneme gruplarında sırasıyla 5.10, 5.23, 5.38 ve 5.60 olarak tespit edilmiş (P<0.05) ve yonca silajlarına meşe palamudu katılması pH değerlerini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Fermantasyon süresince laktik asit (LA) bakımından gruplar arasında farklılık görülmezken, fermantasyonun 4. gününden itibaren bütün gruplarda NH3-N değerlerinde doğrusal artışlar tespit edilmiştir (P<0.05). Yonca silajına meşe palamudu (MP) katılması maya düzeyi üzerine etki yapmazken (P>0.05), küf düzeyini azaltmıştır (P<0.05). Denemenin 60. gününde açılan silajlarda yapılan aerobik stabilite testinin başlamasından sonraki 66. saate kadar MP katılan guruplarda daha yüksek sıcaklık değerleri ölçülürken (P<0.001), 72. saatten sonra kontrol grubunda daha yüksek değerler tespit edilmiştir (P<0.001).



TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Silajlarda tespit edilen maya-küf düzeyleri ile oksijene karşı dayanıklılık testine göre yonca silajları bozulmaya karşı oldukça dayanıklı olduğu görülmüştür.


References

  • 1. Muck RE. Factors influencing silage quality and their implications for management. J. Dairy Sci. 1988; 71:11, 2992-3002.
  • 2. Deaville ER, Givens DI, Mueller-Harvey I. Chestnut and mimosa tannin silages: Effects in sheep differ for apparent digestibility, nitrogen utilisation and losses. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2010; 157, 129–138.
  • 3. Tabacco E, Borreani G, Crovetto GM, Galassi G, Colombo D, Cavallarin L. Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis, and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage, J. Dairy Sci. 2006; 89:4736–4746.
  • 4. Özer AE, Bul M. Meşe ve Meşe Ağaçlandırması. TEMA, Lebib Yalkın Yayımları ve Basım İşleri A.Ş. İstanbul. 1998.
  • 5. Sarıçiçek BZ, Kılıç Ü. Meşe palamutunun yem değerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir çalışma, Hayvansal Üretim. 2002; 43: (1), 32-44.
  • 6. Anonim. Is reintroducing acorns into the human diet a nutty idea.http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2010/12/recipes-for-the-mighty-acorn-a-forager-experiments/67228.
  • 7. Ergül M. Yemler Bilgisi ve Teknolojisi. E. Üniv. Zir. Fak. Yay.:487. E. Üniv. Basımevi, Bornova-İzmir. 1997; 318s.
  • 8. Kaya E, Kamalak A. Potential nutritive value and condensed tannin contents of acorns from different oak species. Kafkas Uni Vet Fak Derg. 2012; 18 (6): 1061-1066.
  • 9. AOAC. Official methods of analysis, association of official analytical chemists. Agricultural Chemicals; Contaminants; Drugs. Helrich K (Editors). 15th, 1990; 312-315.
  • 10. Vansoest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Method for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nostarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci. 1991; 74:3583-3597.
  • 11. Playne MJ, McDonald P. The buffering constituents of herbage and of silage, J. Science of Food and Agriculture, 2006; 17, (6) 264-268.
  • 12. Anonymus. The Analysis of Agricultural Material, Reference Book: 1986; 427-428, London, London.
  • 13. Silinkard K, Singleton VL. Total phenol analyses. Automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 1977
  • 14. Anonymus. “Yeasts, Molds and Mycotoxins’’. http://www.fda.gov/Food/Food Science Research / LaboratoryMethods/ucm071435.htm. 02.02.2014.
  • 15. Silinkard K, Singleton VL. Total phenol analyses. Automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 1977.
  • 16. Moreno M, Isla N, Sampietro AR, Vattone MA. Comparison of the free radical scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2000.
  • 17. Singh R, Singh S, Kumar S, Arora S. Free radical scavenging activity of acetone exract/fractions of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn., Food Chemistry. 2007.
  • 18. Acosta Aragon Y,Jatkauskas J, Vrotniakiene V. The Effect of a silage ınoculant on silage quality, aerobic stability, and meat production on farm scale, ISRN Veterinary Science, 2012; 1-6.
  • 19. Ozkan CO. Effect of species on chemical composition, metabolisable energy, organic matter digestibility and methane production of oak nuts. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2016; 44, 1, 234-237.
  • 20. Canbolat Ö, Kalkan H, Karaman Ş, Filya İ. Üzüm posasının yonca silajlarında karbonhidrat kaynağı olarak kullanılma olanakları, Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg., 2010; 16 (2): 269-276.
  • 21. Colombini S, Colombari G, Matteo Crovetto G, Galassi G, Rapetti L. Tannin treated lucerne silage in dairy cow feding. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 2009; 8 (Suppl. 2), 289-291.
  • 22. Filya I, Muck RE, Contreras-Govea FE, Inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: fermentation products and nutritive value, J. Dairy Sci. 2007; 90: 5108–5114.
  • 23. McAllister TA, Feniuk R, Mir Z, Mir P, Selinger LB, Cheng KJ. Inoculants for alfalfa silage: Effects on aerobic stability, digestibility and the growth performance of feedlot steers, Livestock Production Science 1998; 53, 171–181.
  • 24. Hristov AN, Sandev SG. Proteolysis and rumen degradability of protein in alfalfa preserved as silage, wilted silage or hay, Animal Feed Science Technology 1998; 72, 175–181.
  • 25. Kurtoglu V, Coşkun B. Effects of bacterial adding alfalfa silage on milk yield and milk composition of dairy cattle. Revue Méd. Vét.,2003, 154, 12, 755-762.
  • 26. Zhang T, Lei Li, Xiao-Fen Wang, Zhao-hai Zeng, Yue-gao Hu, Zong-jun Cui. Effects of Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus plantarum on fermentation, aerobic stability, bacteria diversity and ruminal degradability of alfalfa silage, World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009; 25:965–971.

THE EFFECT OF THE ACORN SUPPLEMENTATION ON ALFALFA SIAGE FERMENTATION

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 118 - 131, 31.12.2017

Abstract




INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of acorn at ensiling on silage fermentation and aerobic stability on alfalfa silage (Medicago sativa L.). For this purpose, alfalfa silage was supplemented with acorn (Iran oak acorns Quercus brantii lindley) at different rates.



METHODS: In the study, alfalfa silage was supplemented with 5, 10 and 20% acorn by dry matter basis; the alfalfas were ensiled in laboratory type jars and closed in airtight. For the study, one control and three experimental groups were formed and a total of 48 jars of silage prepared for each experimental group. Silages were preserved at room temperature (20-28°C).



RESULTS: Crude protein levels in samples were determined as control and experimental groups 16.33, 15.93, 14.96,13.96 %, respectively on the 60th day of fermentation, while the CP level was 17.59% in fresh alfalfa (P<0.001). In the experiment, pH values in samples were determined as control and experimental groups 5.10, 5.23, 5.38 and 5.60, respectively on the 60th day of fermentation, while the fresh alfalfas pH value was 6.85 (P<0.05). Negative effect of acorn supplementation on pH value of alfalfa silage was observed. The differences between the groups were not observed in terms of lactic acid (LA) during fermentation; however, the linear increase of NH3-N values in all groups were determined from the 4th day of fermentation (P<0.05). Acorn supplementation didn’t affect yeast levels (P>0.05) while reduced of mold levels of alfalfa silage (P<0.05). From start of aerobic stability test until the next 66 hours opened jar at day 60 of experiment, the higher temperature values were measured in acorn supplemented groups (P<0.001). In control group, high temperature values were observed after 72 hours.



DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: According to the levels of yeast-mold and aerobic stability in the silages, the alfalfa silages were found to be very resistant to deterioration.


References

  • 1. Muck RE. Factors influencing silage quality and their implications for management. J. Dairy Sci. 1988; 71:11, 2992-3002.
  • 2. Deaville ER, Givens DI, Mueller-Harvey I. Chestnut and mimosa tannin silages: Effects in sheep differ for apparent digestibility, nitrogen utilisation and losses. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2010; 157, 129–138.
  • 3. Tabacco E, Borreani G, Crovetto GM, Galassi G, Colombo D, Cavallarin L. Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis, and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage, J. Dairy Sci. 2006; 89:4736–4746.
  • 4. Özer AE, Bul M. Meşe ve Meşe Ağaçlandırması. TEMA, Lebib Yalkın Yayımları ve Basım İşleri A.Ş. İstanbul. 1998.
  • 5. Sarıçiçek BZ, Kılıç Ü. Meşe palamutunun yem değerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir çalışma, Hayvansal Üretim. 2002; 43: (1), 32-44.
  • 6. Anonim. Is reintroducing acorns into the human diet a nutty idea.http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2010/12/recipes-for-the-mighty-acorn-a-forager-experiments/67228.
  • 7. Ergül M. Yemler Bilgisi ve Teknolojisi. E. Üniv. Zir. Fak. Yay.:487. E. Üniv. Basımevi, Bornova-İzmir. 1997; 318s.
  • 8. Kaya E, Kamalak A. Potential nutritive value and condensed tannin contents of acorns from different oak species. Kafkas Uni Vet Fak Derg. 2012; 18 (6): 1061-1066.
  • 9. AOAC. Official methods of analysis, association of official analytical chemists. Agricultural Chemicals; Contaminants; Drugs. Helrich K (Editors). 15th, 1990; 312-315.
  • 10. Vansoest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Method for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nostarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci. 1991; 74:3583-3597.
  • 11. Playne MJ, McDonald P. The buffering constituents of herbage and of silage, J. Science of Food and Agriculture, 2006; 17, (6) 264-268.
  • 12. Anonymus. The Analysis of Agricultural Material, Reference Book: 1986; 427-428, London, London.
  • 13. Silinkard K, Singleton VL. Total phenol analyses. Automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 1977
  • 14. Anonymus. “Yeasts, Molds and Mycotoxins’’. http://www.fda.gov/Food/Food Science Research / LaboratoryMethods/ucm071435.htm. 02.02.2014.
  • 15. Silinkard K, Singleton VL. Total phenol analyses. Automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 1977.
  • 16. Moreno M, Isla N, Sampietro AR, Vattone MA. Comparison of the free radical scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2000.
  • 17. Singh R, Singh S, Kumar S, Arora S. Free radical scavenging activity of acetone exract/fractions of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn., Food Chemistry. 2007.
  • 18. Acosta Aragon Y,Jatkauskas J, Vrotniakiene V. The Effect of a silage ınoculant on silage quality, aerobic stability, and meat production on farm scale, ISRN Veterinary Science, 2012; 1-6.
  • 19. Ozkan CO. Effect of species on chemical composition, metabolisable energy, organic matter digestibility and methane production of oak nuts. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2016; 44, 1, 234-237.
  • 20. Canbolat Ö, Kalkan H, Karaman Ş, Filya İ. Üzüm posasının yonca silajlarında karbonhidrat kaynağı olarak kullanılma olanakları, Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg., 2010; 16 (2): 269-276.
  • 21. Colombini S, Colombari G, Matteo Crovetto G, Galassi G, Rapetti L. Tannin treated lucerne silage in dairy cow feding. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 2009; 8 (Suppl. 2), 289-291.
  • 22. Filya I, Muck RE, Contreras-Govea FE, Inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: fermentation products and nutritive value, J. Dairy Sci. 2007; 90: 5108–5114.
  • 23. McAllister TA, Feniuk R, Mir Z, Mir P, Selinger LB, Cheng KJ. Inoculants for alfalfa silage: Effects on aerobic stability, digestibility and the growth performance of feedlot steers, Livestock Production Science 1998; 53, 171–181.
  • 24. Hristov AN, Sandev SG. Proteolysis and rumen degradability of protein in alfalfa preserved as silage, wilted silage or hay, Animal Feed Science Technology 1998; 72, 175–181.
  • 25. Kurtoglu V, Coşkun B. Effects of bacterial adding alfalfa silage on milk yield and milk composition of dairy cattle. Revue Méd. Vét.,2003, 154, 12, 755-762.
  • 26. Zhang T, Lei Li, Xiao-Fen Wang, Zhao-hai Zeng, Yue-gao Hu, Zong-jun Cui. Effects of Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus plantarum on fermentation, aerobic stability, bacteria diversity and ruminal degradability of alfalfa silage, World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009; 25:965–971.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Ali Azman

Publication Date December 31, 2017
Submission Date July 12, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Azman, M. A. (2017). YONCA SİLAJINA MEŞE PALAMUDU KATILMASININ. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 118-131.

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