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Kronik Hastalıklarda Yara Bakımı

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 99 - 104, 31.08.2019

Abstract

Yara, herhangi bir hasar ya da
hücresel bozukluk sonucu doku bütünlüğünün bozulması durumudur. Kronik hastalıklarda belirli bir süre
içerisinde iyileşmeyen ve genellikle tekrarlayan kronik yaralar oluşur.
Diyabetik ayak, basınç yarası yaygın görülen kronik yaralardır ve yaşam
kalitesi üzerinde önemli etkiye sahip bir sağlık sorunudur. Kronik yaralar
hasta ve sağlık sistemi açısından önemli bir psikolojik, sosyal ve finansal yük
oluşturmaktadır. Yara bakımında öncelikle en önemli husus, yara oluşumuna neden
olan etkenleri belirleyip ortadan kaldırmaktır. Kronik yaraların önlenmesinde
ve tedavi edilmesinde hastayla en çok ilgilenen ve bakım, tedavisini uygulayan
hemşirelerin önemli bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Yara bakımı evreleme yöntemi ile
izlenmeli ve yaranın özelliklerine göre uygun pansuman ve yara bakımı malzemesi
kullanılmalıdır.

References

  • Referans1. Sönmez A. Kronik yaralarda risk faktörlerinin ortadan kaldırılması. Türk Aile Hek Dergisi. 2008;11(3):123-26.
  • Referans2. Çetinkaya ÖA, Tuğ T. Türkiye'de yara tedavisi organizasyonu. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Plastic Surgery Special Topics. 2015;4(1):27-30.
  • Referans3. Percival NJ. Classification of wounds and their management. Surgery (Oxford). 2002;20(5):114-17.
  • Referans4. Grey JE, Stuart E, Keith G. ABC of wound healing: Wound assessment. British Medical Journal, 2006;332(7536):285-88.
  • Referans5. Werdin F, Tennenhaus M, Schaller HE, Rennekampff HO. Evidence-based management strategies for treatment of chronic wounds. Eplasty. 2009;9.
  • Referans6. Sen CK, Gordillo GM, Roy S, Kirsner R, Lambert L, Hunt TK, et al. Human skin wounds: a major and snowballing threat to public health and the economy. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2009;17(6):763-71.
  • Referans7. Posnett J, Franks PJ. The burden of chronic wounds in the UK. Diabetic Med. 2008:14(5):7-85.
  • Referans8. Durna Z, Kronik Hastalıklar ve Bakım, 1.Baskı, s.37-39, İstanbul (2012).
  • Referans9. Karadağ A. Basınç Ülserleri: Değerlendirme, Önleme ve Tedavi. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi. 2003;7(2):41-6.
  • Referans10. Wurster J. What role can nurse leaders play in reducing the incidence of pressure sores? Nurs Econ. 2007;25(5):267-69.
  • Referans11. Topalan M, Aktaş Ş. Güncel Yönleriyle Kronik Yara. 1.Baskı, s.1-27, Ankara (2010).
  • Referans12. Velnar T, Bailey T, Smrkolj V. The wound healing process: an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Int Med Res. 2009;37(5):1528-542.
  • Referans13. Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2018;(138):271-81.
  • Referans14. Satman İ, Ömer B, Tütüncü Y, Kalaca S, Gedik S, Dinccag N, et al. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. European journal of epidemiology. 2013; 28(2):169-80.
  • Referans15. Apelqvist J. Diagnostics and treatment of the diabetic foot. Endocrine. 2012;41:384-97.
  • Referans16. Jeffcoate WJ, Harding KG., Diabetic foot ulcers. The lancet, 2003;361(9368):1545-551.
  • Referans17. Oyibo SO, Jude EB, Tarawneh I, Nguyen HC, Harkless LB, Boulton AJ. A comparison of two diabetic foot ulcer classification systems. Diabetes care. 2001; 24(1):84-8.
  • Referans18. Tote D, Jajoo S, Tote S. Role of early debridement in non-healing ulcer. International Surgery Journal. 2017;4(12):3976-979.
  • Referans19. Wu SC, Driver VR, Wrobel JS, Armstrong DG. Foot ulcers in the diabetic patient, prevention and treatment. Vascular health and risk management. 2007;3(1):65.
  • Referans20. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Wu S, Boulton AJ. Evaluation of removable and irremovable cast walkers in the healing of diabetic foot wounds: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(3):551-54.
  • Referans21. Hobbs SD, Bradbury AW. Smoking cessation strategies in patients with peripheral arterial disease: an evidence-based approach. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery. 2003;26(4):341-47.
  • Referans22. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2006. Diabetes Care. 2006;29 Suppl 1:S4–42.
  • Referans23. European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. ''Basınç Ülserlerinin Önlenmesi Hızlı Başvuru Klavuzu 2009'' Erişim yeri: http://www.epuap.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/qrg_prevention_in_turkish.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2018).
  • Referans24. Qaddumi J, Khawaldeh A. Pressure ulcer prevention knowledge among Jordanian nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing. 2014;13(1):6.
  • Referans25. Öztürk A, Gürlek A, Arslan A, Fırat C, Fariz A. Bası yaralı vakalardaki on yıllık klinik deneyimlerimiz. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2006;13(4):243-48
  • Referans26. Hulsenboom MA, Bours GJJW, Halfens RJ. Knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention:a cross-sectional and comparative study among nurses. BMC Nursing. 2007;6(1):2.
  • Referans27. Hug E, Ünalan H, Karamehmetoğlu SS, Tüzün S, Gürgöze M, Tüzün F. Bir eğitim hastanesinde bası yarası prevelansı ve bası yarası gelişiminde etkili risk faktörleri. Türkiye Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. Aralık. 2001.
  • Referans28. Mollaoğlu M. Nöroloji Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Yatan İnmeli Hastalarda Basınç Ülserleri. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2007;11(1):19-27.
  • Referans29. Akdemir N, Bostanoğlu H, Yurtsever S, Kutlutürkan S, Kapucu S, Özer ZC. Yatağa bağımlı hastaların evde yaşadıkları sağlık sorunlarına yönelik evde bakım hizmet gereksinimleri. Dicle Tıp Dergisi. 2011; 38(1):57.
  • Referans30. Tosun ZK, Bölüktaş RP. Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerindeki Yaşlı Hastalarda Bası Yarası Prevalansı ve Etkileyen Faktörler. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2015;19(2):43-53.
  • Referans31. Gül YG, Köprülü AŞ, Haspolat A, Uzman S, Toptaş M, Kurtuluş İ. Braden Risk Değerlendirme Skalası Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Tedavi Gören 3. Düzey Hastalarda Basınç Ülseri Oluşumu Riskini Değerlendirmekte Güvenilir ve Yeterli mi?. Journal of Academic Research in Medicine. 2016;6(2).98-104.
  • Referans32. Çelik S, Dirimeşe E, Taşdemir N, Aşık Ş, Demircan S, Eyican S, ve ark. Hemşirelerin Bası Yarasını Önleme ve Yönetme Bilgisi. Medical Journal of Bakirkoy. 2017;13(3).133-39.
  • Referans33. Kıraner E, Terzi B, Ekinci AU, Tunalı B. Yoğun Bakım Ünitemizdeki Basınç Yarası İnsidansı ve Risk Faktörlerinin Belirlenmesi. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2016;20(2):78-83.
  • Referans34. Robson MC, Barbul A. Guidelines for the best care of chronic wounds. Wound repair and regeneration. 2006;14(6):647-710.
  • Referans35. Thomas DR. Improving outcome of pressure ulcers with nutritional interventions: a review of the evidence. Nutrition. 2001;17(2):121-25.
  • Referans36. Reddy M, Gill SS, Rochon PA. Preventing pressure ulcers: a systematic review. Jama.2006;296(8):974-84.
  • Referans37. Cuddigan J, Frantz RA. Pressure ulcer research: pressure ulcer treatment: a monograph from the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 1998;11(6):294-301.
  • Referans38. Diehr S, Hamp A, Jamieson B. Do topical antibiotics improve wound healing? Clinical Inquiries. 2007;56(2):140-44.
  • Referans39. Sato T, Abe T, Ichioka S. Factors impairing cell proliferation in the granulation tissue of pressure ulcers: impact of bacterial burden. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2018.
  • Referans40. Autolytic debridement of a large, necrotic, fully occluded foot ulcer using a hydrocolloid dressing in a diabetic patient. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2013;26(7):300-4.
  • Referans41. Marineau ML, Herrington MT, Swenor KM, Eron LJ. Maggot debridement therapy in the treatment of complex diabetic wounds. Hawaii Med J. 2011;70(6):121.
  • Referans42. Manna B, Morrison CA. Wound, Debridement. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. 2018. Elektronik adresi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507882/ (Erişim tarihi:31 Ağustos 2018).
  • Referans43. DiPreta JA. Outpatient assessment and management of the diabetic foot. Medical Clinics. 2014;98(2):353-73.
  • Referans44. Vaneau M, Chaby G, Guillot B, et al. Consensus panel recommendations for chronic and acute wound dressings. Archives of dermatology. 2007;143(10):1291-294.
  • Referans45. Payne WG, Posnett J, Alvarez O, Brown-Etris M, Jameson G, Wolcott R, et al. A prospective, randomized clinical trial to assess the cost-effectiveness of a modern foam dressing versus a traditional saline gauze dressing in the treatment of stage II pressure ulcers. Ostomy/wound management. 2009;55(2):50.
  • Referans46. Koyutürk A, Soyaslan DD. Yara ve Yanık Tedavisinde Kullanılan Örtüler. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2016;1:58-65.
  • Referans47. Rayman G, Rayman A, Baker NR, Jurgeviciene N, Dargis V, Sulcaite R, et al. Sustained silver releasing dressing in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. British Journal of Nursing. 2005;14(2):109-14.
  • Referans48. Streubel PN, Stinner DJ, Obremskey WT. Use of negative-pressure wound therapy in orthopaedic trauma. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012;20(9):564–74.
  • Referans49. Londahl M, Katzman P, Nilsson A, Hammarlund C. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy facilitates healing of chronic foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(5):998–1003.
  • Referans50. Thakral G, Lafontaine J, Najafi B, Talal TK, Kim P, Lavery LA. Electrical stimulation to accelerate wound healing. Diabetic foot & ankle. 2013;4(1):22081.
  • Referans51. Wallenstein S, Brem H. Statistical analysis of wound-healing rates for pressure ulcers. The American journal of surgery. 2004;188(1):73-8.

Wound Care in Chronic Diseases

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 99 - 104, 31.08.2019

Abstract

The wound
is the condition of dissolution in tissue integrity as a result of any damage
or cellular impairment. In chronic diseases, chronic wounds, which usually do
not heal within a certain period of time and usually recur, occur. Such common
wounds as Diabetic foot and pressure ulcer are commonly seen and accepted as a
serious health problem with significant impact on quality of life. Chronic
wounds constitute an important psychological, social and financial burden for
the patient and the health system. The most important point in wound care is to
identify and eliminate the factors that cause wound formation. Nurses, who are
personnel caring for the patient and apply the treatment, have an important
role in the prevention and treatment of chronic wounds. Wound care should be
monitored by  the method of staging; and
appropriate medical dressing and wound care materials should be used according
to the characteristics of the wound.

References

  • Referans1. Sönmez A. Kronik yaralarda risk faktörlerinin ortadan kaldırılması. Türk Aile Hek Dergisi. 2008;11(3):123-26.
  • Referans2. Çetinkaya ÖA, Tuğ T. Türkiye'de yara tedavisi organizasyonu. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Plastic Surgery Special Topics. 2015;4(1):27-30.
  • Referans3. Percival NJ. Classification of wounds and their management. Surgery (Oxford). 2002;20(5):114-17.
  • Referans4. Grey JE, Stuart E, Keith G. ABC of wound healing: Wound assessment. British Medical Journal, 2006;332(7536):285-88.
  • Referans5. Werdin F, Tennenhaus M, Schaller HE, Rennekampff HO. Evidence-based management strategies for treatment of chronic wounds. Eplasty. 2009;9.
  • Referans6. Sen CK, Gordillo GM, Roy S, Kirsner R, Lambert L, Hunt TK, et al. Human skin wounds: a major and snowballing threat to public health and the economy. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2009;17(6):763-71.
  • Referans7. Posnett J, Franks PJ. The burden of chronic wounds in the UK. Diabetic Med. 2008:14(5):7-85.
  • Referans8. Durna Z, Kronik Hastalıklar ve Bakım, 1.Baskı, s.37-39, İstanbul (2012).
  • Referans9. Karadağ A. Basınç Ülserleri: Değerlendirme, Önleme ve Tedavi. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi. 2003;7(2):41-6.
  • Referans10. Wurster J. What role can nurse leaders play in reducing the incidence of pressure sores? Nurs Econ. 2007;25(5):267-69.
  • Referans11. Topalan M, Aktaş Ş. Güncel Yönleriyle Kronik Yara. 1.Baskı, s.1-27, Ankara (2010).
  • Referans12. Velnar T, Bailey T, Smrkolj V. The wound healing process: an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Int Med Res. 2009;37(5):1528-542.
  • Referans13. Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2018;(138):271-81.
  • Referans14. Satman İ, Ömer B, Tütüncü Y, Kalaca S, Gedik S, Dinccag N, et al. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. European journal of epidemiology. 2013; 28(2):169-80.
  • Referans15. Apelqvist J. Diagnostics and treatment of the diabetic foot. Endocrine. 2012;41:384-97.
  • Referans16. Jeffcoate WJ, Harding KG., Diabetic foot ulcers. The lancet, 2003;361(9368):1545-551.
  • Referans17. Oyibo SO, Jude EB, Tarawneh I, Nguyen HC, Harkless LB, Boulton AJ. A comparison of two diabetic foot ulcer classification systems. Diabetes care. 2001; 24(1):84-8.
  • Referans18. Tote D, Jajoo S, Tote S. Role of early debridement in non-healing ulcer. International Surgery Journal. 2017;4(12):3976-979.
  • Referans19. Wu SC, Driver VR, Wrobel JS, Armstrong DG. Foot ulcers in the diabetic patient, prevention and treatment. Vascular health and risk management. 2007;3(1):65.
  • Referans20. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Wu S, Boulton AJ. Evaluation of removable and irremovable cast walkers in the healing of diabetic foot wounds: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(3):551-54.
  • Referans21. Hobbs SD, Bradbury AW. Smoking cessation strategies in patients with peripheral arterial disease: an evidence-based approach. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery. 2003;26(4):341-47.
  • Referans22. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2006. Diabetes Care. 2006;29 Suppl 1:S4–42.
  • Referans23. European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. ''Basınç Ülserlerinin Önlenmesi Hızlı Başvuru Klavuzu 2009'' Erişim yeri: http://www.epuap.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/qrg_prevention_in_turkish.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2018).
  • Referans24. Qaddumi J, Khawaldeh A. Pressure ulcer prevention knowledge among Jordanian nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing. 2014;13(1):6.
  • Referans25. Öztürk A, Gürlek A, Arslan A, Fırat C, Fariz A. Bası yaralı vakalardaki on yıllık klinik deneyimlerimiz. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2006;13(4):243-48
  • Referans26. Hulsenboom MA, Bours GJJW, Halfens RJ. Knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention:a cross-sectional and comparative study among nurses. BMC Nursing. 2007;6(1):2.
  • Referans27. Hug E, Ünalan H, Karamehmetoğlu SS, Tüzün S, Gürgöze M, Tüzün F. Bir eğitim hastanesinde bası yarası prevelansı ve bası yarası gelişiminde etkili risk faktörleri. Türkiye Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. Aralık. 2001.
  • Referans28. Mollaoğlu M. Nöroloji Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Yatan İnmeli Hastalarda Basınç Ülserleri. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2007;11(1):19-27.
  • Referans29. Akdemir N, Bostanoğlu H, Yurtsever S, Kutlutürkan S, Kapucu S, Özer ZC. Yatağa bağımlı hastaların evde yaşadıkları sağlık sorunlarına yönelik evde bakım hizmet gereksinimleri. Dicle Tıp Dergisi. 2011; 38(1):57.
  • Referans30. Tosun ZK, Bölüktaş RP. Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerindeki Yaşlı Hastalarda Bası Yarası Prevalansı ve Etkileyen Faktörler. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2015;19(2):43-53.
  • Referans31. Gül YG, Köprülü AŞ, Haspolat A, Uzman S, Toptaş M, Kurtuluş İ. Braden Risk Değerlendirme Skalası Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Tedavi Gören 3. Düzey Hastalarda Basınç Ülseri Oluşumu Riskini Değerlendirmekte Güvenilir ve Yeterli mi?. Journal of Academic Research in Medicine. 2016;6(2).98-104.
  • Referans32. Çelik S, Dirimeşe E, Taşdemir N, Aşık Ş, Demircan S, Eyican S, ve ark. Hemşirelerin Bası Yarasını Önleme ve Yönetme Bilgisi. Medical Journal of Bakirkoy. 2017;13(3).133-39.
  • Referans33. Kıraner E, Terzi B, Ekinci AU, Tunalı B. Yoğun Bakım Ünitemizdeki Basınç Yarası İnsidansı ve Risk Faktörlerinin Belirlenmesi. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2016;20(2):78-83.
  • Referans34. Robson MC, Barbul A. Guidelines for the best care of chronic wounds. Wound repair and regeneration. 2006;14(6):647-710.
  • Referans35. Thomas DR. Improving outcome of pressure ulcers with nutritional interventions: a review of the evidence. Nutrition. 2001;17(2):121-25.
  • Referans36. Reddy M, Gill SS, Rochon PA. Preventing pressure ulcers: a systematic review. Jama.2006;296(8):974-84.
  • Referans37. Cuddigan J, Frantz RA. Pressure ulcer research: pressure ulcer treatment: a monograph from the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 1998;11(6):294-301.
  • Referans38. Diehr S, Hamp A, Jamieson B. Do topical antibiotics improve wound healing? Clinical Inquiries. 2007;56(2):140-44.
  • Referans39. Sato T, Abe T, Ichioka S. Factors impairing cell proliferation in the granulation tissue of pressure ulcers: impact of bacterial burden. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2018.
  • Referans40. Autolytic debridement of a large, necrotic, fully occluded foot ulcer using a hydrocolloid dressing in a diabetic patient. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2013;26(7):300-4.
  • Referans41. Marineau ML, Herrington MT, Swenor KM, Eron LJ. Maggot debridement therapy in the treatment of complex diabetic wounds. Hawaii Med J. 2011;70(6):121.
  • Referans42. Manna B, Morrison CA. Wound, Debridement. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. 2018. Elektronik adresi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507882/ (Erişim tarihi:31 Ağustos 2018).
  • Referans43. DiPreta JA. Outpatient assessment and management of the diabetic foot. Medical Clinics. 2014;98(2):353-73.
  • Referans44. Vaneau M, Chaby G, Guillot B, et al. Consensus panel recommendations for chronic and acute wound dressings. Archives of dermatology. 2007;143(10):1291-294.
  • Referans45. Payne WG, Posnett J, Alvarez O, Brown-Etris M, Jameson G, Wolcott R, et al. A prospective, randomized clinical trial to assess the cost-effectiveness of a modern foam dressing versus a traditional saline gauze dressing in the treatment of stage II pressure ulcers. Ostomy/wound management. 2009;55(2):50.
  • Referans46. Koyutürk A, Soyaslan DD. Yara ve Yanık Tedavisinde Kullanılan Örtüler. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2016;1:58-65.
  • Referans47. Rayman G, Rayman A, Baker NR, Jurgeviciene N, Dargis V, Sulcaite R, et al. Sustained silver releasing dressing in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. British Journal of Nursing. 2005;14(2):109-14.
  • Referans48. Streubel PN, Stinner DJ, Obremskey WT. Use of negative-pressure wound therapy in orthopaedic trauma. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012;20(9):564–74.
  • Referans49. Londahl M, Katzman P, Nilsson A, Hammarlund C. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy facilitates healing of chronic foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(5):998–1003.
  • Referans50. Thakral G, Lafontaine J, Najafi B, Talal TK, Kim P, Lavery LA. Electrical stimulation to accelerate wound healing. Diabetic foot & ankle. 2013;4(1):22081.
  • Referans51. Wallenstein S, Brem H. Statistical analysis of wound-healing rates for pressure ulcers. The American journal of surgery. 2004;188(1):73-8.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Sibel Karaca Sivrikaya 0000-0001-5271-7757

Günay Erdem This is me 0000-0002-8633-7565

Publication Date August 31, 2019
Submission Date January 4, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Karaca Sivrikaya, S., & Erdem, G. (2019). Kronik Hastalıklarda Yara Bakımı. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 99-104.

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