Prostat Kanserinde Bakır, Berilyum, Bor, Titanyum ve Vanadyum İyonlarının Prognostik Önemi Var mı?

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 235 - 241, 14.07.2022

Eren Altun Ümit Çalışır Baki Çiçek

https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.963520

Abstract

Amaç: Metal maruziyetin ile Prostatik adenokarsinom (PCa) ilişkilendiren birçok epidemiyolojik, klinik ve deneysel çalışma vardır. Bu çalışmada, benign prostat hiperplazisi (BPH) ile farklı histopatolojik grade de PCa ve bazı metal / ametal konsantrasyonları arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır.
Materyal ve Metod: Bu çalışmaya 71 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların parafin bloklarından alınan örnekler mikrodalga digestion işlemine tabi tutuldu ve örnekler İndüktif olarak eşleşmiş plazma kütle spektrometresi (ICP-MS) ile platin, talyum, kurşun, molibden, kadmiyum, selenyum77, selenium82, demir, potasyum, lityum, berilyum, bor, sodyum, magnezyum, fosfor, kalsiyum, titanyum, vanadyum, krom, manganez, kobalt, nikel, bakır, çinko, arsenik, stronsiyum, kalay ve antimony seviyeleri analiz edildi. Bulgular SPSS programı ile analiz edildi.
Bulgular: BPH ve malign hasta gruplarında prostat dokusundaki metal / ametal düzeyler incelendiğinde istatitksel olarak lityum (p = 0,006), berilyum (p = 0,02), bor (p = 0,001), sodyum ( p = 0.009), magnezyum (p = 0.001), fosfor (p = 0.001), kalsiyum (p = 0.001), titanyum (p = 0.004), vanadyum (p = 0.001), krom (p = 0.04), manganez (p = 0,02), kobalt (p = 0,003), nikel (p = 0,005), bakır (p = 0,019), çinko (p = 0,001), arsenik (p = 0,002), stronsiyum (p = 0,001), kalay (p = 0.002) ve antimon (p = 0.001) bulundu. BPH dokularında berilyum, bor, titanyum ve vanadyum konsantrasyonları en az beş kat daha yüksekti. Gleason prognostik derece gruplamasına göre doku metal / ametal seviyeleri karşılaştırıldığında, doku bakır seviyeleri ile derece arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon bulundu (p = 0.02).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, berilyum, bor, titanyum ve vanadyumun iyi huylu prostat hiperplazisinde beş kat veya daha fazla olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca Bakır konsantrasyonunun artmasıyla histolojik derecenin yükseldiğini göstermiştir. Metal konsantrasyonları PCa da prognoz açısından dikkate alınmalıdır.

Keywords

metal, ICP-MS, prostat kanseri, metal, ICP-MS, ametal

Supporting Institution

Balıkesir Üniversitesi

Project Number

2016/76

Is There A Prognostic Significance For Copper, Beryllium, Boron, Titanium and Vanadium Ions in Prostate Cancer?

Abstract

Aim: There are several epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies that relate heavy metal exposure to Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa). In this study, the relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and PCa, some metal/nonmetal concentrations at the level of the histopathological diagnosis was investigated.
Materials and Methods: Seventy-one patients were included in this study. The samples taken from the paraffin blocks of the patients were subjected to microwave digestion, and the samples were analyzed via Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the level of tissue concentrations of platinum, thallium, lead, molybdenum, cadmium, selenium77, selenium82, iron, potassium, lithium, beryllium, boron, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, strontium, tin, and antimony. The findings were analyzed with SPSS.
Results: When metal/nonmetal levels in prostate tissue were examined in BPH and malignant patient groups, a statistically significant difference was found in the levels of lithium (p=0.006), beryllium (p=0.02), boron (p=0.001), sodium (p=0.009), magnesium (p=0.001), phosphorus (p=0.001), calcium (p=0.001), titanium (p=0.004), vanadium (p=0.001), chromium (p=0.04), manganese (p=0.02), cobalt (p=0.003), nickel (p=0.005), copper (p=0.019), zinc (p=0.001), arsenic (p=0.002),strontium (p=0.001), tin (p=0.002) and antimony (p=0.001). Beryllium, boron, titanium and vanadium concentrations were at least five times higher in BPH tissues. When tissue metal/nonmetal levels were compared according to the new Gleason prognostic grade grouping, a significant positive correlation was found between tissue copper levels and grade (p = 0.02).
Conclusion: This study showed that beryllium, boron, titanium, and vanadium are five times or more in benign prostatic hyperplasia. It also showed that the histological grade increased with increasing copper concentration. Metal concentrations should be considered for prognosis in PCa.

Keywords

prostate cancer, metal, non-metal, ICP-MS

Project Number

2016/76

References

• 1- Crawford, E. David. Epidemiology of prostate cancer. Urology, 2003; 62(6): 3-12.
• 2- Rebbeck, Timothy R. Conquering cancer disparities: new opportunities for cancer epidemiology, biomarker, and prevention research. 2006; 15(9): 1569–1571.
• 3- Crawford, E. David, et al. An approach using PSA levels of 1.5 ng/mL as the cutoff for prostate cancer screening in primary care. Urology, 2016; 96: 116-120.
• 4- Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon C. Robbins basic pathology e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2017.
• 5- Spitz, Margaret R., et al. Epidemiologic determinants of clinically relevant prostate cancer. International journal of cancer, 2000; 89(3): 259-264.
• 6- Sarafanov, Andrey G., et al. Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions. The Prostate, 2011; 71(11): 1231-1238.
• 7- Neslund-Dudas, Christine, et al. Prostate tissue metal levels and prostate cancer recurrence in smokers. Biological trace element research, 2014; 157(2): 107-112.
• 8- Çelen, İlker, et al. Selenium, nickel, and calcium levels in cancerous and non-cancerous prostate tissue samples and their relation with some parameters. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015;22(17): 13070-13076.
• 9- Falkeholm, Lars, et al. Xylene-free method for histological preparation: a multicentre evaluation. Laboratory investigation, 2001; 81(9): 1213-1221.
• 10- Gumulec, Jaromir, et al. Serum and tissue zinc in epithelial malignancies: a meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2014;, 9(6): e99790.
• 11- Zaichick, Vladimir; Nosenko, Sergey; Moskvina, Irina. The effect of age on 12 chemical element contents in the intact prostate of adult men investigated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Biological trace element research, 2012; 147(1-3): 49-58.
• 12- Zaichick, V. Ye; Sviridova, T. V.; Zaichick, S. V. Zinc in the human prostate gland: normal, hyperplastic and cancerous. International urology and nephrology, 1997; 29(5): 565-574.
• 13- LI, Xiao‐Meng, et al. Measurement of serum zinc improves prostate cancer detection efficiency in patients with PSA levels between 4 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL. Asian journal of andrology, 2005; 7(3): 323-328.
• 14- Leitzmann, Michael F., et al. Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2003; 95(13): 1004-1007.
• 15- Yaman, Mehmet, et al. Comparison of trace metal concentrations in malign and benign human prostate. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2005; 48(2): 630-634.
• 16- Singh, Bhupendra Pal, et al. Status and interrelationship of zinc, copper, iron, calcium and selenium in prostate cancer. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2016; 31(1): 50-56.
• 17- Bulka, Catherine M., et al. Arsenic in drinking water and prostate cancer in Illinois counties: An ecologic study. Environmental research, 2016; 148: 450-456.
• 18- Silvera, Stephanie A. Navarro; Rohan, Thomas E. Trace elements and cancer risk: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Cancer Causes & Control, 2007; 18(1): 7-27.
• 19- Benbrahim-Tallaa, Lamia; Waalkes, Michael P. Inorganic arsenic and human prostate cancer. Environmental health perspectives, 2008; 116(2): 158-164.
• 20- D. R. Intakes, U. Vanadium, Z. R. Levels, D. R. Intakes, S. Committee, S. Evaluation, D. Reference, I. Isbn, T. Pdf, N. A. Press, N. A. Press, N. Academy, N. Academy, and N. A. Press, Dietary Reference Intakes. 2000.
• 21- Boyacioglu, Seda Orenay, et al. Biological effects of tolerable level chronic boron intake on transcription factors. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2017; 39: 30-35.
• 22- Cui, Y., Winton, M. I., Zhang, et al. Dietary boron intake and prostate cancer risk. Oncology reports,2004; 11(4): 887-892.
• 23- Boffetta, Paolo; Fryzek, Jon P.; Mandel, Jack S. Occupational exposure to beryllium and cancer risk: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Critical reviews in toxicology, 2012; 42(2): 107-118.
• 24- Sanderson, Wayne T., et al. Lung cancer case–control study of beryllium workers. American journal of industrial medicine, 2001; 39(2): 133-144.
• 25- Rooney, Cleone, et al. Case-control study of prostatic cancer in employees of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. British Medical Journal, 1993; 307(6916): 1391-1397.
• 26- Visuri, Tuomo, et al. Decreased cancer risk in patients who have been operated on with total hip and knee arthroplasty for primary osteoarthrosis: a meta-analysis of 6 Nordic cohorts with 73,000 patients. Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica, 2003; 74(3): 351-360.
• 27- Visuri, Tuomo, et al. Cancer risk is not increased after conventional hip arthroplasty: a nationwide study from the Finnish Arthroplasty Register with follow-up of 24,636 patients for a mean of 13 years. Acta orthopaedica, 2010; 81(1) 77-81.