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Çocuk Sahibi Olmayı Planlayan Kadınların Doğurganlık Niyetleri, Doğum ve COVID-19 Korkuları Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 372 - 379, 23.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1069474

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmada; gelecekte çocuk sahibi olmayı planlayan üreme çağındaki genç kadınların, pandemi sürecinde doğuma ilişkin izlenimleri, doğurganlık niyetleri, gebelik öncesi doğum korkuları ile COVID 19 korkusu arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türdeki bu araştırmanın örneklemini doğurganlık çağında olan 302 kadın oluşturdu. Araştırmanın etik kurul onayı alındı. Veriler çevirim içi sosyal ağlar aracılığı ile COVİD-19 Korkusu Ölçeği ve Gebelik Öncesi Doğum Korkusu Ölçeği(KGÖ-DKÖ) kullanılarak toplandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi tanımlayıcı istatistikler, independent samples t test ve Spearman korelasyon analiziyle yapıldı. Bulgular: Kadınların yaş ortalaması 22.68±3.54’dür, sahip olmak istedikleri çocuk sayısı ortalamasının ise 1.98±0.96’dir ve %83.1’i pandemi döneminde çocuk doğurma niyetinde değildir. Kadınlar pandemi süresince doğurganlık niyetinin erteleme nedenleri olarak; COVID-19 korkusunu(%71.5), gebelik sayısını(%81.5), maddi kaygılarını(%91.1), pandeminin devam etmesini(%67.9), koronavirüs hastalığı geçirmesi nedeniyle ilaç kullanmasını(%73.8), COVİD-19 aşısı olmasını(%41.4’ü) göstermiştir. Pandeminin devam etmesi nedeni ile doğurganlık niyetinin ertelenmesi gerektiğini bildiren kadınların(18.10±6.31) ve gerekmediğini bildiren kadınların(16.27±5.58) COVİD-19 korkusu ölçek puan ortalamaları arasındaki fark anlamlıydı(t=2.347,p=.020). COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği ve KÖ-KGÖDK arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde ilişki olduğunu gösterdi (r=. 339, p<0.001). Sonuç: Kadınların pandemi sürecinde doğurganlık niyetleri, COVİD-19 Korkuları ve doğum öncesi doğum korkularının ilişkili olduğu belirlendi.

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References

  • Ahorsu, D.K., Lin, C-Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020 DOİ 10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., & Ercan, H. Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2020 DOİ 10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
  • Baral SD, Mishra S, Diouf D, Phanuphak N, Dowdy D The public health response to COVID-19: balancing precaution and unintended consequences. Annals of Epidemiology. 2020; 46:12-13. DOİ 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.001
  • Demir, R, Taşpınar A. Koronavirüs Pandemisinin Kadının Yaşamına ve Sağlığına Yansımaları. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2021;13,(4):779-789. https://doi.org/10.1886 3/pgy.882529
  • Desdicioglu, R., Avşar, F. B., & Yavuz, A. F. Covıd-19 Aşıları Ve Gebelik Covıd-19 Vaccınes And Pregnancy, Ankara Medical Journal. 2021;(4):672-686. https://doi.org/10.10 80/26410397.2020.1785378
  • Erfani, A., & Jahanbakhsh, R. Do Spousal Intimate Relationships Affect Fertility Intentions and Preferences?. Journal of Family Issues, 2021; 1-19. DOI 10192513X211016041.
  • Eurostat statistic. (2021) Fertility statistics - European Commission (2021) https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Fertility_statistics Erişim tarihi 08.Aralık 2021
  • Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., & Latzman, R. D. Functional fear predicts public health compliance in the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5.
  • Jing Y, Run-Qian L, Hao-Ran W, Hao-Ran C, Ya-Bin L, Yang G, et al. Potential influence of COVID-19/ACE2 on the female reproductive system. Molekular Human Reprod. 2020;26(6);367-373. https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaaa0 30
  • Kuhnt, A. K., Kreyenfeld, M., & Trappe, H. Fertility ideals of women and men across the life course. In Childlessness in Europe: Contexts, Causes, and Consequences . 2017; 235-251. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44667-7_11
  • Li R, Yin T, Fang F, et al. Potential risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection on reproductive health. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.04. 018
  • Li, K., Chen, G., Hou, H., Liao, Q., Chen, J., Bai, H., ... & Ai, J. Analysis of sex hormones and menstruation in COVID-19 women of child-bearing age. Reproductive biomedicine online, 2021; 42(1): 260-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. rbmo.2020.09.020
  • Lau BH, Huo R, Wang K, et al. Intention of having a second child among infertile and fertile women attending outpatient gynecology clinics in three major cities in China: A cross-sectional study. Hum Reprod Open. 2018;2018:hoy014.
  • Marteleto, L. J., Weitzman, A., Coutinho, R. Z., & Alves, S. V. Women’s reproductive intentions and behaviors during the Zika epidemic in Brazil. Population and Development Review, 2017;43(2): 199. DOİ 10.1111/padr.12074
  • McLaren HJ, Wong KR, Nguyen KN, Mahamadachchi KND Covid-19 and women’s triple burden: vignettes from Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam and Australia. Socal Science, 2020; 9: 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050087
  • Micelli, E., Cito, G., Cocci, A., Polloni, G., Russo, G. I., Minervini, A., ... & Coccia, M. E. Desire for parenthood at the time of COVID-19 pandemic: an insight into the Italian situation. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2020;41(3):183-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 0167482X.2020.1759545
  • Morrissey, T. W. Child care and parent labor force participation: A review of the research literature. Review of Economics of the Household, 2017;15(1):1–24. DOI 10.1007/s11150-016-9331-3
  • Seymen, C. M. Covıd-19 Pandemisinin Kadın Fertilitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2020, 5(3), 1-7. Sienicka, A., Pisula, A., Pawlik, K. K., Kacperczyk-Bartnik, J., Bartnik, P., Dobrowolska-Redo, A., & Romejko-Wolniewicz, E. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on reproductive intentions among the Polish population. Ginekologia polska. 2021, DOI: 10.5603/GP.a2021.0135
  • Stoll, K., Hauck, Y., Downe, S., Edmonds, J., Gross, M. M., Malott, A., ... & Hall, W. A Cross-cultural development and psychometric evaluation of a measure to assess fear of childbirth prior to pregnancy. Sexual & Reproductive Health Care, 2016;8:49-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.srhc.2016.02.004
  • Richens Y, Smith D M, Lavender D T. Fear of birth in clinical practice: a structured review of current measurement tools. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 2018; 16: 98-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2018.02.010
  • Taşkın L. Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği, 16. Baskı, Ankara, Akademi yayınevi; 2020.
  • Taylor, S., Landry, C., Paluszek, M., Fergus, T. A., Mckay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. Development and initial validation of the COVID Stress Scales. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2020;72:102232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102232
  • Thomson G, Stoll K, Downe S, & Hall W A. Negative impressions of childbirth in a North-West England student population. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2017;38(1):37-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 0167482X.2016.1216960 TUIK (2021) Doğum İstatistikleri, 2020. Yayın Tarih: 18 Mayıs 2021. Sayı: 37229 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/ Index?p=Dogum-Istatistikleri-2020-37229 08.Aralık’de erişildi.
  • TUIK (2019) Doğum İstatistikleri, 2018 Yayim Tarihi: 17 Mayıs 2019, Sayı: 30696 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p= Dogum-Istatistikleri-2018-30696 08 Aralık 2021’de erişildi.
  • Uçar., T, & Taşhan, S. T. Gebelik öncesi doğum korkusu ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: kadın ve erkeklerde geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018;(3):289-296. https://doi.org/10.310 67/0.2018.43ACU
  • Waldenström U, Hildingsson I, Ryding EL. Antenatal fear of childbirth and its association with subsequent caesarean section and experience of childbirth. BJOG 2006;113:638-646. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00950.x
  • WHO (2021) Update on Omicron https://www.who.int/ news/item/28-11-2021-update-on-omicron 08 Aralık 2021’de erişildi.
  • Wordometerts (2021) https://www.worldometers.info/corona virus/ 08 Aralık 2021 ’de erişildi.
  • Zhu, C., Wu, J., Liang, Y., Yan, L., He, C., Chen, L., & Zhang, J. Fertility intentions among couples in Shanghai under COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2020; 151(3): 399-406. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13366

The Relationship Between Fertility Intentions, Childbirth and COVID-19 Fears of Women Planning to Have Children

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 372 - 379, 23.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1069474

Abstract

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between the impressions of young women of reproductive age who plan to have children in the future, their fertility intentions, their fear of birth before pregnancy and the fear of COVID 19. Material and Methods:The sample of this descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of 302 women of childbearing age. Ethics committee approval was obtained the study. Data were collected via online social networks using the COVID-19 Fear Scale and the Women Childbirth Fear–Prior to Pregnancy(WCF-PPS). Evaluation of the data was done with descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and Spearman correlation analysis. Results:The mean age of the women was22.68±3.54, and the average number of children they would like to have is 1.98±0.96and 83.1% of them do not intend to have a child during the pandemic. Women as reasons for delaying fertility intention during the pandemic; Fear of COVID-19(71.5%), the number of pregnancies (81.5%), financial concerns (91.1%), the continuation of the pandemic (67.9%), using medication due to coronavirus disease (73.8%), getting COVID-19 vaccine (41.4%) showed. The difference between the mean score of the fear of COVID-19 scale of the women (18.10±6.31) who stated that the fertility intention should be postponed due to the ongoing pandemic and the women (16.27±5.58) who stated that it was not necessary was significant (t=2.347, p=.020). It showed a moderately positive correlation between the COVID-19 Fear Scale and the WCF-PPS (r=.339, p<0.001).Conclusion: It was determined that women's fertility intentions, fears of COVID-19, and fears of childbirth prior to pregnancy were related during the pandemic process.

Project Number

yok

References

  • Ahorsu, D.K., Lin, C-Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020 DOİ 10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., & Ercan, H. Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2020 DOİ 10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
  • Baral SD, Mishra S, Diouf D, Phanuphak N, Dowdy D The public health response to COVID-19: balancing precaution and unintended consequences. Annals of Epidemiology. 2020; 46:12-13. DOİ 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.001
  • Demir, R, Taşpınar A. Koronavirüs Pandemisinin Kadının Yaşamına ve Sağlığına Yansımaları. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2021;13,(4):779-789. https://doi.org/10.1886 3/pgy.882529
  • Desdicioglu, R., Avşar, F. B., & Yavuz, A. F. Covıd-19 Aşıları Ve Gebelik Covıd-19 Vaccınes And Pregnancy, Ankara Medical Journal. 2021;(4):672-686. https://doi.org/10.10 80/26410397.2020.1785378
  • Erfani, A., & Jahanbakhsh, R. Do Spousal Intimate Relationships Affect Fertility Intentions and Preferences?. Journal of Family Issues, 2021; 1-19. DOI 10192513X211016041.
  • Eurostat statistic. (2021) Fertility statistics - European Commission (2021) https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Fertility_statistics Erişim tarihi 08.Aralık 2021
  • Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., & Latzman, R. D. Functional fear predicts public health compliance in the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5.
  • Jing Y, Run-Qian L, Hao-Ran W, Hao-Ran C, Ya-Bin L, Yang G, et al. Potential influence of COVID-19/ACE2 on the female reproductive system. Molekular Human Reprod. 2020;26(6);367-373. https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaaa0 30
  • Kuhnt, A. K., Kreyenfeld, M., & Trappe, H. Fertility ideals of women and men across the life course. In Childlessness in Europe: Contexts, Causes, and Consequences . 2017; 235-251. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44667-7_11
  • Li R, Yin T, Fang F, et al. Potential risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection on reproductive health. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.04. 018
  • Li, K., Chen, G., Hou, H., Liao, Q., Chen, J., Bai, H., ... & Ai, J. Analysis of sex hormones and menstruation in COVID-19 women of child-bearing age. Reproductive biomedicine online, 2021; 42(1): 260-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. rbmo.2020.09.020
  • Lau BH, Huo R, Wang K, et al. Intention of having a second child among infertile and fertile women attending outpatient gynecology clinics in three major cities in China: A cross-sectional study. Hum Reprod Open. 2018;2018:hoy014.
  • Marteleto, L. J., Weitzman, A., Coutinho, R. Z., & Alves, S. V. Women’s reproductive intentions and behaviors during the Zika epidemic in Brazil. Population and Development Review, 2017;43(2): 199. DOİ 10.1111/padr.12074
  • McLaren HJ, Wong KR, Nguyen KN, Mahamadachchi KND Covid-19 and women’s triple burden: vignettes from Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam and Australia. Socal Science, 2020; 9: 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050087
  • Micelli, E., Cito, G., Cocci, A., Polloni, G., Russo, G. I., Minervini, A., ... & Coccia, M. E. Desire for parenthood at the time of COVID-19 pandemic: an insight into the Italian situation. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2020;41(3):183-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 0167482X.2020.1759545
  • Morrissey, T. W. Child care and parent labor force participation: A review of the research literature. Review of Economics of the Household, 2017;15(1):1–24. DOI 10.1007/s11150-016-9331-3
  • Seymen, C. M. Covıd-19 Pandemisinin Kadın Fertilitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2020, 5(3), 1-7. Sienicka, A., Pisula, A., Pawlik, K. K., Kacperczyk-Bartnik, J., Bartnik, P., Dobrowolska-Redo, A., & Romejko-Wolniewicz, E. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on reproductive intentions among the Polish population. Ginekologia polska. 2021, DOI: 10.5603/GP.a2021.0135
  • Stoll, K., Hauck, Y., Downe, S., Edmonds, J., Gross, M. M., Malott, A., ... & Hall, W. A Cross-cultural development and psychometric evaluation of a measure to assess fear of childbirth prior to pregnancy. Sexual & Reproductive Health Care, 2016;8:49-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.srhc.2016.02.004
  • Richens Y, Smith D M, Lavender D T. Fear of birth in clinical practice: a structured review of current measurement tools. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 2018; 16: 98-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2018.02.010
  • Taşkın L. Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği, 16. Baskı, Ankara, Akademi yayınevi; 2020.
  • Taylor, S., Landry, C., Paluszek, M., Fergus, T. A., Mckay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. Development and initial validation of the COVID Stress Scales. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2020;72:102232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102232
  • Thomson G, Stoll K, Downe S, & Hall W A. Negative impressions of childbirth in a North-West England student population. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2017;38(1):37-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 0167482X.2016.1216960 TUIK (2021) Doğum İstatistikleri, 2020. Yayın Tarih: 18 Mayıs 2021. Sayı: 37229 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/ Index?p=Dogum-Istatistikleri-2020-37229 08.Aralık’de erişildi.
  • TUIK (2019) Doğum İstatistikleri, 2018 Yayim Tarihi: 17 Mayıs 2019, Sayı: 30696 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p= Dogum-Istatistikleri-2018-30696 08 Aralık 2021’de erişildi.
  • Uçar., T, & Taşhan, S. T. Gebelik öncesi doğum korkusu ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: kadın ve erkeklerde geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018;(3):289-296. https://doi.org/10.310 67/0.2018.43ACU
  • Waldenström U, Hildingsson I, Ryding EL. Antenatal fear of childbirth and its association with subsequent caesarean section and experience of childbirth. BJOG 2006;113:638-646. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00950.x
  • WHO (2021) Update on Omicron https://www.who.int/ news/item/28-11-2021-update-on-omicron 08 Aralık 2021’de erişildi.
  • Wordometerts (2021) https://www.worldometers.info/corona virus/ 08 Aralık 2021 ’de erişildi.
  • Zhu, C., Wu, J., Liang, Y., Yan, L., He, C., Chen, L., & Zhang, J. Fertility intentions among couples in Shanghai under COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2020; 151(3): 399-406. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13366
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gonca Buran 0000-0001-9082-553X

Seyhan Çankaya 0000-0003-0433-2515

Project Number yok
Publication Date June 23, 2023
Submission Date February 7, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Buran, G., & Çankaya, S. (2023). Çocuk Sahibi Olmayı Planlayan Kadınların Doğurganlık Niyetleri, Doğum ve COVID-19 Korkuları Arasındaki İlişki. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 372-379. https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1069474

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