Genç Kadınların Menstrual Deneyimleri ile Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 620 - 627, 28.09.2023

Yeliz Varışoğlu , Pınar Irmak Vural

https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1166739

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma genç kadınların menstruasyon döneminde deneyimleri ile depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması amacıyla tanımlayıcı karşılaştırmalı tipte tasarlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini İstanbul’da bir vakıf üniversitesine bağlı meslek yüksekokulunda eğitim gören birinci sınıf kız öğrenciler (N=857) oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, örneklem seçimine gidilmemiş, dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan ve çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü 361 öğrenci ile çalışma yürütülmüştür. Veriler Google form aracılığıyla katılımcı bilgi formu, “Menstrual Deneyimler Ölçeği” ve “Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Ölçeği Kısa Formu” araçları kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Formlar hazırlanırken her bir soru gerekli olarak işaretlendiğinden katılımcının soruları gözden kaçırma olasılığının önüne geçilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların ortalama yaşı 19.30±2.11, menarş yaşı ortalama 13.18±1.36, BKİ ortalama 22.24±10.06 olduğu, %89.2’sinin menstruasyon sırasında ağrı yaşadığı, %39,1’inin menstruasyon sırasında yaşadığı ağrı nedeniyle okula gidemediği, %59.6’sının menstruasyon ağrısı için ağrı kesici ilaç kullandığı belirlendi. DASS skorları ve “Depresyon” ve “Stres” alt boyut puanlarının MDÖ “Malzeme güvenilirliği endişesi” alt boyutu ile pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca katılımcıların MDÖ toplam ortalama puanı 2.23±0.38, DASS-21 toplam ortalama puanı 32.12±14.98 olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak genç kadınların menstruasyon döneminde malzeme güvenilirliği endişesi yaşadıkları ve bunun depresyon ve stres skorları ile ilişkili olduğu belirlendi. Genç kadınların menstrual sürecin yönetimi ile ilgili ihtiyaçlarının eğitim ve danışmanlıkların yanı sıra kamusal stratejilerin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Menstruasyon, Depresyon, Anksiyete, Stres, Kadın sağlığı

Comparison of Menstrual Experiences of Young Women with Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels

Abstract

Objective: This study was designed as a descriptive comparative type in order to compare the experiences of young women during menstruation with their depression, anxiety and stress levels. Material and Methods: The universe of the research consists of first-year female students (N=857) studying at a foundation university in Istanbul. In the study, no sample selection was made, the study was conducted with 361 students who met the inclusion criteria and volunteered to participate in the study. Data were collected using the participant information form, “Menstrual Experiences Scale” and “Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale Short Form” tools via Google form. As each question was marked as necessary while the forms were being prepared, the possibility of the participant to overlook the questions was prevented. Results: The mean age of the participants was 19.30±2.11, the mean age of menarche was 13.18±1.36, the mean BMI was 22.24±10.06, 89.2% had pain during menstruation, 39.1% It was determined that they could not go to school because of the pain they experienced during menstruation, and 59,6% of them used pain medication for menstruation pain. It was determined that the DASS scores and the "Depression" and "Stress" sub-dimension scores were positively and significantly correlated with the MDS "Material reliability concern" sub-dimension. In addition, the participants' MDS total mean score was 2.23±0.38, and DASS-21 total mean score was 32.12±14.98. Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that young girls experienced material safety concerns during menstruation and this was associated with depression and stress scores. In addition to training and counseling, the needs of young girls regarding the management of the menstrual process should be determined by public strategies.

Keywords

Menstruation, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Women's health

References

• Ahmad, A., Garg, S. G., Gupta, S., & Alvi, R. (2021). Knowledge and practices related to menstruation among Lucknow college students in North India: results from a cross-sectional survey. Medrxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.10.21251460
• Akbaş, T., & Sanberk, İ. (2012). İlk menstruasyon ve ejakülasyon deneyimi: hazirlik ön yaşantılar ve ön bilgilerin cinsel tutum ve davranışlarla ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(3), 323–338.
• Altıntaş, R. Y., Bakır, S,. Gül, İ,. Süer, N., & Kavlak, O. (2021). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinde menstruasyon tutumunun genital hijyen davranışlarına etkisi. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 15(3), 568-575. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.931262
• The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2015). Menstruation in girls and adolescents: Using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign. Committee Opinion No. 651. 126:e143–146.
• Birleşmiş Milletler. (2019). United Nations, Global perspective Human stories. Erişim: 20.02.2022. https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/03/1034131
• Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., & Wang, J. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X
• Çaltekin, İ., Hamamcı, M., Çaltekin, M. D., & Onat, T. (2021). Evaluation of sleep disorders, anxiety and depression in women with dysmenorrhea. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 19(1), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-020-00283-9
• Dundar, T., & Ozsoy, S. (2018). Menstrual hijyen ve görme engelliler. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 15(3), 192-195.
• Ekici, G., Ercan, S., Ekici, B., & Salar S. (2017). Farklı premenstrual belirtileri olan kadınlarda ruhsal durumun incelenmesi: Kontrollü çalışma. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 5(3), 387-388.
• Hennegan, J., & Montgomery, P. (2016). Do menstrual hygiene management ınterventions improve education and psychosocial outcomes for women and girls in low and middle income countries? A systematic review. Plos One, 11(2):1-21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146985
• Hennegan, J., Dolan, C., Wu, M., Scott ,L., & Montgomery, P. (2016). Measuring the prevalence and impact of poor menstrual hygiene management: A quantitative survey of schoolgirls in rural Uganda. BMJ Open, 6(12):e012596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012596
• Hennegan, J., Nansubuga, A., Smith, C., Redshaw, M., Akullo, A., & Schwab, K. J. (2020). Measuring menstrual hygiene experience: Development and validation of the Menstrual Practice Needs Scale (MPNS-36) in Soroti, Uganda. BMJ Open, 10, e034461. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034461
• Hoerster, K. D., Chrisler, J. C., & Rose, J. G. (2003). Attitudes toward and experience with menstruation in the US and India. Women Health, 38(3), 77-95.
• Kaur, R., Kaur, K., & Kaur, R. (2018). Menstrual hygiene, management, and waste disposal: practices and challenges faced by girls/women of developing countries. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1730964
• Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
• Mostafa, I. (2019). The Real Period Stain: Menstrual Stigma and Its Pressures in South Asia. Erişim: 20.02.2022 https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1596&context=celebrationoflearning
• Nabwera, H.M., Shah, V., Neville, R., Sosseh, F., Saidykhan, M., Faal, F., & Torondel, B. (2021). Menstrual hygiene management practices and associated health outcomes among school-going adolescents in rural Gambia. PloS One, 16(2), e0247554. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247554
• Omidvar, S., Bakouei, F., Amiri, F. N., & Begum, K. (2016). Primary dysmenorrhea and menstrual symptoms in Indian female students: Prevalence, ımpact and management. Global Journal of Health Science, 8(8), 53632. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n8p135
• Özcan, H., & Subaşı B. (2013). Psychopathology in premenstrual syndrome. Journal of Mood Disorders, 3(4), 146-149. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20130514121254
• Pitangui, A. C. R., Gomes, M. R. D. A., Lima, A. S., Schwingel, P. A., Albuquerque, A. P. D. S., & Araújo, R. C. (2013). Menstruation disturbances: prevalence, characteristics, and effects on the activities of daily living among adolescent girls from Brazil. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 26(3), 148-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2012.12.001
• Sarıçam, H. (2018). The psychometric properties of Turkish version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in health control and clinical samples. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 7(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.5455/JCBPR.274847
• Sánchez-Borrego, R., & García-Calvo, C. (2008). Spanish women’s attitudes towards menstruation and use of a continuous, daily use hormonal combined contraceptive regimen. Contraception, 77(2), 114–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2007.05.082
• Sommer, M., Hirsch, J. S., Nathanson, C., & Parker, R. G. (2015). Comfortably, safely, and without shame: defining menstrual hygiene management as a public health issue. American Journal of Public Health, 105(7), 1302-1311. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302 525
• Sommer, M., Schmitt, M. L., Clatworthy, D., Bramucci, G., Wheeler, E., & Ratnayake, R. (2016). What is the scope for addressing menstrual hygiene management in complex humanitarian emergencies? A global review. Waterlines, 245-264. Erişim: 14.02.2022. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26600764
• Sönmezer, E. & Yosmaoğlu, H. B. (2014). Dismenoresi olan kadınlarda menstruasyona yönelik tutum ve stres algısı değişiklikleri. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 2(25), 1-7.
• Tanton, C., Nakuya, K., Kansiime, C., Hytti, L., Torondel, B. Francis, S. C., et al. (2021). Menstrual characteristics, menstrual anxiety and school attendance among adolescents in Uganda: A longitudinal study. BMC Women's Health, 21(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01544-6
• Tian, F., Li, H., Tian, S., Yang, J., Shao, J., & Tian, C. (2020). Psychological symptoms of ordinary Chinese citizens based on SCL-90 during the level I emergency response to COVID-19. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112992
• Upashe, S. P., Tekelab, T., & Mekonnen, J. (2015). Assessment of knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene among high school girls in Western Ethiopia. BMC Women's Health, 15, 84-92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905- 015-0245-7
• VanLeeuwen, C., & Torondel, B. (2018). Exploring menstrual practices and potential acceptability of reusable menstrual underwear among a Middle Eastern population living in a refugee setting. International Journal of Women's Health, 10, 349. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S152483
• Wang, H., & Zhang, L. (2020). Research progress on the menstrual disorders leading to depression in adolescent women. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 45(8), 869-875. https://doi.org/10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2020.08.14