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Erkeğe Yönelik Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutumunun Depresyon, Anksiyete, Stres İle İlişkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 74 - 80, 28.03.2025

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, erkeklere yönelik toplumsal cinsiyet rolü tutumları ile depresyon, anksiyete ve stres arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla tasarlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma İstanbul’da yaşayan 18 yaş ve üzeri erkeklerde 450 katılımcı ile kartopu yöntemi kullanılarak Ekim 2023-Mart 2024 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma yürütülmeden önce kullanılan ölçeklerin yazarlarından izin, İstanbul Gedik Üniversitesi’nin etik kurulundan etik izin ve katılımcılardan katılım onam izni alındı. Araştırma verileri araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Erkeğe Yönelik Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutumu Ölçeği ve Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Ölçeği-21 (DASÖ-21) kullanılarak toplandı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 23.36, %83.10’unun bekar olduğu, %60.90’ının gelir gidere denk olduğu, %68.40’ının lise mezunu olduğu, %62.40’ının çalışıyor olduğu, %51.80’inin 0-1 yıldır çalıştığı saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların DASÖ-21 depresyon alt boyu puan ortalaması 8.22±4.81, stres alt boyut puan ortalaması 8.25±4.73, anksiyete alt boyut puan ortalaması 6.39±4.99 olarak bulundu. Kişilerin Erkeğe Yönelik Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutumu toplam puan ortalamaları ise 82.82±15.49 olarak saptanmıştır. DASÖ-21 Anksiyete Boyut puanı ile Erkeğe Yönelik Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutumu Cinsiyetçi Sosyal Şiddet Boyut puanı arasında pozitif yönde ve zayıf düzeyde anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p<0.05). DASÖ-21 ve Erkeğe Yönelik Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutumu diğer alt boyutları arasında ilişki bulunmadı (p>0.05). Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda cinsiyetçi sosyal şiddet ile bireylerin anksiyetesi arasında pozitif zayıf ilişki bulundu. İlerideki araştırmalar sadece bir ildeki kişilerle değil, daha geniş bir evreni kapsayacak boyutta, olasılıklı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak yürütülebilir.

Project Number

1919B012216344

References

  • Açer, T. M. (2022). Yeni kapitalizm ve erkeklik krizi: Ankara’da hizmet sektöründe çalışan erkekler. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (73), 229-244.https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.1119585
  • Adiningsih, H. B., Dannisworo, C. A., ve Christia, M. (2020). Dating violence perpetration: masculine ideology and masculine gender role stress as predictors. Humanitas Indonesian Psychological Journal, 17(1), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v17i1.1355
  • Akkaş, İ. (2020). Toplumsal cinsiyet algısı üzerine bir değerlendirme: Erzincan örneği. Dünya Multidisipliner Araştırmalar Dergisi, (1), 55-72.
  • Baranov, V., De Haas, R., & Grosjean, P. A. (2018). Men. Roots and consequences of masculinity norms. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3266457
  • Bhugra, Dinesh, and others (2022) 'Masculinity, male roles, mental illnesses, and social psychiatry', in Dinesh Bhugra, Driss Moussaoui, and Tom J Craig (eds), Oxford Textbook of Social Psychiatry, Oxford Textbooks in Psychiatry (Oxford, 2022; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Aug. 2022), https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198861478.003.0024
  • Caraballo, A. A. (2023). 17.3 Gender stereotypes about masculinity and their effect on the development and the mental health of boys and young men. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 62(10), S27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.07.214
  • Farsia, L. (2024). Ensuring equal opportunity: Gender equality in workplace. ACCENTIA: Journal of English Language and Education, 4(1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.37598/accentia.v4i1.2040
  • Fisher, K., Seidler, Z. E., King, K., Oliffe, J. L., Robertson, S., & Rice, S. M. (2022). Men’s anxiety, why it matters, and what is needed to limit its risk for male suicide. Discover Psychology, 2(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-022-00035-5
  • Giuliano, P. (2020). Gender and culture. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 36(4), 944-961. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/graa044
  • Herreen, D., Rice, S., & Zajac, I. (2022). Psychological inflexibility mediates the relationship between conformity to masculine norms and depression: Preliminary support for a transdiagnostic approach to working therapeutically with men. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 26, 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.10.007
  • Jakubowski, T. D., & Sitko-Dominik, M. M. (2021). The impact of the traditional male role norms on the posttraumatic stress disorder among Polish male firefighters. Plos One, 16(10), e0259025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259025
  • Kaya, A., Iwamoto, D. K., Brady, J., Clinton, L., & Grivel, M. (2019). The role of masculine norms and gender role conflict on prospective well-being among men. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 20(1), 142. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/men0000155
  • Korkmaz, H. (2022). Modern dönemde geleneksel kültür kodlarının/ataerkil yapının aile hayatına yansıması. Antakiyat, 5(1), 54-71.
  • Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-
  • Özel, Y. & Bay Karabulut, A. (2018). Günlük yaşam ve stres yönetimi. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 1(1), 48-56
  • Philbin, M. M., Everett, B. G., & Auerbach, J. D. (2024). Gender (ed) science: How the institutionalization of gender continues to shape the conduct and content of women's health research. Social Science & Medicine, 351, 116456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116456
  • Philbin, M. M., Everett, B. G., & Auerbach, J. D. (2024). Gender (ed) science: How the institutionalization of gender continues to shape the conduct and content of women's health research. Social Science & Medicine, 351, 116456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116456
  • Reale, C., Invernizzi, F., Panteghini, C., & Garavaglia, B. (2023). Genetics, sex, and gender. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 101(5), 553-562. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24945
  • Siddiqui, M. A., Rathi, L., Pattojoshi, A., Garg, S., & Tikka, S. K. (2024). Stress management in family environment. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 66(Suppl 2), S245-S254. https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_600_23
  • Stanaland, A., & Gaither, S. (2021). “Be a man”: The role of social pressure in eliciting men’s aggressive cognition. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 47(11), 1596-1611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220984298
  • Suresh K, Dr. Suresh K, Dr. Joginder S Kairo, Dr. Shashi R and Rakesh K Behmani, (2023). Gender microaggressions towards females and its negative effects on mental health: A review. International journal of psychology sciences 5(1), 11-14. https://doi.org/10.33545/26648377.2023.v5.i1a.29
  • Thorne, B. (2021). Gender play: Girls and boys in school. In Gender and education (pp. 34-56). Routledge.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2022). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2022-49685. Erişim tarihi: 29.03.2024
  • Wagner, A. J., & Reifegerste, D. (2024). Real men don't talk? Relationships among depressiveness, loneliness, conformity to masculine norms, and male non-disclosure of mental distress. SSM-Mental Health, 5,100296.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100296
  • Whitley, R. (2021). Employment, Unemployment, and Workplace Issues in Relation to Men’s Mental Health. In: Men’s Issues and Men’s Mental Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86320-3_8
  • Yelegen, G., Karataş, Y., Eren Bana, P. & Ünal, M. (2022). Erkeğe yönelik toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi, Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi, (1), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.35375/sayod.1018381
  • Yıldırım, A., Boysan, M., & Kefeli, M. C. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 46(5), 582-595. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2018.1442558
  • Yıldırım, İ. E., Ergut, Ö., & Camkıran, C. (2017). Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği konusundaki farkindaliğin belirlenmesine yönelik akademisyenler üzerine bir araştirma. Marmara Üniversitesi Kadın ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.26695/mukatcad.2018.10
  • Zielińska-Król, K. (2014). Male identity and the modern model of fatherhood. Roczniki Teologiczne, 61(10), 35-47

The Relationship of Gender Role Attitudes Towards Men with Depression, Anxiety, Stress

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 74 - 80, 28.03.2025

Abstract

Objective: This research was designed to examine the relationship between gender role attitudes toward men and depression, anxiety, and stress. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted between October 2023 and March 2024 using the snowball method with 450 participants among males aged 18 and over living in Istanbul. Before conducting the research, permission was obtained from the authors of the scales used, ethical permission from the ethics committee of Istanbul Gedik University, and consent to participate from the participants. The research data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, Men Oriented Gender Roles Attitudes Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) developed by the researchers. Results: The average age of the participants participating in the study was 23.36, 83.1% were single, 60.9% had equal income and expenses, 68.4% were high school graduates, 62.4% were employed, and 51.8% had been working for 0-1 years. The participants' mean DASS-21 depression sub-dimension score was 8.22±4.81, the mean stress sub-dimension score was 8.25±4.73, and the mean anxiety sub-dimension score was 6.39±4.99. The participants' total mean score for Gender Role Attitudes Towards Men was 82.82±15.49. A positive and weakly significant relationship was found between the DAS-21 Anxiety Dimension score and the Gender Role Attitude Towards Men Sexist Social Violence Dimension score (p<0.05). No relationship was found between the other sub-dimensions of DASS-21 and Gender Role Attitude Towards Men (p>0.05). Conclusion: As a result of the research, a positive weak relationship was found between sexist social violence and individuals' anxiety. Future research can be conducted using probability sampling method, not only with people in one province but also with a larger universe.

Ethical Statement

Istanbul Gedik University Ethics Committee Date: 24.04.2023 No: E-56365223-050.02.04-2023.137548.85

Supporting Institution

This research was made possible by the support of the Tübitak 2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Programme

Project Number

1919B012216344

Thanks

None

References

  • Açer, T. M. (2022). Yeni kapitalizm ve erkeklik krizi: Ankara’da hizmet sektöründe çalışan erkekler. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (73), 229-244.https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.1119585
  • Adiningsih, H. B., Dannisworo, C. A., ve Christia, M. (2020). Dating violence perpetration: masculine ideology and masculine gender role stress as predictors. Humanitas Indonesian Psychological Journal, 17(1), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v17i1.1355
  • Akkaş, İ. (2020). Toplumsal cinsiyet algısı üzerine bir değerlendirme: Erzincan örneği. Dünya Multidisipliner Araştırmalar Dergisi, (1), 55-72.
  • Baranov, V., De Haas, R., & Grosjean, P. A. (2018). Men. Roots and consequences of masculinity norms. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3266457
  • Bhugra, Dinesh, and others (2022) 'Masculinity, male roles, mental illnesses, and social psychiatry', in Dinesh Bhugra, Driss Moussaoui, and Tom J Craig (eds), Oxford Textbook of Social Psychiatry, Oxford Textbooks in Psychiatry (Oxford, 2022; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Aug. 2022), https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198861478.003.0024
  • Caraballo, A. A. (2023). 17.3 Gender stereotypes about masculinity and their effect on the development and the mental health of boys and young men. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 62(10), S27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.07.214
  • Farsia, L. (2024). Ensuring equal opportunity: Gender equality in workplace. ACCENTIA: Journal of English Language and Education, 4(1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.37598/accentia.v4i1.2040
  • Fisher, K., Seidler, Z. E., King, K., Oliffe, J. L., Robertson, S., & Rice, S. M. (2022). Men’s anxiety, why it matters, and what is needed to limit its risk for male suicide. Discover Psychology, 2(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-022-00035-5
  • Giuliano, P. (2020). Gender and culture. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 36(4), 944-961. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/graa044
  • Herreen, D., Rice, S., & Zajac, I. (2022). Psychological inflexibility mediates the relationship between conformity to masculine norms and depression: Preliminary support for a transdiagnostic approach to working therapeutically with men. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 26, 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.10.007
  • Jakubowski, T. D., & Sitko-Dominik, M. M. (2021). The impact of the traditional male role norms on the posttraumatic stress disorder among Polish male firefighters. Plos One, 16(10), e0259025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259025
  • Kaya, A., Iwamoto, D. K., Brady, J., Clinton, L., & Grivel, M. (2019). The role of masculine norms and gender role conflict on prospective well-being among men. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 20(1), 142. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/men0000155
  • Korkmaz, H. (2022). Modern dönemde geleneksel kültür kodlarının/ataerkil yapının aile hayatına yansıması. Antakiyat, 5(1), 54-71.
  • Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-
  • Özel, Y. & Bay Karabulut, A. (2018). Günlük yaşam ve stres yönetimi. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 1(1), 48-56
  • Philbin, M. M., Everett, B. G., & Auerbach, J. D. (2024). Gender (ed) science: How the institutionalization of gender continues to shape the conduct and content of women's health research. Social Science & Medicine, 351, 116456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116456
  • Philbin, M. M., Everett, B. G., & Auerbach, J. D. (2024). Gender (ed) science: How the institutionalization of gender continues to shape the conduct and content of women's health research. Social Science & Medicine, 351, 116456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116456
  • Reale, C., Invernizzi, F., Panteghini, C., & Garavaglia, B. (2023). Genetics, sex, and gender. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 101(5), 553-562. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24945
  • Siddiqui, M. A., Rathi, L., Pattojoshi, A., Garg, S., & Tikka, S. K. (2024). Stress management in family environment. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 66(Suppl 2), S245-S254. https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_600_23
  • Stanaland, A., & Gaither, S. (2021). “Be a man”: The role of social pressure in eliciting men’s aggressive cognition. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 47(11), 1596-1611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220984298
  • Suresh K, Dr. Suresh K, Dr. Joginder S Kairo, Dr. Shashi R and Rakesh K Behmani, (2023). Gender microaggressions towards females and its negative effects on mental health: A review. International journal of psychology sciences 5(1), 11-14. https://doi.org/10.33545/26648377.2023.v5.i1a.29
  • Thorne, B. (2021). Gender play: Girls and boys in school. In Gender and education (pp. 34-56). Routledge.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2022). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2022-49685. Erişim tarihi: 29.03.2024
  • Wagner, A. J., & Reifegerste, D. (2024). Real men don't talk? Relationships among depressiveness, loneliness, conformity to masculine norms, and male non-disclosure of mental distress. SSM-Mental Health, 5,100296.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100296
  • Whitley, R. (2021). Employment, Unemployment, and Workplace Issues in Relation to Men’s Mental Health. In: Men’s Issues and Men’s Mental Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86320-3_8
  • Yelegen, G., Karataş, Y., Eren Bana, P. & Ünal, M. (2022). Erkeğe yönelik toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi, Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi, (1), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.35375/sayod.1018381
  • Yıldırım, A., Boysan, M., & Kefeli, M. C. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 46(5), 582-595. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2018.1442558
  • Yıldırım, İ. E., Ergut, Ö., & Camkıran, C. (2017). Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği konusundaki farkindaliğin belirlenmesine yönelik akademisyenler üzerine bir araştirma. Marmara Üniversitesi Kadın ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.26695/mukatcad.2018.10
  • Zielińska-Król, K. (2014). Male identity and the modern model of fatherhood. Roczniki Teologiczne, 61(10), 35-47
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Public Health Nursing, Mental Health Nursing
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Seda Dülcek 0000-0002-8890-4236

Elif Zehra Polat 0009-0008-0714-7896

Deniz Ateş 0009-0002-2786-9921

Project Number 1919B012216344
Publication Date March 28, 2025
Submission Date September 6, 2024
Acceptance Date December 25, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Dülcek, S., Polat, E. Z., & Ateş, D. (2025). The Relationship of Gender Role Attitudes Towards Men with Depression, Anxiety, Stress. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(1), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1544869

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